基于LCA框架的城市水系统环境可持续性评价方法

环境可持续性评价是规划建设城市可持续水系统的基础。利用生命周期评价(LCA)系统性结构框架,构建了城市水系统环境可持续性评估流程和指标体系,并提出了综合评价方法。该方法能从更广的视野来全面考虑潜在的环境影响(或效益)、有助于识别和选择一些重要的因素,诸如营养成分回用和能源回收等,更好地体现了城市水系统各要素之间的内在联系。     

区域水资源系统可持续性评价研究

基于社会水循环与自然水系统的匹配性,根据水资源系统的可持续性包括的两方面主要内容,提出区域水资源系统的可持续性评价实质上就是对社会水循环中出现的三个主要问题的评价.通过对应选定降水时间不均匀参数、水质污染参数、取水比例参数三个可表征这三个问题的参数,计算出可定量表征区域水资源系统可持续性变化趋势的水资源贫度,结合三个参数的意义和特性分析,即可对某一特定区域水资源系统的可持续性作出全面、客观的评价,并以桂林市1991～2002年的水资源系统评价实例分析了评价结果的可行性和实用性.     

日本城市水系统发展历程

日本自明治维新开始至今走过了漫长的城市治水历程,先后经历了萌芽起步、快速发展、提质增效和系统化4个主要阶段.明治维新推动了城市水系统萌芽.第二次世界大战后随着经济腾飞,日本城市水系统快速发展,但总体上"轻节流、轻治污、轻生态",导致水问题集中爆发.20世纪80年代开始日本转变治水思路,以其特有的精细模式逐渐提质增效.2...     

城市水系统从理念、方法到规划实践

首先结合城市在不同发展阶段所面临的水问题,概述了城市供排水设施发展的历程及其特点,提出进入生态文明时代城市供排水面临着向"水循环城市"发展阶段迈进的新挑战;其次,基于城市水循环的系统观梳理了对城市与水的新认识、解决水问题的思路方法以及应对策略,并与传统模式进行了对比;接下来分析了目前涉水规划存在的问题,提出了通过城市水...     

城市水管理理论框架研究

对我国城市水管理的内涵进行了界定,并分析了城市水管理的特征、对象、目标、原则和措施等.我国城市水管理的发展趋势是:城市涉水事务必须统一管理;应完善水法规、严格执法,提高水资源管理效率;构建水资源的现代管理体制,推进城市水管理的社会化;开源节流,平衡供需;由洪水控制向洪水管理转变;加大水污染治理力度,有效改善城市水环境等.     

基于水代谢理念的城市水系统构建

水代谢(Water metabolism)是近年来国内外一批专家学者倡导的理念,其要点是将自然水系比拟为生命体,将水文循环中的蒸发、降水、径流等一系列过程及其维持水量平衡和水的自然净化作用比拟为生态代谢.     

城市水系统关联模型研究

为了理清城市水系统中多因素间的复杂关系,对系统解决城市水问题提供帮助,基于水系统理论与城市水系统模拟相关研究,提出了城市水系统中水-经济社会-生态环境各因素之间相互作用和反馈的关联模型理论框架,建立了城市水系统演变过程中由针对经济发展的正反馈回路和针对可持续性的负反馈回路共同控制的新模式,构建了模拟城市水-经济社会-生态环境内在联系的城市水系统关联模型。以武汉市为例,应用建立的城市水系统关联模型,采用2001—2017年的历史统计数据,建立了武汉市城市水-经济社会-生态环境各要素之间互馈作用的模拟模型,预测了武汉市的城市发展轨迹,并与武汉市2030年的远期规划进行比较,验证了模型的有效性,表明城市水系统模型能够揭示城市水-经济社会-生态环境多要素的耦合驱动机制,体现了节水技术与绿色发展相关政策两大因子导向下的生态环境、经济社会协同发展的良好预期。     

水生态文明的内涵及评价体系探讨

阐述了水生态文明的概念和内涵,提出了由两个系统（水生态系统及社会经济系统）、6个对象类型及20个指标共3层构成的水生态文明多层评价指标体系。在评价方法方面,引入了弹性分级评分系统。分级评价标准考虑了我国不同地区的自然和经济社会特点,将水生态文明状况划分为五级,以体现不同地区水生态文明的差异性。     

基于综合指数法的城市水安全评价

为客观衡量和评价城市水安全状况,综合考虑水安全概念及内涵、城市发展现状及趋势、水安全相关规划研究,建立了包括防洪安全、饮水安全、用水安全、河湖生态安全、涉水事务监管安全5个准则层、31项指标的城市水安全评价指标体系,采用指数型功效函数实现了评价指标的标准化,构建了城市水安全评价模型,并以湖南邵阳市为例开展了实证研究。结果表明,邵阳市水安全综合指数为0.6562,处于“基本安全”状态,与实际情况基本相符。     

统筹推进城市水系统治理方法研究

城市水系统是水的自然循环和社会循环在城市空间的耦合,具有系统性、复杂性和动态性等特征。梳理城市水系统概念内涵和国内外统筹治水工作进展,凝练新时期城市水系统治理理念。以系统方法解析城市水系统功能结构和内外部关系,从环境、系统、单元、要素和工作举措等多个层面入手,识别城市水系统内外部关联互动关键节点,构建包含系统内外统筹、系统内部统筹、功能单元内外统筹等在内的统筹治水理论方法。结合我国城镇水务重点领域工作,对统筹推进城市水系统治理提出工作建议。     

Sustainability Assessment of Urban Water Distribution Systems

A methodology is presented for determining sustainability indices for pressure and water age in water distribution systems (WDSs). These sustainability indices are based upon performance criteria including reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability. Pressure and water age are determined for a WDS as a function of operation time using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPANET model. The values of pressure and water age are used to determine reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability performance criteria, which are then combined into the nodal sustainability indices for water age and pressure. In addition, the sustainability index (SI) computations are performed for zones to define the SI for water age and SI for pressure. A combined SI calculation is performed to produce an overall sustainability score for the entire zone in the water distribution network. The proposed methodology can be used to monitor the sustainability of existing WDSs and to help define alternative solutions including changes in pump operation and modifications to WDS to increase the sustainability.     

城市供水系统风险评价研究进展

阐述了风险评价的定义及其在城市供水系统中的基本内涵,分析了风险评价的发展历程及其在城市供水系统中的应用,并对目前国内外主要使用的城市供水系统风险评价方法进行了分类和总结;在此基础上,分析了我国城市供水系统风险评价的研究进展;最后,对现有城市供水系统风险评价方法存在的不足及在应用中的局限性进行了讨论,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

A Novel Framework for Urban Flood damage Assessment

Water Resources Management - In the current study, a novel method is proposed to analyze the simultaneous impacts of non-stationarity in hydrological time series and land-use changes in urban areas...     

Planning for Regional Water System Sustainability Through Water Resources Security Assessment Under Uncertainties

A leader-follower relationship in multiple layers of decision makers under uncertainties is a critical challenge associated with water resources security (WRS). To address this problem, a credibility-based chance-constrained hierarchical programming model with WRS assessment is developed for regional water system sustainability planning. This model can deal with the sequential decision-making problem with different goals and preferences, and reflect uncertainties presented as fuzzy sets. The effectiveness of the developed model is demonstrated through a real-world water resources management system in Beijing, China. A leader-follower interactive solution algorithm based on satisfactory degree is utilized to improve computational efficiency. Results show the that: (a) surface water, groundwater, recycled water, and off water would account for 27.01, 27.44, 23.11, and 22.44% of the total water supplies, respectively; (b) the entire pollutant emissions and economic benefits would consequently decrease by 31.53 and 22.88% when the statue changes from quite safe to extremely far from safe; and (c) a high credibility level would correspond to low risks of insufficient water supply and overloaded pollutant emissions, which lowers economic benefits and pollutant emissions. By contrast, a low credibility level would decrease the limitations of constraints, which leads to high economic benefits and pollutant emissions, but system risk would be increased. These findings can aid different decision makers in identifying the desired strategies for regional water resources management under multiple uncertainties, and support the in-depth analysis of the interrelationships among water security, system efficiency, and credibility level.     

Comfort Value of Water: Natural-artificial Dual-structured Analytical Framework for Comfort Assessment of Regional Water Environment and Landscape System

Water Resources Management - The existing research on water comfort assessment has been limited owing to the lack of understanding of water environment and landscape system (WELs) and its comfort...     

城镇供水管网监测自动化系统设计

通过分析管网系统组成与运行要求,选取相应监测点及监测仪器,建立一套实时快速、准确可靠、先进实用、高度自动化的信息采集、监测与控制的自动化系统,以便对供水管网的安全运行状态、水情信息以及设备的运行等进行实时监测与控制,为供水安全可靠、水资源优化配置等提供决策支持手段,进一步提高管理决策的水平和效率。     

城市供水工程广域网络系统结构的再探讨

从深圳及北京供水工程调度系统工程的设计实践出发 ,简介了当前国内城市调度系统现状 ,分析了调度管理广域网络系统的建模内容 ,论述了网络系统在建模中要解决的几个关键问题 ,论证了广域网络系统建立的可能性和必要性     

A Sustainable Decision Support Framework for Urban Water Management

This paper develops a decision support framework that assists managers in the urban water industry to analyse a mix of water service options, at the whole-of-city scale. The decision support framework moves decision-making in urban water systems from traditional command and control approaches that tend to focus on an outcome at a point in time to a more sustainable, inclusive and dynamic decision-making process driven by social learning and engagement. While available models and evaluation techniques provide valuable input to decision-making, the complex nature of urban water systems requires more than just social and economic criteria to be considered as part of decision support frameworks. The authors believe that current decision support frameworks need to be presented in a way that incorporates adaptive management and integrated urban water management strengths at the strategic and operational level. The inclusion of social learning and engagement is necessary to achieving this end.     

Tariff Suitability Framework for Water Supply Services

Water supply (WS) tariffs have evolved significantly in the past decades, although in a varying fashion around the world. Indeed, this development is linked to increasingly demanding requirements, or objectives that have to be achieved by water utilities (e.g., stricter quality standards and infrastructure maintenance levels, cost recovery, social concerns and environmental protection demands). The perception of WS tariffs as a powerful management tool, subject to context dependent objectives, raises the concern on how utilities prioritize them. This hierarchy is desirable due to the possible conflicting nature of objectives. From that point of view, and on the basis of protecting the public interest, the fitness between objectives set by the utilities and actual needs may require a broader institutional approach. The need for regulatory activity may be required in the context of too much arbitrariness in tariff setting procedures. For this objective, a regulatory tool is set, based on multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) modeling methods, to provide a requisite framework capable of considering the multiple dimensions of WS tariffs and the assessment of specialists, practitioners and other legitimate stakeholders in the ‘tariff setting’ decision making process. The specified tariff suitability framework (TSF) will work as a regulatory tool, taking into account the utilities’ particular context and background factors. The outcomes allow to determine the tariff suitability and to build tailored policy recommendations, which are critical aspects for a sound regulation.     

System Archetypes Underlying Formal-Informal Urban Water Supply Dynamics

Water Resources Management - Contrary to developed countries, developing countries have been observed to have an increased reliance on a diversity of water supply options to meet their daily...