乡土建筑的环境能量协同与当代设计转化 ——以义乌雪峰文学馆为例

乡土建筑,一般来说开始是由一群受到当地文化传统影响的当地人所建造,然后经历了漫长的反复试验,又在对地域环境熟悉的当地工匠手中有系统地建造起来,因此特定气候的环境建筑技术转化对现代建筑具有重要且深远的价值。基于浙江中部地区的乡土村落——义乌神坛村的实地考察,对传统乡土建筑与当代乡土建筑的气候适应性特征进行分析研究,试图将传统乡土建筑的建造智慧转化设计为适应当前环境和建筑需求的气候响应性建筑。结合正在施工的义乌雪峰文学馆阐述如何将环境能量协同与气候响应作为主要考量因素进行当代乡土建筑设计。     

重庆地区乡土建筑气候适应性研究

乡土建筑与气候的关系密切。位于中国西南部的重庆地区是传统聚落和乡土建筑资源较丰富地区。气候表现为冬暖夏热,潮湿温暖的大陆性气候。重庆地区的乡土建筑作为一种成熟和稳定的建筑形态不仅满足经济、耐用的原则,还改善小气候环境,满足通风防潮和保温隔热要求。为此,当地乡土建筑在建筑选址布局,空间形态,建筑选材等方面采取一系列措施。这些理念在提倡可持续发展的今天值得学习研究。     

桂林乡土建筑的时代更新

立足桂林乡土建筑对气候、环境的适应特点来重新认识乡土建筑在新时代的发展,从其中提炼出适合现代生活的建造材料和建造方式.     

井冈山地区乡土建筑的环境调控策略研究

文章通过对人、气候、建筑的思考,分析了乡土建筑的环境调控机制和特点。并以湘东—赣西边境井冈山地区传统乡土建筑为研究对象,从空间形态、围护结构、场地环境三个方面提炼了井冈山地区乡土建筑在长期适应气候与自然的过程中所形成的环境调控策略,为当代在可持续发展观要求下探索乡村复兴的路径提供策略集成与方法支撑。     

乡土建筑的建构探析

以土、石、木这几大类自然材料为例,结合地域条件、气候环境、建造方式等方面对乡土建筑进行分析解读,指出乡土建筑的产生发展极大地体现了人与自然的和谐共存.     

乡土建筑与人体健康的关系研究——东南亚、北美人居环境的解读

为了研究东南亚、北美等乡土建筑的人居环境与人体健康的关系,利用文献查阅与多学科交叉分析等研究方法,解读东南亚、北美等乡土建筑、人居环境和人体健康的研究进展与现状。在总结前人研究的基础上得出:东南亚、北美等乡土建筑的造型、特色虽各不相同,但均是对当地气候、文化、风俗等因素的适应。这些地区的乡土建筑通过建筑空间、建构等营造的良好人居环境对健康的发展具有促进作用。     

澳大利亚乡土建筑

在澳大利亚,早期的殖民者创造了多种乡土建筑形式,这些建筑多为就地取材,与当地的气候条件和生产力发展水平相适应。现在这些乡土建筑不仅成为澳大利亚宝贵的建筑文化遗产的一部分,同时也对现代建筑的发展产生了深远的影响。     

香格里拉藏民居住环境调研

通过对香格里拉藏族民居的现状分析，指出在继承保护优秀的乡土建筑优点的同时，针对当地恶劣的气候环境与传统民居的不足，应该采取的各种先进的设计与技术完善措施，努力为当地人民打造理想的居住环境。     

惠安石材特性及在乡土建筑中的运用

不同的建筑材料性能和构造方法，形成了风格各异的乡土建筑，惠安乡土建筑因地制宜，就地取材，大量采用当地的天然石材，惠安石材的三大特性构成了惠安乡土建筑石材运用的三个主要特色。     

传播学视域里的乡土建筑研究

试图进行传播学与乡土建筑之间的交叉学科研究，通过传潘学的理论和方法在乡土建筑研究领域的运行，从一个新的角度来分析和解释关于乡土社会中大量的乡土建筑与普通空之间关系的一些现象，为乡土建筑研究带来些启示。     

阿拉伯干热地区地域性气候与地域传统建筑形式研究

地域性建筑是不同社会历史阶段文化积淀的综合纪实,建筑设计要良好结合地域性气候和基地的自然环境。建筑文化的产生与发展,一方面基于各种社会理念的内部互动,另一方面则是地域气候条件影响的结果。客观上．城市规划、建筑群布局与建筑设计均反映了一定地域气候的特征。阿拉伯干热地区为适应当地的气候、反映地域环境与文化,构成了较独特的建筑空间与形态。     

泉州传统建筑中气候性因素的当代表现

气候性因素是影响传统建筑形式的要素之一.对于泉州传统建筑而言,其气候性因素的表现有显著的特点,但在当代运用中又存在一些明显的缺陷.因此,借鉴当代地域性建筑设计中的气候性对策,分析并归纳出符合泉州当代建筑的气候性对策及其在建筑设计中的应用.     

Climatic effect in the formation of vernacular houses in the Eastern Black Sea region

Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural structure, economy, materials, and technology that influence architectural forms. The resolutions that exist as a result of the effect of climate on architecture differ according to regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate in the Eastern Black Sea region, which lies in the north of Turkey, plays an active role in the formation and diversity of the vernacular houses in the region. Climatic factors such as rain, wind, humidity and sunlight in the region, which has a warm-humid climate and which gets excessive rain, have different effects on the spaces, elements and annexes of the vernacular houses. This study explains climatic approaches that are evident in the architecture of the vernacular houses in the Eastern Black Sea region. The aim of this study is to give information about the vernacular architecture in the Eastern Black Sea region and to investigate the relationship between the architectural products and the climate that plays a very important role in the formation of this architecture. Thus, the effects of climatic factors, such as rain, wind, humidity and sunlight, on vernacular houses are explained in the topics as plan, external walls, roof and exterior of buildings.     

A comparative study of climatically responsive house design at various periods of Northern Cyprus architecture

Architecture is considered as a mirror of a civilization that is shaped up by needs, society, technology, culture and climate. Except climate these factors are modifiable and changeable with respect to time. Climate is a fixed environmental factor affecting architecture and its built environment. Thus, different climatic conditions pertaining to the countries force them to take special architectural precautions to create more comfortable living spaces. Furthermore, these can define the architectural characteristics of various countries at different time spans. On the basis of this argument, with this paper it is intended to reveal the main approaches and criteria for climatically responsive houses and settlements in Northern Cyprus. Contribution of the article to this field is the discussion of the climatic considerations of different architectural periods in urban and rural areas. The periods such as Ottoman (1571–1878), British (1878–1960) and Modern (1960-present) are the most significant ones discussed together with the Cypriot vernacular architecture. Site planning, building design and specific building elements are the main parameters handled to analyse the climatic considerations. In addition, the impact of socio-economy, technology, culture, politics and building management strategies have also been discussed during the process of evaluation of each period and vernacular architecture.     

A typological,environmental and socio-cultural study of semi-open spaces in the Eastern Mediterranean vernacular architecture: The case of Cyprus

Semi-open spaces – largely incorporated in vernacular dwellings in Cyprus during the 19th and 20th centuries – formed diachronically significant socio-cultural, functional and environmental features of the vernacular architecture of the area. The climate of the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e., hot summers and mild winters, encouraged the use of open weather protected spaces, thus leading to the widespread incorporation of such spaces in the vernacular architecture of the region. This paper focuses on the interconnections between architectural forms and human comfort, convenience or pleasure in relation to the semi-open spaces found in the vernacular architecture of Cyprus – an island in the Eastern Mediterranean region. For the purpose of this research, characteristic traditional settlements found in the coastal, lowland and mountainous areas – which represent three different climatic regions and topographies of the island – were selected for an in-depth investigation. The findings confirm a high frequency of semi-open spaces, as well as the existence of a remarkable richness of typologies. Although semi-open spaces constitute a fundamental part of the structure of these vernacular dwellings in all climatic regions examined, they dominate in the lowland regions due to the particularly hot climate, as well as the specific activities of the inhabitants of these areas. The prevailing architectural forms and constructions of these spaces in each climatic region under investigation was found to be closely adapted to the local resources, terrain and climate, while also being related to the social, household and agricultural needs of the inhabitants, thus underlining their sustainable and locus-specific conception. Research findings can contribute towards critically re-thinking semi-open spaces and their inherent value in rehabilitation projects, as well as in contemporary residential architecture.     

藏风纳气 内外相融——以郑州某剧院为例探讨方案设计的绿色策略

从中西方传统建筑理论中对气候的适应性入手,研究不同季节的气流、降水、日照等气候因素对建筑环境和舒适度的影响,以及绿色建筑对气候环境的应对策略。同时,以郑州某剧院方案设计为例,以气候、场地基础条件分析为契入点,通过对风环境、光环境和降水等气候要素的模拟分析,探讨了绿色建筑从策划、设计到运营管理的技术要点,以实现建筑全生命周期的可持续性。     

Heat and light thematised in the modern architecture of Houston

Mid-twentieth-century modern architecture in Houston thematised responsiveness to the natural phenomena of heat and light despite the fact that Houston's most celebrated modern buildings were designed to be completely reliant on central air-conditioning. An examination of Houston buildings constructed from the late 1940s through the 1960s demonstrates the ways in which modern architects sought to privilege the architectural recognition of regional climatic difference while also employing modern technology to alleviate local climatic extremes of heat and humidity. The spectacular modern buildings that represent this era in Houston raise crucial questions: How did architects reconcile the doctrine of climatic responsiveness to the equally modern desire for maximum transparency? What proved more compelling: responsiveness to local circumstance or the imperatives of modern structural and mechanical engineering? Did modern architects perceive that there might be contradictions between responsiveness to climate and other aspects of modern architectural identity, such as transparency? Because concern about the roles of building design and construction in the responsible use of natural resources is current at the turn of the twenty-first century, it is pertinent to examine the ways modern architects in a particular climatic setting negotiated the issue of climatic responsiveness as modern architecture became the dominant practice.     

Heat and light thematised in the modern architecture of Houston

Mid-twentieth-century modern architecture in Houston thematised responsiveness to the natural phenomena of heat and light despite the fact that Houston's most celebrated modern buildings were designed to be completely reliant on central air-conditioning. An examination of Houston buildings constructed from the late 1940s through the 1960s demonstrates the ways in which modern architects sought to privilege the architectural recognition of regional climatic difference while also employing modern technology to alleviate local climatic extremes of heat and humidity. The spectacular modern buildings that represent this era in Houston raise crucial questions: How did architects reconcile the doctrine of climatic responsiveness to the equally modern desire for maximum transparency? What proved more compelling: responsiveness to local circumstance or the imperatives of modern structural and mechanical engineering? Did modern architects perceive that there might be contradictions between responsiveness to climate and other aspects of modern architectural identity, such as transparency? Because concern about the roles of building design and construction in the responsible use of natural resources is current at the turn of the twenty-first century, it is pertinent to examine the ways modern architects in a particular climatic setting negotiated the issue of climatic responsiveness as modern architecture became the dominant practice.     

热带公共建筑的气候设计探索——以乍得议会大厦为例

随着可持续发展理念兴起,建筑设计关注热点从“形体设计”回到“气候设计”。该文以乍得议会大厦的设计为例,探索适宜热带地区公共建筑的设计策略。首先,从建筑气候设计的概念改变出发,分析热带地区结合气候学的建筑设计方法必要性。其次,从地理环境、气候条件以及社会经济发展三方面,分析了建筑气候设计的现实条件。以此为基础,探讨了与热带地区相适应的建筑设计策略。最后,结合乍得议会大厦实践,从建筑细部、建筑构造、建筑材料等方面提出具体设计方法。     

基于气候适应性的绿色建筑研究与实践

绿色建筑是要通过转变建筑设计观念和建构方法来实现,使建筑设计从以往的以"形态—功能"为单一目标,转变为以"形态—功能"和"环境—资源"并重的双重目标。这一过程将更加强调回归建筑本身与气候的自然调节,在绿色建筑所包含的诸多要素之中,气候适应性是基本要素之一。绿色建筑是在气候适应性的基础上的建筑技术、节能与健康的三者统一,分别代表着基于地域气候的建筑技术的正确选择与运用;环境目标的实现;人居环境目标的三方面统一,并结合亚热带气候条件下的两个体育馆建筑设计实践进一步阐述。