气液两相流理论在明渠水气界面计算中的应用

采用一维水面线计算方法确定断面和比降频繁变化、同时受下游回水影响的渠道水气界面位置往往产生较大误差。本文采用了两相流理论中三维相间界面计算模型－VOF模型模拟计算断面和比降频繁变化，受下游回水影响严重的渠道水气界面。实例资料的验证表明，VOF模型可以完全考虑渠道在三维空间上的变化以及下游回水的影响，是一种比一维渐变流水面线计算方法更为精细的数值模型。     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.     

固液两相流中水轮机基本方程式及相似准则

本文先建立了固液两相流中水轮机基本方程式,并对基本方程式进行了定性分析,得到液相和固相出口速度三角形的适当组合,可以获得既具有较高能量性能,又具有较好气蚀性能的水轮机转轮;按清水条件设计的转轮,在固液两相流中运行时,其能量性能和气蚀性能均不很理想。然后系统地建立了固液两相流中水轮机的相似准则,得到了单元工作量的表达形式。     

挑流消能水气二相流数值模拟

采用VOF法对挑流消能从库区到下游水垫塘进行了全程水气二相流二维数值模拟。模拟了射流的空中轨迹线和水垫塘的自由水面，得到了计算域的流线、压力、流场、紊动能k及紊动能耗散率ε分布，并用物理模型对模拟结果进行了验证，二者吻合良好。说明利用湍流二相流模型及VOF法对空中射流水舌及水垫塘流态模拟是可行的。     

不同液舱结构形式对晃荡的影响分析

本文就不同液舱结构形式对晃荡所产生的影响进行了分析研究。根据晃荡问题的特点及其液舱结构形式，建辛了数学模型。采用有限差分法离散流体运动方程，VOF法追踪自由表面，通度系数概念处理液舱内的障碍物。最后通过编制的计算程序，计算分析了不同结构形式液舱的防晃效果。     

气幕防波堤消波性能数值模拟研究

该文将气液两相流看成是变密度单流体,以连续方程、雷诺平均方程和模型为控制方程,采用VOF方法追踪两相流界面,建立了气幕防波堤数值模型.基于Fluent软件平台,通过UDF在连续方程中添加附加质量源项实现了对气幕的数值模拟.数值计算得到的波浪透射系数同试验数据吻合较好.在此基础上讨论了入射波浪的周期和供气量等对气幕防波堤消波性能的影响.     

台阶坝面消能水气两相流数值模拟

 采用VOF法模拟自由表面,用非结构网格来处理复杂的边界形状,并根据边界形式进行适当的分区,利用k-ε气液两相流模拟光面和台阶溢流面的流场,得到了溢流面的流场、水面线以及消能率等相关水力参数。数值模拟试验结果表明,台阶溢流坝面水流紊动掺气充分,消能率较高,并与物理模型试验结果进行对比分析,二者吻合良好。     

辐射流动条件下粗糙圆盘裂隙中浆-水两相流特征

裂隙灌浆是处理坝基工程地质问题的重要手段，而现有的裂隙灌浆研究常忽略了水相对浆液扩散过程的影响，不能真实反映浆液侵入过程。为了准确地模拟坝基裂隙灌浆过程，采用相场法分析了裂隙介质中浆液侵入特征，构建了考虑水相作用的粗糙圆盘裂隙数值模型，分析了裂隙粗糙度、裂隙开度、灌浆速度、灌浆压力对辐射流动条件下浆液侵入特征的影响。研究结果表明：恒定灌浆速率条件下，相界面移动速率随时间逐渐减小；粗糙凸起体会引起黏性耗能，导致粗糙圆盘孔口压力显著大于光滑圆盘；恒定灌浆压力条件下，提高灌浆压力比延长灌浆时间更加有效，开度越小浆液侵入量越小；灌浆驱水效率不仅受粗糙度大小的影响，还与凸起体的分布相关；灌浆孔附近的粗糙凸起体引起的剪切速率扰动大于远场的。     

含颗粒宾汉流体密相两相湍流的数值模拟

阐述了宾汉流体控制方程的特点，研究了宾汉流体屈服应力和塑性粘度的变化对两相流动的影响。随着屈服应力的增加，宾汉流体与颗粒相速度的主流速度减小。随着塑性粘度的增加，宾汉流体和颗粒相的主流速度分布出现了与屈服应力带来的影响的相反趋势。对带颗粒的宾汉流体的两相流流动与液固两相流流动做了比较，宾汉流体的两相流流动的两相速度比液固两相流流动的两相速度的分布平坦。     

基于CIP方法的液滴冲击薄膜数值模拟

该文基于自主研发的气-液二相流数学模型开展了液滴冲击液膜的数值模拟,采用紧致插值曲线(CIP;constrained interpolation profile)方法离散Naiver-Stokes方程,完成速度-压力场的求解,并分析了速度场、压力场随时间变化的过程。采用VOF/WLIC(volume of fluid/weighed line interface calculation)方法重构了自由面,并与SOLA-VOF方法及CIP方法得到的自由面进行比较,验证VOF/WLIC方法对于液滴冲击液膜问题的适用性。通过调整气、液二相流的黏度比值,分析比较了不同黏度比值对模拟结果的影响。结果表明,CIP方法可精准重现液滴冲击过程中的复杂自由面流动现象。     

VISCOSITY EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A RISING BUBBLE

In the incompressible fluid flow regime,without taking consideration of surface tension effects,the viscosity effects on the behavior of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by the Volume Of Fluid(VOF) method.The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is taken as 0.001,and the gas viscosity to the liquid viscosity is 0.01,which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water.It is found by numerical exp...     

氧化沟内水力特性的数值模拟研究

采用FLUENT6.3.26软件求解气液两相流,VOF(volume of fluid)法捕捉自由液面,气液两相流时均方程的求解应用标准湍流模型,速度与压力耦合方程组的求解应用半隐式算法。分析比较了氧化沟内各测线上流速沿水深方向的变化规律,将模拟结果与实验数据进行比较分析,得出两者有很好的一致性,从而验证了所选数值模型的正确性。为进一步研究氧化沟内部的流场结构和优化氧化沟的体型设计提供了参考依据。     

Modeling of single film bubble and numerical study of the plateau structure in foam system

The single-film bubble has a special geometry with a certain amount of gas shrouded by a thin layer of liquid film under the surface tension force both on the inside and outside surfaces of the bubble. Based on the mesh-less moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method, a single-film double-gas-liquid-interface surface tension(SDST) model is established for the single-film bubble,which characteristically has totally two gas-liquid interfaces on both sides of the film. Within this framework, the conventional surface free energy surface tension model is improved by using a higher order potential energy equation between particles, and the modification results in higher accuracy and better symmetry properties. The complex interface movement in the oscillation process of the single-film bubble is numerically captured, as well as typical flow phenomena and deformation characteristics of the liquid film.In addition, the basic behaviors of the coalescence and connection process between two and even three single-film bubbles are studied, and the cases with bubbles of different sizes are also included. Furthermore, the classic plateau structure in the foam system is reproduced and numerically proved to be in the steady state for multi-bubble connections.     

绕二维对称水翼的通气空泡流数值研究

本文通过有限体积离散方法求解Reynolds平均Navler—Stokes方程，采用VOF法追踪气一液两相交界面。研究了在高压低速来流，即本质上不发生自然空化的条件下，绕二维对称水翼的非定常通气空泡流动。分析了物理参数——通气方向角和攻角，对通气空泡外形、稳定性及水动力参数的影响。计算结果表明：在通气空泡的形成过程中，通气方向角存在着一个临界值，使得空泡形态由片状空泡过渡到超空泡；特定的参数组合将会诱发空泡表面出现波动现象。而且，当攻角做周期性变化时，水动力参数的变化也随之满足周期性规律，且出现阶段性振荡。     

THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF INTERFACE BETWEEN TWO-PHASE SHEAR FLOW WITH LARGE DENSITY RATIOS

1. INTRODUCTION Fluids with interface or free surface have potential applications in the fields of geophysics, engineering, and applied physics. In nature, when wind blows over a sea surface in oceanography, breaking waves play a significant role in the t…     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VENTILATED CAVITATING FLOW AROUND A 2D FOIL

By using a pressure-based method and the finite volume method in the framework of the time dependent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the authors studied the unsteady process of ventilated cavities generated forcing air through an orifice in a 2D hydrofoil without natural cavitation physically. The computation was carried out with the Volume Of Fluid （VOF） technique to track the gas-liquid two-phase interface. The results of simulation indicate that the ventilation rate is an important parameter in determining the morphology of cavity. There exists a critical value to convert sheet cavity into supereavity. A high ventilation rate can induce a two phase interface fluctuation and enable the ventilated eavitating flow to present a characteristic of periodicity.     

铝电解槽磁流体稳定性有限元分析

本文采用有限元法求解分层磁流体小扰动方程系统特征值，研究铝电解槽稳定性。研究结果表明，在没有电磁力时，铝液表面波动（内波）是稳定的。存在电磁力时，它会激发铝液表面波动的某些低频长波分量不稳定性，高频短波不受影响。被激发的不稳定波动频率和扰动增长率与电流密度，磁感应强度垂直分量，铝电解槽长宽比，电解质和铝液的密度差，厚度等因素密切相关。减少电流密度，磁感应强度，增加电极距离和铝液厚度可以提高铝电解槽的稳定性。这对铝电解槽优化设计和在线控制有重要意义。     

SURFACE TENSION EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF TWO RISING BUBBLES

In the inviscid and incompressible fluid flow regime, surface tension effects on the behavior of two initially spherical bubbles with same size rising axisymmetrically in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically with the VOF method. The numerical experiments are performed for two bubbles with two different bubble distances. The ratio of gas density to liquid density is 0.001, which is close to the case of air bubbles rising in water. In the case of Dis = 2.5, where Dis is defined as the ratio of the distance between the bubble centroids to the radius of the bubble, it is found from numerical experiments that there exist four critical Weber numbers We1 , We2 , We3 and We4 , which are in between 10 and 100, 3 and 4, 1.5 and 1.8, and 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. In the case of Dis = 2.3, similar phenomena also appear but the corresponding four critical Weber numbers are lower than those in the case of Dis = 2.5. The mechanism of the above phenomena is analyzed theoretically and numerically.     

液滴冲击流动液膜的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用单相格子Boltzmann方法模拟了二维液滴冲击流动液膜的含自由面的流动过程。由定义的质量与密度的比例系数来追踪气液自由面的变化。表面张力通过计算界面格点处作用在流体上的汽液相间作用力加入到模型中。数值模拟了速度比(液膜流动速度与液滴撞击速度的比值)和液膜相对厚度(液膜实际厚度与液滴直径的比值)不同时,液滴冲击流动液膜的过程。与液滴冲击静止液膜时的计算结果和理论分析结果进行对比,分析了液滴冲击流动液膜后产生的流动现象及其内在机理,产生的水花的铺展半径和溅起高度随时间的变化规律,并讨论了飞溅产生条件。