发泡用高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,在同向双螺杆挤出机上对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷交联,制备了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),然后制得高发泡倍率的PP制品.实验对改性PP的熔体强度、力学性能、热性能和发泡性能进行了表征.结果表明:自制HMSPP的熔体强度是纯PP的5.01倍,力学性能和耐热性与纯PP相比均有较大提高,可用于成型高发泡倍率制品.     

用于发泡成型的高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

在同向双螺杆挤出机上,对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷交联,制得高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),然后制备高发泡倍率的PP制品。分析了改性剂用量对PP熔体流动速率、熔体黏度、熔体强度、凝胶含量、力学性能、热性能和发泡性能的影响。结果表明:自制HMSPP的熔体强度和熔体黏度分别是纯PP的5.01倍和1.52倍,力学性能和耐热性与纯PP相比均有较大提高,可用于成型高发泡倍率制品。     

组合发泡剂对聚丙烯发泡行为的影响研究

采用物理发泡剂和化学发泡剂的组合发泡剂对聚丙烯(PP)和高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)在自制的单螺杆串联单螺杆挤出发泡机组上进行挤出发泡试验。通过真密度计/开闭孔率测定仪和扫描电子显微镜对发泡制品的密度、发泡倍率和泡孔形态进行测试。研究结果表明,采用组合发泡剂后,大部分PP和HMSPP发泡制品的泡孔密度提高,发泡倍率增加,泡孔尺寸分布更加均匀,泡体结构优于单独使用物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂的发泡制品。     

PP/GF/EPDM微发泡复合材料制备及性能研究

通过微发泡注塑成型制备了聚丙烯/玻纤/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/GF/EPDM)复合材料,并研究了EPDM对微孔发泡PP/GF/EPDM复合材料微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着EPDM用量的增加,泡孔直径呈先变小后变大、泡孔密度呈先变大后变小的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,微发泡制品的微观形态最好。同时,随着EPDM用量的增加,微发泡制品的拉伸强度有所降低,而冲击强度有所提高,且拉伸强度和冲击强度下降比值均呈先减小后增大的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,强度下降比值最小。此时PP/GF/EPDM微发泡制品的综合性能最好,其多项性能指标优于纯PP微发泡制品,达到了增强增韧的预期目的。     

聚丙烯高发泡材料

为提高聚丙烯(PP)的熔体强度,改善PP的发泡性能,用双螺杆挤出机对PP进行硅烷交联改性,制备出了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)后,进行了模压法发泡的研究.结果表明:HMSPP随着引发剂含量的增加,改性PP的熔体强度提高;PP发泡材料的密度降低至0.118 g/cm3.发泡剂AC的用量及成核剂的含量对发泡材料的表观密度有很大影响,当发泡剂含量为2.5份、成核剂含量为1份时,得到的PP发泡板材密度降低,发泡倍率增大,泡孔均匀致密,力学性能较好.     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的研制

用过氧化物引发聚丙烯(PP)交联制备高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),研究了过氧化物的用量、反应温度、螺杆转速对HMSPP性能的影响。得到的HMSPP比普通PP的熔体强度提高约3倍。用所研制的HMSPP进行发泡实验,制得泡孔结构较均匀且闭孔的发泡制品。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究与应用现状

普通聚丙烯(PP)由于熔体强度低和加工温度范围窄,在热成型、挤出涂布和挤出发泡等领域应用受到限制。高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)具有较高的熔体强度,使聚丙烯可以在通用设备上熔相热成型、挤出发泡、挤出涂布,从而拓宽了PP应用领域。文章综述了国内外高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究进展和应用现状。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯的发泡性能研究

通过反应挤出法对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷接枝交联改性获得高熔体强度PP(HMSPP),并对HMSPP的发泡性能及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,HMSPP具有良好的发泡性能,可以制备出高质量泡沫材料;随着HMSPP的熔体流动速率的降低,泡沫材料的密度和泡孔平均直径降低;随着HMSPP用量减少,HMSPP/PP泡沫材料的泡孔平均直径和密度增大,泡孔尺寸及分布的不均匀程度增加;发泡条件对泡沫结构具有一定的影响,最佳的发泡温度为185~190℃,螺杆转速为40~100r/min;随着口模厚度的增加,泡孔平均直径增加,材料密度下降,而材料内外层泡孔直径不均匀性增加。     

GF增强母粒对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用熔融共混挤出的方法制备了A、B两种玻璃纤维(GF)增强母粒。将两种母粒与自制发泡母粒、助剂母粒按一定比例混合,在二次开模条件下制备了PP/GF复合微发泡材料,研究了两种GF增强母粒对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响,同时还探讨了结晶行为对微发泡复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:A母粒制备的微发泡PP/GF复合材料性能优于B母粒,在GF含量为30%时,A母粒制备的微发泡复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为55.72 MPa、7.58 kJ/m2,与B母粒制备的发泡PP/GF复合材料比较,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了9.97 MPa、1.1 kJ/m2。     

聚丙烯挤出发泡材料的研究

采用挤出成型工艺,研究了发泡剂、高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)的用量以及成核剂的种类和用量对聚丙烯的挤出发泡材料性能的影响.结果表明:当发泡体系中偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为3.0份、HMSPP为15.0份、碳酸钙为2.5份时,螺杆转速为150 r/min,口模温度为175℃的工艺条件下制得的聚丙烯发泡样条密度较低、泡孔结构规整且具有比较理想的力学性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.