聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂的表面性能分析

合成了一系列不同聚合度的聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(HHL)型非离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱,核磁共振等仪器对其结构进行表征,用表面张力法对不同聚合度的合成产物的表面性能进行研究,并对不同聚合度的表面活性剂的物理化学参数进行理论分析。结果表明:三聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂较相应单体的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂,表面活性和吸附能力有较大的提升。     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷的合成及性能

以硬脂酸、单乙醇胺、环氧乙烷、葡萄糖为原料制备了不同环氧乙烷(EO)聚合度的硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚葡萄糖苷类非离子表面活性剂。该糖苷类表面活性剂在烷基和葡萄糖分子之间引入非离子表面活性剂中常见的亲水基团。通过IR和1HNMR对产物结构进行表征,并测试了该类表面活性剂的最低表面张力(γCMC)为30～38 mN/m,临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)为0.01～0.1 g/L。研究了EO聚合度(n)对产品表面物理化学性能的影响,随着n的增加,CMC、乳化性能、吸湿保湿性能均增加。不同聚合度的产物均有很好的泡沫性能和硬水稳定性。     

松香基聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠的合成及性能

以丙烯酸改性松香甘油酯为原料合成丙烯酸改性松香甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠(ARGEOS)阴离子表面活性剂。测定了产品的表面物理化学性能,系统研究了环氧乙烷(EO)聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。与有关松香基琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠进行比较,结果表明,所得产品是一种性能优良的表面活性剂。     

马来松香聚甘油酯的合成及性能研究

马来松香与聚甘油反应,合成了一种非离子表面活性剂马来松香聚甘油酯(PGMRE)。对产品结构进行了红外光谱分析,测定了产品的表面物理化学性能,合成产品临界表面张力为39 9mN/m～46 0mN/m,临界胶束浓度在9 4×10-4mol/L～2 3×10-3mol/L数量级,钙皂分散指数是9 0%～26 7%,与松节油之间的界面张力为8 0mN/m～13 9mN/m,对松节油乳化力为38s～100s,泡沫性能是11mm～65mm,润湿力为70s～102s。系统研究了甘油聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。并与聚甘油硬脂酸酯(PGSE)和聚甘油异硬脂酸酯(PGISE)的表面物理化学性能进行了比较。结果表明PGMRE是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂,可作为乳化剂、破乳剂和缓蚀剂等使用。     

丙烯海松酸甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚的合成及性能

合成了新的非离子表面活性剂丙烯海松酸甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚,研究丙烯海松酸与甘油的部分酯化及甘油酯与环氧乙烷的加成反应。适宜的反应条件为:丙烯海松酸与甘油反应温度260-270℃,用料摩尔比为1:3,反应时间5 h,催化剂ZnO用量为酸质量的0.08％;甘油酯与环氧乙烷的加成反应催化剂为KOH,用量为酯质量的0.7％-0.8％,温度150℃。测定了产物的表面物理化学性能,研究了环氧乙烷聚合度对产物表面物理化学性能的影响。     

不同EO链长油酸聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成及性能分析

以油酸聚氧乙烯醚(A-103、A-105、A-110)为原料,五氧化二磷为磷酸化试剂合成了油酸聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯。通过控制变量法确定了优化的工艺条件为n (油酸聚氧乙烯醚)∶n (五氧化二磷)=3∶1,于90℃下酯化反应4 h,水解1 h,总酯含量可高达97%。通过红外证明了产物结构。测定了产物的性能,与原料性能进行比较分析,发现产物的亲水性能更强,临界胶束浓度增大;烷基链相同时,EO数越大的样品,表面张力也越大;与原料相比,产物具有乳化性好、分散性好、泡沫稳定性好等优点。EO数为5的磷脂化产物乳化性能最佳,是一种优良的绿色表面活性剂。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(7)磺酸盐的合成及性能研究

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(7)、3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为原料,合成了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠表面活性剂。利用红外光谱仪对产物结构进行了表征,同时对目的产物的表面张力、抗温耐盐性以及乳化性能进行了测定。结果表明:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(7)磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度和表面张力较低,抗温耐盐性和乳化效果较好,适用于目前的采油环境。     

烷氧基化表面活性剂/凹凸棒土体系在福·克悬浮种衣剂中的应用

研究了烷氧基化表面活性剂/凹凸棒土体系用于20%福·克(福美双 克百威)玉米种衣剂中的悬浮性能。实验条件下,烷氧基化表面活性剂/凹凸棒土复合体系悬浮效果良好,凹凸棒土/壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚/烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸钠(质量比为3∶3∶2)与凹凸棒土/烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸钠(质量比为3∶1)悬浮率达到90%和73%,黏度变化率小于6%和9%,凹凸棒土/烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物硫酸钠(质量比为3∶1)在7、14d的析水体积只有0.25%、0.50%。结果表明,烷氧基化表面活性剂与凹凸棒土存在较强的相互作用,在膨胀性、悬浮性及黏度变化上优于对比的高分子、阴离子表面活性剂体系,且三元复合体系性能较二元体系更优。结合凹凸棒土资源优势,利用烷氧基化表面活性剂与之复合开发悬浮体系,有利于提高其综合利用率。     

羧化不对称聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯表面活性剂的合成及性能

以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚10(TX-10)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚9(LE9)、马来酸酐(MAH)和富马酸(FA)为原料经3步合成了羧化不对称聚氧乙烯醚改性Gemini表面活性剂。最佳工艺条件为:①n(TX-10)∶n(MAH)=1.00∶1.00,于120℃,2%(相对于MAH)对甲苯磺酸(TsOH)催化下反应4.5 h,得酯化率为100%的聚氧乙烯醚马来酸单酯;②n(LE9)∶n(MAH)=1.00∶1.00,于210℃,3%(相对于MAH)TsOH催化下反应5.0 h,得酯化率为88.3%的双酯化产物;③n(FA)∶n(MAH)=2.00∶1.00,130℃反应5 h,得最终产物羧化不对称聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯,并测定了产物的性能。     

几种表面活性剂在乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能研究

研究了几种典型表面活性剂(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠AE_3S、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-9、烷基糖苷APG-1214、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱CAB、有机硅表面活性剂FC-7160)在纯水溶液和50%乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能。结果表明,只有有机硅表面活性剂可以在50%乙醇溶液里起泡。通过测定平衡表面张力发现只有有机硅表面活性剂可以降低50%乙醇溶液的表面张力,而在加入碳氢表面活性剂后,乙醇溶液的表面张力没有变化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。