基于传感器的汽车主动安全设计

从汽车主动安全方面进行研究,通过对车辆道路行驶时关键要素的危险状态识别,实现完善汽车主动安全性能.本设计采取自动控制方法,通过研究汽车防碰撞检测和预防以及偏离车道报警,为汽车安全系统提供信息支持,实现车辆主动避免碰撞危险,减少或避免交通事故发生,大大提高汽车行驶主动安全性.所设计汽车主动安全防撞系统主要包括激光防撞测距、激光车道检测、报警警示系统等.     

基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位仿真

为了利用主动雷达的现有能力,提高海面物体的定位精度,同时使系统的组成尽可能简单,提出了基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位方法.首先基于海面物体零高程假设,建立了基于测距交会的海面物体高精度定位模型,利用主动雷达的高精度测距信息解算出海面物体的位置,然后根据定位模型推导出精度表达式,并对定位精度及其影响因素进行了仿真分析,结果显示,利用测距交会定位方法可以显著提升目标定位精度,且对精度影响最大的是主动雷达的测距误差,其次是平台位置误差,影响最小的是海浪高度误差.     

24GHz车载防撞雷达及中频信号处理电路设计

介绍了FMCW雷达测距、测速原理和系统结构;并针对24 GHz线性调频连续波汽车防撞雷达系统的信号处理问题,对雷达后端中频信号处理电路进行了相关的研究及实现。设计了相应的滤波电路、增益控制放大电路,并取得了良好的效果。该设计提高了防撞雷达系统的测量精度和距离,对汽车主动安全性能起到一定积极作用。     

基于PIC12C508单片机的超声测距系统

介绍一种基于PIC12C508单片机的超声波测距系统，给出了系统的设计和分析，进行了测距实验和数据分析。该系统可以用在汽车倒车雷达，机器人控制等自动控制领域。     

基于单片机的超声测距倒车雷达的研究

为了降低汽车倒车时的碰撞事故,本文研究了基于单片机的超声测距倒车雷达.根据渡越时间测距原理,采用89C52单片机为主控制器,研制出了超声测距倒车雷达,并对测距误差进行了分析.雷达测距范围0.2～5.0米,最大测量误差不超过5%。     

单片机控制的超声波测距仪汽车倒车系统的设计

本文设计一种基于单片机STC89C52的超声波测距仪汽车倒车系统,介绍了超声波测距的基本原理,阐述了倒车雷达系统的结构组成、硬件电路设计,并在数据处理部分采用温度补偿消除温度对声速的影响,提高了测距精度.倒车距离采用LCD进行实时显示,并通过语音报警电路对不同距离段做出不同的语音提示.实验表明该倒车雷达系统在30～ 5...     

CPLD+DDS在调频连续波雷达中的应用

传统的线性调频连续波(LFM-CW)雷达测距系统很难克服由压控振荡源的非线性以及很低的频率分辨率对其测距精度的影响,本文提出了基于直接数字式频率合成(DDS)这一新技术,由CPLD进行高速控制,从而实现LFM-CW雷达测距系统的方案。结合关键模块的框图,阐明了其实现原理与方法。     

基于LabVIEW的FMCW雷达测距系统设计

在FMCW（调频连续波）雷达测距系统中,通常采用FFT（快速蹲里叶变换）算法对差频信号进行频率测量。为了进一步提高测距精度,提出了一种结合FFT和离散频谱能量重心法的方法来测量差频信号的频率。结合雷达收发器IVS-162和MP424数据采集卡,设计并实现了基于LabVIEW的FMCW雷达测距系统;实验结果表明该系统性能稳定、结构简单,可应用于需要高精度测距的场合。     

基于LPC2210的汽车防撞装置的设计

随着私家车的增多,给日常生活带来了方便,同时也给交通带来极大压力.汽车的安全问题变得尤其重要.本文介绍基于LPC2210的汽车防撞系统.此系统采用了两种测距方法:调频连续渡雷达测距和超声波测距.提示部分采用了语音播报和LCD显示两种方式.本文阐述了信号的发射接收、语音集成芯片、LCD显示这三部分与核心控制芯片的硬件连接及整个系统的软件流程图.     

雷达与红外传感器数据关联及融合算法研究

多传感器信息融合技术在目标跟踪领域已经得到了广泛的应用,末制导融合技术是多传感器跟踪系统中的关键技术之一,而主动雷达、红外传感器的数据融合问题是研究的热点。由于主动雷达发射电磁波容易暴露,红外传感器隐蔽性好,但只能测角,不能测距,采用主动雷达为主、红外探测为辅的数据融合系统进行目标跟踪有利于充分地发挥红外、雷达2种传感器的互补性,使其相得益彰。基于卡尔曼滤波的预测、修正的思想,提出了一种新的融合算法,仿真结果和实验表明:利用此方法可使雷达、红外传感器达到较好的数据融合效果。     

车载毫米波雷达Bootloader的设计与实现

毫米波雷达用于盲区监测系统时,一种连接方法是仅一个雷达挂接在车身网络上,而另一个雷达无法直接与车身网络通信,因此也无法通过OBD直接升级软件。该文提出一套基于UDS的软件升级方案,在传统下位机Bootloader中增加主从通讯功能,使得两个雷达能同时完成软件升级。经实际应用,设计的Bootloader在盲区监测系统和前碰撞预警系统中都能可靠地升级应用软件。     

Forward vehicle collision mitigation by braking system based on artificial bee colony algorithm

Decision-making is a crucial step in vehicles’ safety systems, which determines the right time for the system to intervene and to take the required action, depending on the current situation of the vehicle. The warning/intervention system becomes active when the driving situation considered unpleasant while still giving the control to the driver. Taking the action of warning, braking and determining the best time for this intervention are important decisions in collision mitigation systems. In this work, a novel system is designed based on artificial bee colony algorithm to enhance the decision-making in such systems. This work concentrates on collision mitigation by braking systems only, for front-to-rear accidents. This paper studies cases when the hosting vehicle approaches moving and stationary objects. This work is simulated, and the results are obtained and analyzed which proved the contribution to this work in reducing the collision speed and the stopping distance, in comparison with previous related works.     

新体制民用雷达与实时信息处理研究

随着天线制造技术、超宽带技术、合成孔径技术和信息处理技术的发展,雷达的体积不断减小,探测精度和成像分辨率大大提升,雷达开始在民用领域中活跃起来,尤其是应用于穿透成像、微波遥感成像、滑坡监测和机场异物检测等领域的民用雷达发展十分迅速。为了让民用雷达在复杂的自然环境中具有更高、更稳定的性能,雷达信息处理技术一直在不断创新。本文介绍了民用雷达的新趋势和新技术,以及探墙雷达、微型SAR、边坡雷达和异物检测（Foreign object debris,FOD)雷达实时信息处理的关键问题和解决方案。     

On the Design of Safety Communication Systems for Vehicles

Statistics show that the number of casualties due to traffic accidents exceeds one million each year. For the development of systems that prevent vehicle collisions, vehicular communication is considered a promising technology. This paper focuses on design aspects of communication systems that support the development of collaborative active safety systems such as collision warning and collision avoidance. We introduce a design method for safety communication systems that includes a set of analyses and a reasoning system for modeling and analyzing traffic scenarios. An overview of a specific solution for communication is presented in this paper. This solution proposes techniques for network organization and data dissemination that make use of contextual information. This allows the development of a communication system that is adaptable to the specifics of the traffic situation.     

基于LabVIEW的汽车防撞报警系统的设计

针对交通安全问题,设计了一种基于虚拟仪器的汽车防碰撞报警系统。给出了系统硬件、软件的设计方法和主要实验数据。该系统采用LabVIEW7.0编程,配合FMCW雷达传感器和高性能数据采集卡,可实现对前方车辆距离、速度的动态监测,当预见到有碰撞危险时,自动发出警示信息,帮助驾驶员及时刹车,避免碰撞事故发生。实测结果证明了系统的有效性。     

基于DBN的特种车辆前向防撞推理模型

针对特种车辆在动态环境中的前向碰撞风险评估问题,对特种车辆前向碰撞风险的自然因素、驾驶员行为特征等进行研究,并对固定的车辆安全防撞距离阈值进行改进,提出了一种基于动态贝叶斯网络的前向防撞推理模型。该模型将自车与周围环境的位置关系、环境关系、驾驶员行为等因素进行融合,一旦周围环境发生变化,该模型可以及时评估前向风险,并与静态贝叶斯网络的前向推理模型进行对比分析。仿真实验验证了该前向防撞推理模型的可行性和有效性。     

随机信号雷达的发展

随机信号雷达是一种以微波噪声源作为其发射信号或信号调制形式的雷达,相对于传统的雷达体制,随机信号雷达具有许多优良的特性,本文介绍了过去３０多年中随机信号雷达的发展过程,对其基本形式和相关法,频谱法,反相关法等实现方法作出了系统的总结,并且对几种典型的随机信号雷达,如“随机调频连续波雷达”,“正弦加随机调频连;续波雷”和“随机二相码连续波雷达”的基本结构作了介绍,最后对随机号雷达的发展作了展望。     

基于DSP的防撞雷达系统设计与实现

为保证汽车在高速公路上的行车安全,根据线性调频连续波雷达的基本原理,设计实现一种基于数字信号处理技术的毫米波车载前向防撞雷达系统。雷达系统根据简化的二维恒虚警率降低目标检测时的虚警概率,用MTD频域配对法找出同一目标出现在上、下扫频的频谱。实验结果表明,该系统能实时准确地检测前面目标车辆的距离与速度信息,运行稳定可靠。     

Driver Intent Prediction and Collision Avoidance With Barrier Functions

For autonomous vehicles and driver assist systems, path planning and collision avoidance algorithms benefit from accurate predictions of future location of other vehicles and intent of their drivers. In the literature, the algorithms that provide driver intent belong to two categories: those that use physics based models with some type of filtering, and machine learning based approaches. In this paper we employ barrier functions (BF) to decide driver intent. BFs are typically used to prove safety by establishing forward invariance of an admissible set. Here, we decide if the “target” vehicle is violating one or more possibly fictitious (i.e., non-physical) barrier constraints determined based on the context provided by the road geometry. The algorithm has a very small computational footprint and better false positive and negative rates than some of the alternatives. The predicted intent is then used by a control barrier function (CBF) based collision avoidance system to prevent unnecessary interventions, for either an autonomous or human-driven vehicle.      

On-road vehicle detection: a review

Developing on-board automotive driver assistance systems aiming to alert drivers about driving environments, and possible collision with other vehicles has attracted a lot of attention lately. In these systems, robust and reliable vehicle detection is a critical step. This paper presents a review of recent vision-based on-road vehicle detection systems. Our focus is on systems where the camera is mounted on the vehicle rather than being fixed such as in traffic/driveway monitoring systems. First, we discuss the problem of on-road vehicle detection using optical sensors followed by a brief review of intelligent vehicle research worldwide. Then, we discuss active and passive sensors to set the stage for vision-based vehicle detection. Methods aiming to quickly hypothesize the location of vehicles in an image as well as to verify the hypothesized locations are reviewed next. Integrating detection with tracking is also reviewed to illustrate the benefits of exploiting temporal continuity for vehicle detection. Finally, we present a critical overview of the methods discussed, we assess their potential for future deployment, and we present directions for future research.