加载TEM喇叭天线的时域分析

TEM喇叭是一种超宽带天线,已广泛应用于瞬态电磁场的研究中.运用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对TEM喇叭天线的时域电磁特性进行了数值研究,比较了两种不同的加载方法对天线性能的影响,为TEM喇叭天线的设计和性能评估提供了参考价值.     

用于公路检测的超宽带横向电磁波喇叭天线

针对沥青路面层厚检测需求,设计了一种简单紧凑的超宽带横向电磁波(Transverse Electromagnetic,TEM)喇叭天线.相对于传统TEM喇叭天线的大尺寸设计,通过采用合理的指数渐变结构以及加载吸波材料,有效地减小了天线尺寸,极大地拓展了天线的阻抗带宽.仿真及测量结果表明:设计的TEM喇叭天线在0.83～12.8 GHz带宽内具有小于2的低电压驻波比,良好的辐射特性和较小的振铃,能够满足路用探地雷达系统要求.     

超宽带TEM喇叭天线的低频分离回路设计

在超宽带TEM喇叭天线的设计中,往往由于低频性能优化和天线小型化两者难以兼顾,而使得其应用受到限制。该文针对低频的反射问题,基于带通滤波器并联的设计思路,且区别于传统天线末端的低频反馈回路结构,提出在超宽带TEM喇叭天线馈电过渡结构上设计低频分离回路结构,减少低频分量在天线末端的反射,从而改善天线的低频性能。采用该设计思路,对一款超宽带TEM喇叭天线的结构进行改进并实现其优化设计。通过对比改进前后的天线性能,其阻抗带宽的低频降至0.1 GHz,拓展了12.5%,同时天线端口馈电效率提升10%,结果验证了该设计思路和方法对于超宽带TEM喇叭天线低频优化的有效性。最终,对阻抗特性以及该结构在不同频点下电流分布的分析,进一步证实新思路的可行性。     

不同参数超宽带反射面天线系统辐射特性

在超宽带反射面天线设计中,首要问题是馈电天线的方向图与反射器匹配。以往在频域上对反射面天线的研究发现,当馈源天线方向图给出约-11 dB的边缘照射时,反射面天线可实现其最佳性能。在参数化模拟了作为馈源的透射电子显微镜(TEM)喇叭天线方向图特性的基础上,根据反射面天线的频域设计准则,相应地加入合适的超宽带反射面天线,对其远场辐射特性进行模拟计算。为了获得尽可能大的远场辐射场,采用计算机仿真技术(CST)数值模拟软件,在0 GHz~1 GHz频率范围内模拟了以不同参数TEM喇叭天线作馈源的超宽带反射面天线的远场辐射特性,并在时域上对其结果进行分析。模拟结果表明,由于其相位中心的不确定性,作为馈源的TEM喇叭天线无法与反射面天线完全匹配,其沿着反射面天线主轴移动时产生的反射面口径场相位和幅度的变化影响着远场辐射场的变化,TEM喇叭天线的遮挡效应也不容忽视。     

一种末端加载型300MHz/1GHz双频车载超宽带探地雷达天线设计

为满足高速铁路无损探测需兼顾低频探测深度与高频探测精度的要求,采用理论计算与软件仿真结合的方法,设计制作了一种双频带(300MHz/1 GHz)指数型TEM喇叭天线并对其进行了测量。所设计的指数型TEM喇叭天线采用末端加载和适当天线臂切削来实现此超宽带天线的双频带工作。仿真与实测结果表明,天线分别工作在中心为360MHz、带宽约为110MHz的低频带和中心为1 020MHz、带宽约为260MHz的高频带,相对带宽均大于20%。实测天线的接收信号保真度较高,拖尾持续时间短,满足设计要求。此外,这种双频带天线系统可减少雷达系统天线和采样盒等设备的使用数量,降低雷达系统的成本,有较好工程应用前景。     

一种新型超宽带喇叭天线的研究

提出一种基于H波导的新型超宽带喇叭天线以减小一般的超宽带天线如TEM喇叭天线侧向泄漏较大的问题.先在理论上研究了H波导用作超宽带天线的可行性以及参数选择的依据,然后利用FDTD方法研究了同轴探针激励的H波导的时域传输特性和截断的H波导及喇叭的辐射特性,得出该天线可用于超宽带天线,尤其是该天线具有较小的侧向泄漏,使其可以用作天线阵的单元的结论.     

低频补偿TEM喇叭天线的仿真与测试

以超宽带窄脉冲辐射为应用背景,通过添加补偿回路并调整回路的大小,设计了一种具有低频补偿的超宽带TEM喇叭天线.利用FDTD方法对天线结构进行了仿真,分析了不同补偿回路大小时TEM喇叭天线的S11参数、相位特性、辐射带宽及前后向辐射场等参数,得到了在大于400 MHz频带范围内S11参数低于-10 dB的天线结构.制作天线原型,并进行了实际测试,频域S11参数测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合.通过对时域波形的分析可知,该天线具有较高的波形保真度.     

一种改进型超宽带喇叭天线

基于TEM喇叭天线的结构特点,用两根弯曲的窄带代替基本模型中的上板,设计了一种飘带喇叭天线。该设计不仅有效地提高了天线的低频利用率,并且实现了天线的轻量化。通过对飘带结构进行进一步改进,利用AnsoftHFSS仿真软件对模型进行了分析。结果表明,改进后的飘带喇叭天线不但有较好的超宽带性能,而且其辐射性能也有了较大提高。...     

瞬时超宽带TEM加脊喇叭的时域特性研究

根据瞬时超宽带天线的时域特点,仿真设计了一款超宽带TEM加脊喇叭天线,并对其频域和时域特性进行了初步研究,在频域内实现了3 GHz～18 GHz的超大带宽。在时域内进行了单个喇叭天线的时域信号测试,包括辐射的时域波形和峰峰值方向图。对该类天线的时域特性有了一定的认识。     

一种电阻加载的超宽带TEM 喇叭天线

设计了一种基于电阻加载的超宽带TEM 喇叭天线。该天线由两片平滑渐变的金属曲面组成,通过在 馈电端引入微带渐变馈电结构便于同轴线馈电,同时在天线辐射片末端引入电阻加载技术消除天线口面与自由空 间失配引起的反射波能量,有效地改善低频特性,拓展带宽。在理论分析的基础上设计并制作了一副天线样机,实 验测试表明:在0. 1-5GHz 频率范围内,VSWR<2。该天线具有约50:1 的阻抗带宽,并且在0. 75-5GHz 频率范围内 具有良好传输特性。     

RC-loaded bow-tie antenna for improved pulse radiation

In this paper, a loading technique for improving pulse radiation from bow-tie antennas is introduced. This technique allows transmission of short transient pulses with very small late-time ringing and relatively high radiation efficiency. It makes use of a combination of a constant resistive loading along the antenna and a capacitive loading with linearly increasing reactance toward the antenna ends. The constant resistive loading is applied using volumetric microwave absorbers to cover one side of the antenna and the linear capacitive loading is realized by constructing narrow slots on the antenna surface. Relatively high radiation efficiency is achieved by choosing the location of the slot nearest to the feed point in such a way that radiation from it combines constructively with radiation from the feed point. Using a 0.8-ns monocycle for excitation, the technique results in a level of late-time ringing of lower than -40 dB and at the same time the peak value of the transmitted pulse is 54% higher than that of the same antenna without loading.     

FDTD分析探地雷达天线的辐射特性

探地雷达系统一般采用超宽带短脉冲信号,因而其天线系统必须具有较好的宽带性能。只有几种类型的宽带天线能够用于探地雷达系统中,如电阻加载的蝶形天线、TEM喇叭天线及其变形形式。本文将给出一种新型的探地雷达天线,该天线为置于镜像面上且具有离散指数电阻加载的单偶极子。文中将采用FDTD计算和分析该天线在自由空间和有耗媒质上方时的辐射特性。结果表明,通过选择一定的电阻加载形式,可使天线具有较好的辐射波形,从而能够满足实际探地雷达的需要。最后,通过地下目标散射场的理论结果和实验结果说明了本文所采用方法的正确性。     

Optimization of a conical antenna for pulse radiation: an efficientdesign using resistive loading

The conical monopole antenna with a section of continuous resistive loading is considered as a radiator for temporally short, broad-bandwidth pulses. The geometrical details of the coaxial feed and the resistive loading are varied to optimize this structure for pulse radiation. Compared with the perfectly conducting cone, the optimized resistive cone radiates a better reproduction of the pulse excitation with no loss in amplitude, and has internal reflections that are much smaller in amplitude. Graphical displays of the field surrounding the antenna are used to give insight into the physical processes for transient radiation from this antenna. Experimental models were constructed to verify the optimization and demonstrate the practicality of the design. Measurements of both the reflected voltage in the feed line and the time-varying radiated field are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations     

一种新型探地雷达天线的FDTD分析

探地雷达系统一般采用超宽带短脉冲信号,因而其天线系统也必须为宽带的。该文给出一种新型的探地雷达天线,该天线为置于镜像面上且具有离散指数电阻加载的单偶极子。通过FDTD法对该天线辐射特性的仿真计算表明,选择合适的电阻加载方式,可以消除由于天线末端阻抗不匹配而引起的二次反射,使天线具有较好的辐射波形和一定的带宽,从而满足实际探地雷达系统的需要。文中还分析了收发天线不同组合方式对直耦信号和目标回波信号的影响。     

Optimization of bow-tie antennas for pulse radiation

Resistively loaded bow-tie antennas are considered as radiators for temporally short, broad-bandwidth pulses. Analysis is by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The geometrical details of the antenna and the resistive loading along the antenna are chosen to optimize this antenna for pulse radiation. Theoretical results for the reflected voltage in the coaxial feed line and the time-varying radiated electric field are compared throughout with experimental measurements. The optimized, resistive bow-tie antenna is shown to radiate a pulse that more closely resembles that of the excitation than is radiated by a metallic bow tie of comparable size. Issues involving the use of the FDTD method for modeling fully three-dimensional antennas are also discussed. These issues include the use of a simple feed model and the staircasing of the edges of the antenna     

分布电阻加载天线电流分布的矩量法求解

为了展宽天线的工作频带，采用分布电阻加载法，在有限长的偶极天线上，完全实现行波电流分布。用矩量法解电流积分方程，求出天线上的电流分布，计算结果比Ｗｕ—Ｋｉｎｇ的近似结果精度更高。     

A relatively short cylindrical broadband antenna with tapered resistive loading for picosecond pulse measurements

A relatively short cylindrical antenna with continuously tapered resistive loading has been studied for the purpose of picosecond pulse measurements. The antenna considered is a nonconducting cylinder with continuously deposited varying-conductivity resistive loading. The current distributions on the antenna were numerically calculated using the method of moments. Using these current distributions, other quantities such as input admittance, near-field and farfield radiation patterns, and radiation efficiency, were also numerically calculated and compared with the results using the Wu-King's approximate current distribution. Agreement is relatively good except at high frequencieskh > pi/2where the method of moments appears to give better results. To verify the theoretical results, several resistively loaded antennas were fabricated, and their picosecond pulse receiving characteristics were analyzed for the frequency range between 5 kHz and 5 GHz. The experimental results indicate excellent linear amplitude and phase response over the frequency range. This provides the unique capability of this antenna to measure fast time-varying electromagnetic fields with minimal pulse-shape distortion due to nonlinear amplitude or phase characteristics.     

探地雷达阻性加载天线的应用研究

阻性加载技术可以有效拓展天线带宽、降低时域振铃.该文以双纽线构成平面印制天线的辐射臂, 分析阻性加载对其频域和时域特性的影响.通过数值仿真, 讨论了天线在两种阻性加载方式下阻抗带宽和时域波形的变化.设计了一款指数型微带转平行双线的巴伦, 并对巴伦和天线进行了加工及测试.测量结果表明, 天线时域波形拖尾振铃小于10%;在0.8~6 GHz频带内, 天线单元回波损耗小于-10 dB.将天线与雷达收发系统集成后, 进行地下目标探测实验.雷达探测结果成像清晰、浅层目标分辨率较高.该天线具有超宽带、低振铃、紧支撑等特点, 可满足便携式探地雷达的工程化应用需求.     

Radiating dipole antenna with tapered impedance loading

The far-field radiated waveform and field pattern from a thin dipole antenna in the transmission line approximation are considered when the antenna is driven by a voltage generator of waveformV_{0}u(t), whereu(t)is the unit step function. The antenna is loaded with a tapered form of loading and is permitted to include reactance as well as resistance. Analytical and numerical solutions for the far-field pattern and waveform are discussed. In particular, the effects of parallel resistive and inductive loading are presented.