316L不锈钢在含Cl-高温醋酸溶液中的电化学行为

316L不锈钢试样在空气中放置24 h后在含Cl-醋酸溶液(0.2%KCl,60%的醋酸,85℃)中能自钝化,自腐蚀电位为100 mV;经阴极极化后的试样在实验周期内在含Cl-醋酸溶液中不能自钝化,其自腐蚀电位为(-242±3)mV;经阳极极化形成的钝化膜比在空气中自然形成的钝化膜更致密.测试了空气中钝化24 h以及阴极极化、阳极极化后,试样在醋酸溶液中自腐蚀电位随时间变化的曲线;结合阴极、阳极极化曲线,SEM观察和XPS成分分析,发现Cr是组成钝化膜并增加钝化膜稳定性的重要元素,而Mo是在钝化膜发生活性溶解或者被击穿时于表面富集的元素,可导致该区域电位升高,从而阻止腐蚀发生.初步探讨了316L不锈钢在含Cl-醋酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为和点腐蚀发生的机理.     

HCO3–对超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢钝化行为及点蚀行为的影响

目的研究在0.1 mol/L NaCl硼酸缓冲溶液中,研究HCO_3~–对超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的钝化及点蚀行为的影响。方法采用动电位极化、恒电位极化、Mott-Schottky曲线、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试手段,并结合3D超景深显微镜进行点蚀形貌观察,研究超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为。结果随着HCO_3~–浓度的增加,超级13Cr的钝化区间变宽,点蚀电位向正向移动,稳态点蚀发生的敏感性降低。HCO_3~–减少了超级13Cr亚稳态点蚀数量,降低了亚稳态点蚀电流密度峰值的平均值。随着HCO_3~–浓度的增大,超级13Cr钝化膜电阻Rf升高,电荷转移电阻Rct升高,钝化膜电容Cf逐渐减小。HCO_3~–使得超级13Cr钝化膜半导体特性由n型转变为n+p型双极性,且随着溶液中HCO_3~–浓度的增大,钝化膜中的施主密度ND和受主密度NA减小。结论 HCO_3~–的加入使得超级13Cr不锈钢钝化膜厚度增大,钝化膜内点缺陷密度降低,对基体的保护作用增强,抑制了超级13Cr的亚稳态和稳态点蚀发生。     

2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明：两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为北大核心CSCD

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明:两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

超级奥氏体不锈钢在模拟烟气脱硫冷凝液中的钝化行为研究

采用动电位极化、恒电位极化、Mott-Schottky以及XPS测试研究了254SMo、904L、316L 3种奥氏体不锈钢在模拟烟气冷凝液中的钝化行为。结果表明，在模拟烟气冷凝液中，随着Mo含量的增加，钝化区变宽，点蚀电位变正，维钝电流密度降低，使得254SMo钢耐蚀性增强，适用于烟气脱硫环境中。同时，随着冷凝液pH的增大，3种钢的平带电位负移，施主密度不断减小，表明其钝化膜的缺陷随着pH的增加而减少，耐蚀性增加。     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢点蚀行为的电化学噪声特征

通过对电化学噪声数据进行时域、频域和Weibull分布等分析,比较了高氮奥氏体不锈钢(HNSS)和316L不锈钢(316L SS)在6%(质量分数)FeCl_3溶液中的点蚀行为。时域分析结果表明,316L SS在溶液中浸泡5 h后,电位噪声和电流噪声均出现了噪声暂态峰,试样表面发生了亚稳态点蚀,而此时HNSS并没有出现明显的噪声暂态峰,电位噪声和电流噪声仅发生小幅高频波动,表面钝化膜虽发生轻微腐蚀,但仍具有一定的再钝化能力。316L SS的噪声电阻波动幅值较大,而HNSS噪声电阻幅值在小范围内波动,表面钝化膜的自钝化和修复能力优于316L SS。功率谱密度图像表明,316L SS的高频段斜率和白噪声水平强度均高于HNSS,且Weibull分布分析表明316L SS的点蚀孕育速率约是HNSS的2倍,316L SS更容易发生点蚀,HNSS的抗点蚀能力更强。     

氯离子对316L不锈钢临界点蚀温度的影响

在外加恒电位下,通过测腐蚀电流密度-温度曲线的方法研究了Cl~-含量对316L不锈钢临界点蚀温度(CPT)的影响。结果表明:在临界点蚀温度以下,试样表面钝化膜比较稳定,超过该温度后,试样表面开始发生点蚀。Cl~-含量越高,316L不锈钢临界点蚀温度越低,且表面的点蚀坑越多。现场的腐蚀产物分析表明,腐蚀产物表面稀疏,主要元素为O、Fe、C、Cl。现场生产水Cl~-质量浓度高达21.431g/L,对316L不锈钢的腐蚀极其严重。     

温度对Cr26Mol超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐点蚀性能的影响

通过循环极化曲线、Mott-Schottky曲线以及电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了温度对Cr26Mo1超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐点蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度升高,Cr26Mo1超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢的自腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位下降,钝化膜阻抗降低.Cr26Mo1不锈钢钝化膜的半导体类型和性质在不同温度下发生改变.Cr26Mo1不锈钢发生点蚀的孕育期随着温度的升高而缩短,点蚀敏感性增加,已发生点蚀的试样不能够自修复.     

氮对00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2双相不锈钢抗孔蚀性能的作用

用浸泡腐蚀试验、电化学测试及表面分析技术研究了合金元素氮对双相不锈钢抗孔蚀性能的作用。试验结果表明加入氮使孔蚀电位升高并有利于奥氏体中含有更多的cr、Mo及Si,因而改善了双相成份分布。氮增强了Cr及Mo在钝化膜中.特别是在奥氏体上的形成的钝化膜中的富集,从而提高了膜的稳定性。     

H2S对316L不锈钢含Cl-环境下点蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀模拟试验和电化学测试,研究了H2S分压对316L不锈钢在含Cl-条件下的点蚀行为。模拟试验结果表明,随H2S分压的升高,316L不锈钢试样表面钝化膜局部出现破损,点蚀电位及钝化膜电阻均明显下降,点蚀敏感性提高。H2S分压增至100kPa时,样品表面可以观察到明显点蚀形核,与无H2S条件相比,膜电阻显著减小,难以维持良好的钝化状态。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。