Inductive Learning in Civil Engineering: Rough Sets Approach

The paper discusses several potential civil engineering applications of inductive systems based on the theory of rough sets. This theory is discussed briefly. An inductive system is proposed for applications in knowledge acquisition for expert systems, for problem-solving, shallow modeling, learning about different domains, and in learning expert systems.     

土木工程专家系统的应用和发展趋势

从专家系统的定义、组成、特点以及专家系统和一般计算机程序的区别、专家系统的开发与应用等方面介绍了专家系统的基本原理。阐述了专家系统在项目评估、诊断、决策和预测、建筑设计及优化、项目管理、施工技术以及一些特殊领域的应用。对土木工程领域专家系统的研究成果和应用情况进行总结和归纳,分析了现有土木工程专家系统存在的几个问题。在此基础上展望了专家系统在土木工程领域的应用和发展趋势,可以预见随着计算机应用的日益普及,专家系统在土木工程领域将有更为广阔的发展前景。     

Debugging Finite Element Programs Input Data with Machine Learning

Abstract: Debugging of the input data of a structural analysis program is a troublesome task which is heavily dependent on empirical knowledge. The paper describes an effort that applies machine learning to build an expert system for debugging faults in structural analysis program input data. ID3 decision tree induction algorithm is employed to build the automatic learning mechanism. This method Oflkrs an attractive potential for knowledge acquisition in the civil engineering domain in which expertise plays a dominant role. This paper is novel in at least three aspects: (1) machine learning is employed to build expert systems automatically; (2) a novel impurity function is proposed for splitting the decision tree; (3) a formulated comparison is proposed for evaluating learning results.     

A new method based on the theory of fuzzy sets for obtaining an indication of risk

This paper concludes that traditional methods used in risk analysis have to be modified for adaption to the civil engineering industry. The main reason is that civil engineering systems are humanistic systems while traditional methods have been developed for mechanical systems. Consequently, the proposed method, indication of risk, is based on traditional methods such as fault tree analysis but modified according to the needs of the civil engineering industry. For humanistic systems, the method is based on the theories of possibility and fuzzy sets instead of the traditional theory of probability. The method is intended to be used to identify critical phases of the analysed systems and for optimizing system control. The method presented is exemplified by a risk analysis of a computer calculation. It is concluded that the method fulfils its intentions and deserves to be developed and examined further.     

Systems Theory for the civil engineer The design process: insights from expert system development

The drive to develop expert systems is forcing would-be developers to examine and make explicit the mental processes which experts use. Much of what an expert actually does is carried out intuitively and without any conscious thought. The procedures and mental processes used in civil engineering design involve a ‘creative phase’, where the design first takes shape and then ‘evolves’, and a ‘checking phase’ to ensure that it will be satisfactory. Experience and judgement play large roles in both phases. In this paper, the role of experience and how it is gained are examined. Defining experience is important not only for expert systems designers but also for the education and training of future design engineers.     

建筑环境与能源应用工程专业大土木类人才培养探索

文章以建筑环境与能源应用工程专业更名,以及南昌大学制定新版本科培养方案为背景,探讨制定大土木类建筑环境与能源应用工程专业人才培养方案。新版培养方案以培养具有土木建筑基本知识,能在建筑环境与建筑能源领域从事设计、施工、制造、运行、咨询及节能改造工作的复合型工程技术人员为目标,探索开设大土木类专业平台课、第三学期实践课程及特色课程等。     

土木工程施工课程教学改革探讨

讨论了土木工程施工课程的教学和改革。重点从多媒体课件的制作、教学方法、教学实验平台的建设、创新课题的建设等方面来进行阐述,在加强基础理论教学的基础上,拓宽学生的知识面,锻炼和培养学生的动手能力和创新能力。通过“课堂教学与实践相结合,应用与创新相结合”,把学生培养成综合能力强的复合型的人才,以适应社会的需要。     

结构力学课程“1+0.5+0.5”培养模式的构建与实施

以结构力学课程为核心,结合高层建筑结构课程、计算机辅助设计课程及各专业课的课程设计与毕业设计等实践性教学环节,形成了"3+1"人才培养模式下,以"知识讲授+综合训练+工程实践"为主线的土木工程专业结构力学课程"1+0.5+0.5"全程式培养模式,以提高土木工程专业学生工程结构分析与计算能力。     

浅谈土木工程的造价控制

随着我国经济的不断发展,土木工程建设单位的竞争日益激烈。土木工程的造价控制是对土木工程项目建设的资金投入和资源投入的过程所进行的调节和控制,按照特殊的计价程序,在投资决策阶段、设计阶段和项目施工阶段,把土木工程造价的发生控制在批准的造价限额之内。本文以土木工程的工程造价控制为主要内容,对土木工程项目各阶段的内容和措施进...     

A product modeling approach to building knowledge integration

Knowledge informatics is still playing only a minor role in the design process of buildings and civil engineering efforts, particularly in the inception stage. The primary reason that most knowledge tools are not well integrated into the process is that most tend to be based on stand alone expert system technology. Improving the re-use of existing knowledge is required to increase industry performance. A solution could be a new generation of integrated knowledge systems. One problem that must be addressed is how to cope with the conflicting requirements of each particular subsystem when each is optimized for its own knowledge domain. No optimum solution exists that is able to simultaneously optimize each subsystem for a total solution. This paper discusses an approach to building knowledge integration that attempts to address these shortcomings through the use of combined product model and meta-knowledge approach.     

Wavelet Transforms for System Identification in Civil Engineering

Abstract:   The time-frequency character of wavelet transforms allows adaptation of both traditional time and frequency domain system identification approaches to examine nonlinear and non-stationary data. Although challenges did not surface in prior applications concerned with mechanical systems, which are characterized by higher frequency and broader-band signals, the transition to the time-frequency domain for the analysis of civil engineering structures highlighted the need to understand more fully various processing concerns, particularly for the popular Morlet wavelet. In particular, as these systems may possess longer period motions and thus require finer frequency resolutions, the particular impacts of end effects become increasingly apparent. This study discusses these considerations in the context of the wavelet's multi-resolution character and includes guidelines for selection of wavelet central frequencies, highlights their role in complete modal separation, and quantifies their contributions to end-effect errors, which may be minimized through a simple padding scheme.     

An approach to teaching civil engineering systems

The approaches used in offering a required course for undergraduate students, an elective course for both undergraduate and graduate students, and a Master of Science program in civil engineering systems are described. Student attitudes about systems analysis and teaching challenges are discussed. My teaching philosophy is to integrate economic and engineering principles into an unified approach for solving civil engineering design, planning and management problems. The manner in which this philosophy is incorporated into systems courses and the MS program is illustrated.     

Systems Theory for the civil engineer Experience with knowledge acquisition for an engineering expert system

Issues involved in the knowledge acquisition process for engineering applications of expert systems are discussed, with reference to a project underway in the reservoir management domain. Since there are no well established guidelines for the crucial task of acquiring human problem solving expertise, the individual responsible forthis task must rely on his own judgement and suggestions found in the literature. Based on the experience from this project, success in the area of knowledge acquisition appears to require the incremental development of very problem specific engineering expert systems, which facilitates the knowledge acquisition process. Other important factors described include the domain knowledge of the knowledge engineer (the person responsible for knowledge acquisition), the interaction between the expert and the knowledge engineer, and the expectations for the expert systems.     

智能建造背景下混凝土结构设计课程改革探索

智能建造是以传统土木工程专业为基础,面向国家建设需求的新工科发展方向。混凝土结构设计课程作为传统土木工程专业的核心课程之一,仍是智能建造专业的重要教学环节。为了满足人才培养的新要求,结合目前国内高校智能建造专业的核心课程分析,探讨了现有混凝土结构设计课程知识的改革措施,构建了适应智能建造背景下程混凝土结构设计课程的知识体系,明确了混凝土结构设计在智能建造专业中的作用,相关成果可为智能建造专业结构设计教学提供参考。     

土木工程专业学生创新能力培养探讨

土木工程专业是一个传统的技术行业,对学生工程素质和实践能力的要求很高。针对目前高校在开展创新能力培养方面存在的一些问题,结合华中科技大学土木工程专业学生创新能力培养的工作实际,分别就如何加强课程建设启迪学生的创新思维、加强实践环节掌握创新的基本技能以及通过各类活动给学生提供一个实现创新的平台三个方面展开论述,取得了较好的效果。     

面向新工科的土木工程专业改造升级路径探索与实践

在新工科背景下,土木工程专业面临着由传统工科专业向新型土木工程专业转型、升级、改造的问题。结合国内外土木工程行业发展趋势,对传统土木工程专业如何向新型土木工程专业转型、升级进行了探讨,在新工科背景下将OBE教育理念运用到土木工程专业的升级和改造,开展面向新工科的土木工程人才培养方案研究与实践。研究内容包括校企共建"智慧建筑学院";建立面向新工科的人才培养目标与毕业要求;将互联网+、云计算、大数据、智能化、虚拟现实等信息技术、智能化技术,尤其是BIM技术用于多学科交叉的课程体系设置;建立多专业融合的智慧建筑仿真实验中心,构建"3+1"的校企合作教育平台,实现新工科背景下的新型土木工程专业内涵式发展,培养面向未来的新型智慧建筑人才。     

Representing Design Knowledge with Neural Networks

Neural networks have been used in a number of civil engineering applications because of their ability to implicitly learn an input–output relationship. Typically, the applications involve deriving an input–output relationship for problems that may be too complex to model mathematically, computationally expensive, or difficult to solve using the traditional procedural computing approach. Heuristic design knowledge used by structural engineers when performing structural design often falls in the latter category of being difficult to represent procedurally. Neural networks have been investigated for the representation of heuristic design knowledge, and the results of this investigation and the lessons learned regarding neural network training are presented.     

土木工程材料课程试验与创新——以水泥混凝土抗渗试验为例

土木工程材料课程试验是熟悉国家技术标准,验证和巩固所学理论知识,培养学生动手和创新能力的重要环节。以水泥混凝土抗渗试验为例,针对传统水泥混凝土抗渗试验过程复杂、试件密封困难、试验成功率不高、试验结果误差大等问题,在保持现有抗渗仪的试验机理基本不变的前提下,通过不断改进和总结,优化创新传统水泥混凝土抗渗试验仪及其试验操作,首次提出通过适当增大混凝土试件尺寸、增加内部预埋引压管等关键措施,直观察看渗水路径,提高抗渗试验的成功率。研究成果为土木工程材料课程及其它土木工程课程试验与创新提供了参考,值得土木工程材料课程和其它课程教学借鉴;同时将为修改和逐步完善现行规范提供技术支撑,为土木工程中抗渗结构带来社会和经济效益。     

土木建造类研究生学科交叉融合培养体系研究与实践

基于大工程观的复合型、国际化人才已经成为土木工程专业研究生培养的目标需求,因此,文章旨在探索学科交叉融合的土木建造类研究生培养途径。以重庆大学土木建造类研究生培养为例,通过目标需求分析,打造良好的多学科融合研究生培养条件,构建智慧赋能、学科交叉土木建造类研究生的培养体系。通过十余年的改革与实践,创新了培养理念、培养模式和培养体系,并在人才培养质量、培养能力、教学改革成果等方面取得了突出成效。通过智慧赋能土木、创新助力建造,有效提升了土木建造类研究生的创新能力和国际化视野,实现研究生培养从传统土木到智慧建造的复合式发展,开辟了土木建造类研究生人才培养改革新方向。     

State-of-the-art and prospect of intelligent science and technology in civil engineering

人工智能为土木工程学科和行业带来了新的发展机遇，土木工程智能科学技术的发展和创新与智能材料、3D打印、大数据、物联网、智能计算、机器人、元宇宙等数学、计算机科学和新兴产业技术进行深度融合，将深刻变革土木工程全寿期，包括城市规划、建筑设计、结构设计、工程建造、服役运维、防灾减灾等阶段。为此，从智能材料、智能设计、智能建造、智能运维、智能防灾等多个维度，总结当前土木工程智能科学与技术的研究现状，提出物理机器学习(基于数据范式与物理定律有机融合)的土木工程智能科学与技术特征；同时，探讨虚拟科学家在创造崭新土木工程智能科学与技术的前景。最后，展望了土木工程智能科学与技术发展目标，即从基于现有知识体系建立纯数据驱动和物理机器学习土木工程智能理论，到发展出具有自学习能力的智能体及其理论体系，最终创造出具有自我进化能力的虚拟科学家，发现新的数学方法与物理定律等。