同时实现并网发电和电网无功功率补偿的一体化方法

一种同时实现并网发电和电网无功功率补偿的一体化方法。属于太阳能发电与电力电子技术领域。本发明方法基于瞬时无功功率理论，采用park变换将三相逆变器输出电流变换到旋转dq坐标上，实现对有功电流和无功电流的分离，通过分别控制有功电流和无功电流的大小和方向即实现将光伏电池的直流电变换成交流电，同时对本地电网进行无功功率补偿，当光伏电池有足够能量输出时，光伏并网发电和无功补偿同时实现，当光伏电池停止输出时，逆变器单独对电网进行无功补偿。本发明能够将光伏阵列输出的直流电通过逆变器变送到三相380V交流电网上，同时还能够对本地电网上其他的无功负载实现一定量的无功补偿，改善电网电能质量。     

具有APF功能的光伏并网发电系统的研究

探讨了一种具有有源滤波器功能的光伏并网发电系统。该系统白天可有效地进行光伏并网发电,还可补偿或抑制本地非线性负载产生的无功和谐波,夜晚系统仍可作为APF继续工作。相对于单独的光伏并网系统,它不但提高了设备利用率,也改善了电网的供电质量。文章分析了系统的结构组成,还采用了具有较好鲁棒性和动态响应速度的、基于瞬时无功理论的闭环无功和谐波电流检测的方法,分析了并网电流的合成及其跟踪控制。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行了仿真,验证了系统的可行性。     

基于分区控制的光伏并网发电运行研究

具有无功补偿功能的光伏并网发电对改善电网电压分布、降低网损及提高电网末端地区的供电质量、节省无功补偿设备投资具有重要作用。提出分区控制的思想用于光伏并网功率调节控制,给出了区域划分的基本原则,详细分析了光伏并网发电系统的运行区域及耦合电感的选择等问题,讨论了当光照条件不变时并网点电压变化对分区运行点的影响,并提出基于全微分思想的修正方法。通过算例模拟了分区控制的过程,结果表明,所提光伏发电系统并网后对配电网电压水平具有显著的改善作用,验证了分区控制方法的有效性。     

基于电压补偿的定直流电压及无功控制的光伏系统

在光伏并网运行中,当电网电压不平衡时会导致电压、电流等的波动,从而影响电网电能质量及系统的稳定性。结合电压补偿控制等环节,提出了一种基于电压补偿控制的定直流电压、无功控制策略,将采集到的正、负序电压经电压补偿控制环节得到电压的不平衡系数,对电网电压的不平衡度进行补偿,并引入负序电流抑制环节。在PSCAD中分别设计搭建了改进前后的仿真模型,并对光伏并网发电系统的动态变化特性进行研究。仿真结果表明,在光照强度和温度阶跃扰动下,系统能够迅速做出响应并工作于最大功率点处,电压及电流波动幅度减小,电网电能质量得到明显改善,验证了MPPT算法及改进后控制策略的准确性及有效性。     

基于双二阶广义积分锁频环的光伏并网发电系统仿真研究

电网不对称故障时,光伏发电系统中的负序分量和谐波分量会影响并网逆变器中的锁相环及控制算法。文章提出一种具有自适应滤波的双二阶广义积分锁频环技术,用于电网电压和并网电流正负序分量的提取以及电网电压同步信号的检测,并将该技术引入到正负序双电流环控制策略,通过优化不平衡控制策略中锁相环的方法,提升光伏并网逆变器整个控制系统应对电网不对称故障的能力。通过Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建基于DSOGI-FLL锁频环的光伏并网发电系统模型并进行了仿真研究,结果表明,文章控制策略在电网不对称故障时有助于消除有功功率的2倍频波动以及抑制并网电流中的谐波分量。     

柔性并网光储系统的设计与实现

为实现主动配电网中清洁能源对电网的支撑和调节功能,设计并开发一种柔性并网光储系统。系统上位机实现顶层控制策略,确定系统参与配电网优化运行的最优有功、无功出力,实现光储系统友好接入电网。系统能量变换单元由光伏DC/DC变换器、储能双向DC/DC变换器和DC/AC变换器3部分组成,其中光伏DC/DC实现升压功能和最大功率点跟踪(MPPT),储能双向DC/DC实现功率可控的充放电,使系统并网有功为参与配电网优化运行的最优有功功率。DC/AC变换器稳定直流母线电压,实现有功、无功最优并网,同时检测负载电流,实现谐波补偿。基于配电网动态模拟系统构建实验平台,测试结果验证柔性并网光储系统工作的有效性和可行性,为高渗透率并网光储系统的工程应用奠定基础。     

光伏发电系统输出功率特性分析及其平滑控制研究

为解决光伏发电系统受光照、温度等外部环境因素影响大、输出功率波动频繁以及并网电流谐波含量大等问题,在分析光伏并网发电系统输出功率特性的基础上,提出一种基于蓄电池和超级电容复合储能的并网功率平滑控制策略。详细分析不同光照、温度环境下系统输出功率的特性及其对电网的影响,给出复合储能型光伏并网发电系统的实现方案,并提出改进的系统并网控制方法,实现系统并网功率高、低频波动分量的平滑控制。仿真结果表明:该控制策略能有效平抑系统输出功率波动,同时降低并网电流的谐波含量。     

光伏逆变器无功调节能力分析与控制策略研究

通过建立光伏逆变器接入配电网稳态分析模型,以接入点运行电压、最大运行电流和SPWM调制控制条件为约束,分析了不同工况下逆变器的无功调节能力。构建接入配电网运行时面向电网电压调整的无功功率控制策略,该策略以控制接入点电压为目标,逆变器通过补偿系统需求的无功对电压进行支撑。构建分布式光伏接入配电网应对配电网负荷变化和光伏注入功率变化引起的电压无功调整仿真实验,验证了该策略的有效性。     

光伏并网与电能质量治理统一控制

为提高光伏并网系统利用率,并使其具备主动参与电网电能质量治理的能力,提出一种协调并网发电与网侧电能质量治理的统一控制策略。研究基于光伏组件出力的运行模式切换与直流侧电压控制方法,提出基于无功/谐波优先级的逆变器容量分配和指令电流合成策略。设计并研制基于FPGA+RT架构的并网控制器,构建DC/AC单级结构的光伏并网实验系统。实验验证统一控制策略的可行性和有效性,为分布式光伏电源可定制电能并网发电提供基础。     

光伏并网逆变器的设计与控制

光伏并网发电具有广泛的应用前景,叙述了并网逆变器在光伏并网发电中所起的作用以及不同逆变器的特点,指出,光伏并网逆变器的技术关键在于对电流和功率的控制。     

不平衡电网电压下T型三电平光伏并网逆变器的有限集模型预测控制

为实现电网电压不平衡时对T型三电平光伏并网系统输出功率和电流质量的控制,以达到入网功率平稳或电流正弦为控制目标,结合光伏阵列输出功率前馈,在两相静止坐标系下提出一种直流母线电压外环PI控制、并网电流内环有限集模型预测控制的控制策略,并在电压外环中引入2倍频陷波器以获得平滑的入网功率参考值。仿真结果表明:当电网电压不对称时,采用所提控制策略能够实现对入网有功、无功功率2倍频脉动及负序电流的分别抑制或协调控制,且并网电流谐波畸变小、入网电能质量高,同时实现T型三电平逆变器的中点电位平衡。     

Power conditioning system for grid-connected photovoltaic system

This study develops a new control strategy for an expandable grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed system performs dual functions of a PV generation and an active power filter, or either one. To this end, the grid current, instead of output current of the converter, is shaped to be a sinusoidal current in phase (or opposite phase) with the grid voltage. Furthermore, its reference current is generated in multiplying the voltage loop controller output by the grid voltage waveform, and therefore non-active components analysis for harmonics elimination and reactive power compensation in the conventional design is not necessary. As a result, the algorithm is simple and easy to implement, and only one sensor for current detection plus two voltage sensors are required. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Modified MPPT Method and Reactive Power Compensation

Single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have advantages such as simple topology, high efficiency, etc. However, since all the control objectives such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), synchronization with the utility voltage, and harmonics reduction for output current need to be considered simultaneously, the complexity of the control scheme is much increased. This paper presents the implementation of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system. In addition to realize the aforementioned control objectives, the proposed control can also remarkably improve the stability of the MPPT method with a modified incremental conductance MPPT method. The reactive power compensation for local load is also realized, so as to alleviate grid burden. A DSP is employed to implement the proposed MPPT controller and reactive power compensation unit. Simulation and experimental results show the high stability and high efficiency of this single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system.     

基于分频控制的微电网储能变流器并网电能质量主动控制策略

阐述了基于锁相环误差补偿的谐波无功电流检测及多目标电流的生成方法,并提出一种基于分频控制的微电网并网电流电能质量主动提升控制策略,结合比例谐振(PR)控制器所具有的频率选址特性,实现了对特定次频率分量的零稳态误差控制,利用储能交流器(PCS)剩余容量快速并精确的选择性补偿谐波和无功电流,在此基础上,PCS模糊PR控制根据模糊规则表在线调整并整定了PR比例和积分参数,进而有效实现了对PCS的分频控制,提高了对电能质量治理的响应速度和控制精度,最后,搭建含储能装置的微电网并网运行平台开展相关实验测试,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

This paper deals with the analysis and control of a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the main supply through a Boost converter and shunt active filter supplied by a PV system providing continuous supply of nonlinear load in variation. A robust control of a PV system connected to the grid while feeding a variable nonlinear load is developed and highlighted. This development is based on the control of the Boost converter to extract the maximum power from the PV system using the Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm in the presence of temperature and illumination. The proposed modeling and control strategy provide power to the variable nonlinear load and facilitates the transfer of power from solar panel to the grid while improving the quality of energy (harmonic currents compensation, power factor compensation and dc bus voltage regulation). Validation of the developed model and control strategy is conducted using power system simulator Sim-Power System Blockset Matlab/Simulink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the shunt active filter to load changes, the method of instantaneous power (pq theory) is used to identify harmonic currents. The obtained results show an accurate extraction of harmonic currents and perfect compensation of both reactive power and harmonic currents with a lower THD and in accordance with the IEEE-519 standard.     

并联型有源电力滤波器的Matlab仿真研究

有源电力滤波器用于动态谐波抑制和无功补偿,可以有效地改善电网质量,其主要由谐波电流检测和谐波补偿两部分组成。详细分析了并联型有源电力滤波器的结构及工作原理,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的ip-iq谐波电流检测方法和三角载波电流跟踪控制方法,利用Matlab软件的Simulink模块对有源滤波器进行了系统建模,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,仿真模型能够实时检测系统中所含谐波电流,并进行补偿,可以很好地起到动态抑制电网谐波的效果。     

Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network based reactive power control for grid-connected three-phase PV system during grid faults

This study presents a reactive power controller using Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network (PWFNN) for grid-connected three-phase PhotoVoltaic (PV) system during grid faults. The controller also considers the ratio of the injected reactive current to meet the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) regulation. Moreover, the balance of the active power between the PV panel and the grid-connected inverter during grid faults is controlled by the dc-link bus voltage. Furthermore, to reduce the risk of over-current during LVRT operation, a current limit is predefined for the injection of reactive current. The main contribution of this study is the introduction of the PWFNN controller for reactive and active power control that provides LVRT operation with power balance under various grid fault conditions. Finally, some experimental tests are realized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Power quality improvement of solar photovoltaic transformer-less grid-connected system with maximum power point tracking control

This paper presents a transformer-less single-stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with active reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in the reactive power generation mode, which powers control circuitry and maintains regulated DC voltage. Control scheme has been implemented so that the grid-connected converter continuously serves local load. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been implemented at maximum power which performs power quality control by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid-injected current under varying environmental conditions. Standards (IEEE-519/1547) stipulates that current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation (DG) source. MPPT tracks actual variable DC link voltage while deriving maximum power from PV array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing the converter modulation index. Simulation results with the PV model and MPPT technique validations demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.     

UPEC 2002 Preview

Using a shunt active power filter (SAPF) has been proved as an effective method to compensate reactive power and to mitigate harmonic currents of nonlinear loads. When designing a SAPF, it is crucial to generate reference currents for determining actual compensating current injections to the point of common coupling. In contrast to the conventional instantaneous reactive power theory, which needs coordinate transformations, the new method proposed in this letter is to determine reference compensating currents based on the balance of the instantaneous reactive and active power generated in the SAPF. It is shown that the proposed method is suitable for reactive and harmonic power compensation by using a SAPF In addition, to maintain the sinusoidal source currents this method also eliminates the need for installing energy storage devices for reactive power compensation as well as the DC source for the harmonic compensation in the active power filter. Therefore, a simpler design of the SAPF with minimal line losses can be expected.