首届中国清洁技术投融资峰会在北京举行

随着中国经济的飞速发展,能源短缺,环境污染等问题日益严重.欧美等发达国家早已开始着手解决这些问题,每年都有大量来自于政府、企业和风险投资的资金用于清洁技术的研究与应用.根据道琼斯数据显示,2007年在清洁技术领域,全球共发生了221项投资案例,投资总额达30亿美元,比2006年增长了43%.     

中国科技部长万钢获国际氢能大奖

第十七届世界国际氢能大会于2008年6月15日～19日在澳大利亚布里斯班市举行,来自全世界44个国家的600余位代表聚集一堂,讨论当代氧能技术和发展趋势.     

Experimental Investigation on the Adiabatic Film Effectiveness for Counter-Inclined Simple and Laid-Back Film-Holes of Leading Edge

The adiabatic film effectivenessηof the counter-inclined film-holes fed by varying internal coolant intake on the turbine vane leading edge model was experimentally investigated.A semi-cylinder model was adopted to model the vane leading edge which was arranged with two-row holes,which located at±15°on both sides.The four Leading edge model with the combinations of hole-shape(simple holes and laid-back holes)and intake structure(plenum and impingement)were tested under four blowing ratios M of 0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0.Theηcontours were obtained by the transient measurement technique based on double thermochromic liquid-crystals.The results present that theηis sensitive to the M for the four studied leading edge cases.The addition of impingement enhances theηfor the two studied holes.The film jets make the coolant-flow closed to the target surface,resulting in higherηunder lower M.The core with higherηappears in the downstream area of hole-exit.Theηenhancement can be provided to almost the identical level by adding the impingement-holes and improving the hole-exit shaping in most areas.With increasing M,the jets with stronger exit normal momentum penetrate into the main-flow.The impingement addition may be a more effective program to upgrade theηrelatively to the exit shaping under larger M.Besides,the laid-back holes with impingement case produce the highest film cooling performance among the four cases,providing great potential in the leading edge especially under larger M.     

国家发展改革委、财政部、国家电监会要求各地限期全面落实差别电价政策

经国务院批准,国家发展改革委、财政部、国家电监会近日联合下发了《关于进一步贯彻落实差别电价政策有关问题的通知》(以下简称《通知》),要求各地限期全面落实差别电价政策.     

热泵辅助太阳能中央热水系统年运行特性研究

提出采用热泵来取代传统的电加热器,构成热泵辅助太阳能中央热水系统,可有效地降低能源消耗.结合2005年西安地区气象数据,建立了合适的数学模型,并用现有的试验数据对模型进行了校准,通过模型模拟了该年热泵辅助和电辅助太阳能中央热水系统的性能系数,输入功耗,出水温度等运行参数,并对两者进行了对比.     

第二讲认识太阳利用太阳

一、太阳与太阳能 众所周知,在浩翰的宇宙中有一颗离我们最近的恒星--太阳.现代科学表明太阳距离我们相当遥远,达到1.5亿km,虽然太阳光的传播速度为30万km/s,但我们在地球上所见到的光线已经是8min之前从太阳发出的光线了.太阳的直径为139万km,而地球直径仅为1.27万km,太阳的直径约为地球直径的109倍,其体积则比地球大130多万倍.尽管如此,由于距离遥远,太阳张角仅仅为32′.     

Numerical Study of Convective and Radiation Heat Transfer Characteristics in an Upward-Facing Cylindrical Cavity under Back-Side Windy Condition

Under the back-side windy condition,the convection and radiation heat transfer characteristics in an iso-flux upward-facing cylindrical cavity were studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation.The impacts of cavity tilt angle,wind incident angle and wind speed on convection and radiation heat transfer Nusselt number Nuc and Nur were analyzed,and the possible explanations for their impacts were presented.Results show that due to the disturbance of wind,the influence of cavity tilt angle becomes more complicated and is related to wind incident angle and wind speed.The variation of Nuc or Nur with wind incident angle is different for different cavity tilt angles.Despite of the changes of cavity tilt angle or wind incident angle,the Nuc increases with the wind speed while the Nur presents a declination with the increasing of wind speed.Hence,compared with cavity tilt angle and wind incident angle,wind speed may be the dominant factor affecting or controlling the convective and radiation heat transfer of cavity.     

担当

<正>6月30日,当中国政府将《强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献》提交给联合国气候变化框架公约秘书处后,全世界都为中国的决定而侧目。中国设定了一个宏大的减排目标,振奋了各国应对气候变暖的神经。潘基文在声明中称赞中国提出的方案为在巴黎气候变化大会上增加动力、增强互信起到了积极推动作用;联合国秘书长副发言人哈克表示,中国提交自主贡献文件,为巴黎气候大会达成新的气候变化协议注入了动力,     

太阳能干燥系列讲座(1)太阳能干燥——太阳能热利用中不可忽视的领域

一物料干燥的能耗与环境污染 干燥作业涉及国民经济的广泛领域,是许多行业不可缺少的工序.在粮食、食品、果品、药材、木材、皮革、橡胶和陶瓷等许多产品的加工处理过程中,干燥作业对产品的质量和成本影响很大.     

户用小型风力发电系统现状与发展(上)

<中华人民共和国可再生能源法>已于2005年2月28日在全国人大第11届第14次会议上通过,并将于2006年1月1日起施行,该法的颁布和实施,给小型风力发电行业的发展带来希望和光明,也必将大大促进农村能源的发展,户用风力发电产业也将会更上一层楼,前景看好.     

船舶成套管路及附属设备抗冲击性能评估研究

为充分反映出船舶管路的整体应力分布和周向应力应变的变化情况,采用壳单元建立管路有限元模型,并考虑法兰、阀门、仪表等管路附件以及吊支架对管路抗冲击性能的影响;根据BV规范对冲击能量进行转换,得出两种不同的时域曲线作为冲击载荷,对比分析了不同冲击载荷对计算结果的影响;最后对成套管路的冲击响应结果进行分析,综合评估了其整体抗冲击性能,指出成套管路的抗冲击薄弱环节。     

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules energy storage materials with carbon nanotube modified

将碳纳米管加入以硬脂酸丁酯作为囊芯的材料,脲醛树脂作为囊壁材料的原位聚合微胶囊体系,合成具有储热性能的碳纳米管微胶囊材料,研究了微胶囊技术与碳纳米管技术对硬脂酸丁酯相变材料储热性能的影响.采用扫描电镜观察样品表面形貌与分布,傅里叶红外光谱仪对样品进行结构表征,采用差式量热扫描仪对样品进行热性能分析,采用Hotdisk热物性分析测试仪对样品的导热系数进行测量.结果表明,碳纳米管均匀分散在囊芯硬脂酸丁酯中,提高了该材料的相变潜热和导热特性.制成的微胶囊呈球形,完整包覆了硬脂酸丁酯碳纳米管复合材料,提高了相变材料的热稳定性.碳纳米管复合材料的热物性能和储热性能与碳纳米管的分散方法,尺寸和品质,甚至测量方法和仪器有关系,本实验结果对所采用的相变材料和碳纳米管的相关作用进行了研究,提供了这方面的实验数据.     

空间太阳集热器完善性及(火用)效率分析

基于对太阳辐射的分析,理论计算了外层空间太阳集热器的完善性系数和转化效率,并分别以获得最大完善性系数和最大转化效率为条件,给出集热器最佳工作温度所满足的方程,讨论了两种具体太阳集热器的最佳工作温度,给出了由两种方法确定的最佳工作温度随环境温度变化的关系曲线,比较了它们之间的相对大小,对影响最佳工作温度的因素进行了分析。     

沼液对苹果品质及土壤肥效的影响

通过对照试验，分析了沼肥对果树长势、苹果品质和土壤肥效的影响。结果表明，应用沼液进行根施和叶面喷施，可增加果树新梢长度和枝条径粗，果树总产量增加13％～20％，果实口感好，营养丰富。施用沼肥可改善土壤理化性质，氮、磷、钾处于丰富的水平，有机质处于中等至稍丰的水平。     

蟒河硅藻生态位研究

对山西省蟒河风景区的着生硅藻进行采样并在实验室内观察,共设10个采样点,共有17个属的硅藻种类。首先,用Levins生态位宽度公式和Pinaka生态位重叠指数公式计算了样本中17个属的生态位宽度和生态位重叠度,并对各属的生态位宽度和生态位重叠度进行了探讨。结果表明,在17个属中,菱形藻属、舟形藻属和曲壳藻属等的生态位宽度值最大,而且生态位大的属与其他属的生态位重叠度也相对较大。其次,对17个属进行相关系数的计算,并进行属间相关性分析。结果表明,所有属对中,呈正相关的属对占89.5%,负相关的属对占3.3%,其余7.2%是不相关属对。这些属的生态位和相关性指示了不同样点的水体状况。     

Hydrogen storage on lithium modified silica based CHAbazite type zeolite,A computational study

Lithium atoms were dispersed in CHAbazite-type zeolite to investigate the effects of differing amount of dispersed atoms on hydrogen storage. Each structures were relaxed after lithium modification using Density Functional Theory calculations. The changes in the surface area and energetic properties, such as electrostatic potentials and charge transfers, were investigated for the final structures. Then, the partial charges which were calculated according to the Hirshfeld method, were assigned to the structures. Finally, charged structures were used for hydrogen adsorption calculations. It was found that increased amount of lithium atoms does not affect the hydrogen storage capacity continuously. So, after a certain number of dispersed atoms is reached, hydrogen storage capacity begins to decrease. The limit values were 12 and 3 for the low and high pressure ranges when the adsorbed amounts of hydrogen were 0.157 and 1.545% by weight for the same structures at 298 K, respectively. 12 and 3 lithium atoms dispersion enhance the storage capacity 6 and 3 times as much as pure silica based CHAbazite type zeolite.     

Organic,Chemical and Elemental Characterization of Components of Nigerian Bituminous Sands Bitumen

Abstract

Nigerian bitumen components (asphaltene, oil, and resins) were analyzed for functional groups of compound types present in them using infrared specrophotometry technique. These components were also subjected to trace metal analysis using the Buck Model 200 A atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Infrared peaks of alkenes, aldehydes, anhydrides, aromatics, and amides were shown in the bitumen components indicating that they were mixtures of paraffinic, aldehydric, anhydic, naphthenic, and heteroatomic containing compounds. Concentration of 8 metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co, V, Mn, and Fe) in the samples were studied to know the extent of possible catalytic poisoning and environmental degradation capacity, and more so the components in which these metals were more concentrated. The AAS result showed high concentration of Zn, Ni, V, and Fe in some components while other metals were not detected in the amount that were present in the bitumen components.     

燃气轮机燃烧室的现状及发展趋势

针对我国燃气轮机燃烧室污染物排放的现状,介绍了各国对民用航空和工业用燃气轮机的排放规定,分析了燃气轮机燃烧室主要污染物的生成机理、影响因素以及减少污染物排放的措施.对先进的低污染燃烧室中具有代表性和发展前景的四种类型燃烧室作了简要的介绍,它们分别为双环预混旋流(TAPS)燃烧室、贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧室、富油燃烧-焠熄-贫油燃烧(RQL)低污染燃烧室以及驻涡燃烧室(TVC).并且介绍了高温升燃烧室的研究现状以及关键技术难题.最后,对燃烧室火焰筒多斜孔冷却、冲击/多斜孔复合冷却、层板冷却以及冲击/气膜冷却等四种方式的现状进行了讨论.     

宁波市区汽车行驶工况和污染物排放调查研究

利用GPS技术调查了宁波市不同道路汽车行驶工况,记录了实际道路汽车行驶瞬时速度的大量数据。根据数据进行了不同道路汽车行驶工况的解析,分别建立起适合宁波市汽车排放污染物测量的一般道路汽车行驶工况、快速道路汽车行驶工况、城区综合道路汽车行驶工况。分析了城市机动车排放污染的状况及影响因素,讨论了机动车车型和汽车城市道路运行工况对机动车排放污染物的影响。根据行驶工况和流量调查计算了宁波市部分道路机动车污染物排放量。     

浅析混凝土路面裂缝的形成及控制措施

从材料、施工环境、施工程序、道路承载等方面对混凝土路面裂缝的形成原因进行了分析,并通过比较裂缝的形态和形成过程等因素,将混凝土路面的裂缝进行了科学的分类,在总结本地区施工经验的基础上,提出了混凝土路面施工过程中,确保工程质量的技术措施,并对混凝土路面的治理原则和方法进行了总结,以期为规范混凝土施工程序提供一定参考。