Automated structural optimization system for integrated topology and shape optimization

Abstract

This paper combines previously developed techniques for image‐preprocessing and characteristic image‐interpreting together with a newly proposed automated shape‐optimization modeling technique into an integrated topology‐optimization and shape‐optimization system. As a result, structure designers are provided with an efficient and reliable automated structural optimization system (ASOS). The automated shape‐optimization modeling technique, the key technique in ASOS, uses hole‐expanding strategy, interference analysis, and hole shape‐adjusting strategy to automatically define the design variables and side constraints needed for shape optimization. This technique not only eliminates the need to manually define design variables and side constraints for shape optimization, but during the process of shape optimization also prevents interference between the interior holes and the exterior boundary. The ASOS is tested in three different structural configuration design examples.     

Investigating the value of integrated operations planning: A case-based approach from automotive industry

During the last decade, many researchers have focused on joint consideration of various operations planning aspects like production scheduling, maintenance scheduling, inventory control, etc. Such joint considerations are becoming increasingly important from the point of view of current advancement in intelligent manufacturing, also known as Industry 4.0. Under the concept of Industry 4.0, advanced data analytics aim to remove human intervention in decision-making. Thus, the managerial level coordination of decisions taken independently by various departments will be out of trend. Therefore, developing an approach that optimises various operations planning decisions simultaneously is essential. Available literature on such joint considerations is more of the exploratory in nature and is limited to simplistic production environments. This necessitates the investigations of value of integrated operations planning for wide range of manufacturing scenarios. Present paper adopts a case-oriented approach to investigate the value of integrated operations planning. First, an integrated approach for simultaneously determining job sequencing, batch-sizing, inventory levels and preventive maintenance schedule is developed. The approach is tested in a complex production environment of an automotive plant and substantial economic improvement was realised. Second, a comprehensive evaluation is performed to study the robustness and implications of proposed approach for various production scenarios. Results of such pervasive performance investigations confirm the value of proposed approach over conventional approaches.     

Two‐scale topology optimization in computational material design: An integrated approach

In this work, a new strategy for solving multiscale topology optimization problems is presented. An alternate direction algorithm and a precomputed offline microstructure database (Computational Vademecum) are used to efficiently solve the problem. In addition, the influence of considering manufacturable constraints is examined. Then, the strategy is extended to solve the coupled problem of designing both the macroscopic and microscopic topologies. Full details of the algorithms and numerical examples to validate the methodology are provided.     

Bibliometric study of bioinformatics literature

Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary and comparatively new area of science that has made a significant impact within a short period. A systematic analysis of the rise in bioinformatics literature is, however, not available. This study analyses the growth of the scientific literature in this area as available from NCBI PubMed using standard bibliometric techniques. Bradford's law of scattering was used to identify core journals and Lotka's law employed to analyze author's productivity pattern. Study also explored publication type, language and the country of publication. Twenty core journals were identified and the primary mode of dissemination of information was through journal articles. Authors with single publication were more predominant (73.58%) contrary to that predicted by Lotka's law. The study provides useful information to scientists wishing to undertake work in this area.     

Investigating the accuracy of evolventometers

Conclusions The measurement results indicate that for checking measuring wheels which are used as standards for grade 5 and 6 wheels (according to GOST 6512-58), as well as for checking involute cams, it is necessary to produce new evolventometers whose kinematic chain must be simple, for instance, as in the Fellow disc instruments. It is also necessary to develop a more reliable method of setting the measuring tip for a given radius of the basic circumference, avoiding the method of setting it by touch.Such instruments are urgently required by the Committee's metrological institutions and plants which are manufacturing high precision wheels, as well as for checking involution cams designed for checking evolventometers.     

Blurring the line between bioinformatics and patent analysis

Biological patent analysts are often faced with querying multiple databases of sequence and text. After retrieving the query results, the results must be analyzed by reviewing patents and applications in a form of manual data reduction. Once families are identified for final analysis, the analyst must expand back out, looking at the members of those patent families. Again, sequence and text is reviewed manually, not algorithmically. One way for patent analysts to reduce the number of repetitive tasks performed is through the creation of macros. Such macros can be used for time-consuming tasks like global formatting, searching and replacing within a document, formatting extracted sequences into FASTA, or even converting three-letter amino acid code into single-letter code. Another way for a patent analyst to reduce repetitive tasks in biosequence patent analysis is through an alliance between biological patent analysts and bioinformaticians. Such an alliance could result in the development of tools that focus on these types of repetitive tasks. A bioinformatician is skilled in looking for solutions to various repetitive tasks. Such a solution could even be packaged and deployed to those colleagues who would benefit from access to such a time-saving program. Finding a way to automate repetitive tasks will free the patent analyst to spend more time on intellectual analysis of the results.     

Application of high-throughput computing in bioinformatics

We describe the challenges faced when developing a Linux/PC-based cluster to apply bioinformatics algorithms to the rapidly increasing raw genomics data available. The calculations, which take around two months to complete, result in a powerful resource that can be used for data mining--most obviously for the human genome. Our current infrastructure consists of a 1314 node cluster with 1734 processors supporting both production and research. This paper highlights the problems in achieving high data throughput with such systems and shows that raw computer power is only one component of a complex problem.     

Detecting the knowledge structure of bioinformatics by mining full-text collections

Bioinformatics is a fast-growing, diverse research field that has recently gained much public attention. Even though there are several attempts to understand the field of bioinformatics by bibliometric analysis, the proposed approach in this paper is the first attempt at applying text mining techniques to a large set of full-text articles to detect the knowledge structure of the field. To this end, we use PubMed Central full-text articles for bibliometric analysis instead of relying on citation data provided in Web of Science. In particular, we develop text mining routines to build a custom-made citation database as a result of mining full-text. We present several interesting findings in this study. First, the majority of the papers published in the field of bioinformatics are not cited by others (63 % of papers received less than two citations). Second, there is a linear, consistent increase in the number of publications. Particularly year 2003 is the turning point in terms of publication growth. Third, most researches of bioinformatics are driven by USA-based institutes followed by European institutes. Fourth, the results of topic modeling and word co-occurrence analysis reveal that major topics focus more on biological aspects than on computational aspects of bioinformatics. However, the top 10 ranked articles identified by PageRank are more related to computational aspects. Fifth, visualization of author co-citation analysis indicates that researchers in molecular biology or genomics play a key role in connecting sub-disciplines of bioinformatics.     

Investigating the precision of linear dimension measurements

Conclusions It is necessary to oblige the Committee of Standards'laboratories and institutes to supervise systematically the level of errors in production measurements, to generalize the results thus obtained, and to provide industry with information on the accumulated data. It is necessary to improve the qualifications of the personnel engaged in measurements and, in raising the wage scales of workers, to consider without fail their metrological qualifications.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 33–34, May, 1968.     

Effective reformulations of the truss topology design problem

We present a new formulation of the truss topology problem that results in unique design and unique displacements of the optimal truss. This is reached by adding an upper level to the original optimization problem and formulating the new problem as an MPCC (Mathematical Program with Complementarity Constraints). We derive optimality conditions for this problem and present several techniques for its numerical solution. Finally, we compare two of these techniques on a series of numerical examples. This research was supported by BMBF project 03ZOM3ER and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic through grant No. A1075402.     

Investigating the noise of logarithmic voltage-to-code converters

Conclusions The output-code dispersion has a tendency to increase with a reduction of the input voltage.Within the input voltage range of 1–10 V, the dispersion varies in the limits of 0.3–0.7. If the maximum deviation of the code at the transducer's output is taken as 3, the error determined by the formula _rlt=3/t_max (t_max is the length of the entire transducer's scale) will amount to _rlt=2.1/10242%.Owing to the fact that at the gently-sloping segment of the exponential curve the nonlinearity becomes more pronounced with the reduction of the voltage quantum value, the distribution of the LVCC output noise passes smoothly from the normal to the logarithmically normal law.The LVCC under consideration is designed on the principle of the piecewise-exponential approximation and, therefore, the conclusion about the noise distribution according to the logarithmically normal law can be extended to all functional voltage-to-code transducers designed on that principle. In applying statistical processing of transformed-data sampling to functional pulse-time voltage-to-code transducer design on the principle of piecewise-exponential approximation it is necessary to bear in mind that the output-code distribution law is asymmetrical, and this means that the mode and median do not coincide (as a result of statistical processing, we obtain the median and not the mode which is a precise measure of the input voltage). This produces a systematic error A=Mo-Me. If the required precision is comparable to this quantity, it becomes necessary to take into account this systematic error.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 54–55, April, 1973.     

新型智能儿童安全盖的设计

针对目前儿童安全包装的现状,设计出一种新型智能儿童安全盖,结构简单,使用方便,加工成本低,克服了已有的儿童安全盖的缺点.     

Investigating the morphology of breaks in electroslag metal

We have investigated the effect of macrocoolers on the features exhibited by breaks in electroslag remelt metal specimens (ESR) caused to fail by impact bending at a temperature of +20°C. We have observed a considerable number of microspalls moving incident relative to the direction of the main crack. This provides a basis for the assumption that the micromechanism of brittle failure in which the principal crack merges with the submicrocrack moving toward it serves as one common for the ESR metal and ESR to which macrocoolers have been added.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 8, pp. 69–71, August, 1991.     

Investigating the temperatures of contact elements on separation

Solutions are presented for the heat-conduction equations of the liquid-bridge-solid system which is set up on separation of electrical contacts. The conditions are given for the selection of contact materials to ensure minimum erosion of one of the electrodes.