相变薄膜热物性对电子设备热控的影响

相变热控技术是被动热控的重要方法之一。文中对利用柔性相变薄膜材料进行电子设备热控进行了实验研究和数值模拟,获得了相变材料热物性参数和结构参数对热控性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,相变材料的比热容和相变潜热对热控性能的影响较小,材料的热导率、厚度以及来自芯片的热流密度和热源面积因子对热控有较大影响;当系统达到热平衡时,热源中心温度与相变材料热导率、厚度以及热源面积因子成负相关,与热流密度成正相关。     

小型水下作业设备相变热控技术研究

小型水下作业设备在海洋资源探测与利用领域扮演着重要角色。随着水下作业设备不断向多功能、智能化、长续航和大深度方向发展,设备内部功率元器件不断增多,散热问题日益严峻。文中提出了一种小型水下作业设备储热模块,采用相变材料被动吸热方式对设备内部发热元器件进行散热。研究了典型热功率条件下相变储热模块的热控性能,并对比了不同类型相变材料的热控效果。结果表明：相比于原有的自然冷却方式,低熔点金属镓相变储热模块可显著抑制热源的温升,将设备的正常工作时间有效延长至原来的2.7倍,起到良好的热防护作用;而有机相变材料因其传热性能差,反而阻碍了热量向外壳传递,恶化了设备的散热性能。文中提出的相变热控模块具有零功耗、储热密度大、工作性能稳定等特点。利用设备原有的壳体空间填充相变材料,不额外增加体积,不影响设备内部空间,可实现相变吸热和自然冷却耦合并行散热,有效防止设备内部器件或设备发生过热损坏,为水下无人作业设备持续、安全、稳定、高效工作提供热防护保障。     

一种相变热沉的参数化影响分析

电子技术迅猛发展导致电子器件功耗越来越高,在短周期工作情况下需要对产生的热进行储存以保证电子器件的安全。常规金属热沉由于重量大储热能力有限,因此基于相变材料特性的相变热沉被广泛采用。现针对一种针肋式相变热沉进行参数化分析,研究表明最优的多孔介质的孔径尺度是与孔隙率基本呈线性变化的关系,为设计的合理性优化提供了依据。     

雷达电子机箱的热分析及优化设计

雷达电子机箱热控性能的好坏直接影响其工作性能与寿命。某型号雷达的机箱由于使用环境改变,使用条件限制,无法采用原来的强迫风冷方式冷却,因此,需对机箱冷却方式做变更。对该型号雷达机箱热控做优化改进方案,确定了在局部热点区域采用热管(均温板)提高热传导能力、将机箱壳体与散热翅片材料更换为导热性能更高的铝材、优化散热翅片参数的优化设计方法,确保优化后的冷却方案满足雷达电子机箱的热设计指标要求。     

采用低熔点液态金属工质散热的热沉传热数值模拟

为研究低熔点液态金属散热工质的强化散热机理,针对芯片散热,对热沉内低熔点液态金属镓以及水分别作为散热工质时的层流传热性能分别进行数值模拟,比较分析热沉流道长度、直径、Re数及工质导热系数对热沉散热性能的影响.结果表明,以镓为工质时,芯片温度受流道长度变化的影响较小,随流道直径、Re数的增加而降低:仅在流道长度小于临界长度的较短范围内具有比水更好的冷却效果,且临界长度随Re数的增加而增大;工质导热系数越大,芯片温度降低的程度越来越小.研究结果为合理设计液态金属散热系统提供理论基础.     

平直翅片热管散热器的正交数值模拟优化

文中以平直翅片热管散热器为研究对象,研究了翅片厚度、翅片间距、翅片高度、翅片宽度和热管直径 5 个结构参数对翅片换热性能和阻力特性的影响,采用正交实验设计的方法设计了上述结构参数的 15 个组合方案,利用 CFD 数值模拟的方法对每个组合方案下翅片的流动换热性能进行了模拟。以努塞尔数 Nu 、阻力系数f、传热性能综合评价指标(Performance Evaluation Criteria, PEC)作为评价指标,在每个评价指标下利用极差分析挑选出性能最优的组合方案。 该方法能快速获得散热器结构的优化方案,并分析出主要影响因素,对工程应用有一定的指导意义。 结果表明:影响 Nu 和 f 的最主要因素是热管直径,影响 PEC 的最主要因素是翅片厚度。 对于本文研究的散热器,其最优参数组合方案为:翅片厚度为 0. 6 mm,翅片间距为 2. 2 mm,热管直径为 6 mm,翅片高度为 65 mm,翅片宽度为 28 mm。     

钨镍共掺杂V2O5薄膜的光电特性研究

利用溶胶–凝胶旋涂法和后退火工艺在FTO导电玻璃上制备了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜,研究了薄膜在不同温度和不同偏压下的光电特性和相变特性。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS） 测试了钨镍共掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和组分,分析了不同钨镍共掺杂浓度对V₂O₅薄膜相变光电特性的影响。结果表明,当钨和镍的掺杂质量分数分别为3 %和1.5 %时,钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜的相变温度为218.5 ℃,在可见光范围内有较高的透过率,在近红外1310 nm波长处的光学透过率达48.83%,与未掺杂V₂O₅薄膜的光学透过率相比提高了10.29%,薄膜电阻降低了30.53%,热致回线宽度收窄为15 ℃,说明钨镍共掺杂的V₂O₅薄膜具有良好的可逆相变光电特性,有望在新型光电器件领域得到较好的应用。     

高功率LED太阳花式热沉的散热模拟与验证

基于传热理论,研究LED工矿灯冷却模块在自然对流下的散热性能。以降低芯片结温为目的并保证芯片结温在允许范围内,通过数值仿真对太阳花式热沉的结构进行优化。采用控制变量法分析翅片厚度、翅片个数、翅片高度以及空心圆柱厚度对散热的影响。研究结果表明:当太阳花式热沉的翅片厚度为1.2mm,翅片个数为53,翅片高度为62.5mm,空心圆柱厚度为1.5mm时达到最佳散热效果,且仿真结果与实验数据基本一致,验证了该优化方案的可行性。     

石墨烯热电器件栅控特性研究

为了获得一种稳定可控的能源,提出一种栅控石墨烯热电器件。通过对石墨烯通道的载流子输运机理的分析,获得了温度和栅压对通道电阻的影响。依据半经典Mott公式推导了石墨烯塞贝克系数的表达式,同时给出了石墨烯的电导率和热导率模型。最后通过有限元分析(FEA)建模获得不同栅压条件下的器件温度,当栅极电压V_B=0 V时,石墨烯热电器件热端和冷端温度差为30 K;当V_B=6 V时,最大温差达到50 K;当V_B=30 V时,最小温差只有10 K。结果表明,栅压对热电器件的性能有明显的调控性。该研究可为石墨烯热电器件的设计提供理论参考。     

二维多孔材料散热器的热分析及结构优化

为了改善散热性能,文中对某家电产品中PCB 板上的散热器进行了热分析及结构优化,在翅片散热器热分析的基础上,对2 种二维多孔材料散热器进行了热分析,对比了3 种散热器的散热性能。研究表明:在强迫对流散热条件下,与翅片散热器相比较,二维多孔材料散热器的散热性能更好;六边形多孔材料散热器比矩形多孔材料散热器的散热性能要好,同时更有利于实现结构的轻量化要求,降低材料成本,提高产品利润。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.