VC/Cr3C2添加剂与烧结温度对超细WC-12Co硬质合金的影响

为了有效控制烧结过程中WC晶粒的长大,获得高强度高硬度的超细硬质合金,采用扫描电镜、拉伸机和洛氏硬度仪研究了不同质量分数及配比的VC/Cr3C2晶粒长大抑制剂和烧结温度对超细WC-12Co硬质合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响,并结合试验结果分析了超细硬质合金中VC/Cr3C2晶粒长大抑制剂的作用机理.结果表明,添加适量VC/Cr3C2晶粒长大抑制剂的超细硬质合金中WC晶粒尺寸分布集中,不存在明显的组织缺陷,合金具有细而均匀的微观组织及优异的力学性能.当晶粒长大抑制剂(质量分数)为0.2%VC/0.5%Cr3C2,1450℃烧结制备WC-12Co超细硬质合金的抗弯强度为3710MPa,硬度(HRA)为91.5.VC/Cr3C2晶粒长大抑制剂的作用机理为:VC主要与WC反应生成(W,V)C固溶体聚集在WC/Co界面,降低WC/Co界面能,Cr3C2主要固溶在粘结相中,导致WC在粘结相中的溶解度降低,二者的综合作用减缓了粘结相中WC溶解-析出过程,从而抑制烧结过程中WC晶粒的长大.     

Brazing of WC–8Co cemented carbide to steel using Cu–Ni–Al alloys as filler metal: Microstructures and joint mechanical behavior

Three novel Cu–Ni–Al brazing filler alloys with Cu/Ni weight ratio of 4:1 and 2.5–10 wt% Al were developed and characterized, and the wetting of three Cu–Ni–Al alloys on WC–8 Co cemented carbide were investigated at 1190–1210?C by the sessile drop technique. Vacuum brazing of the WC–8 Co cemented carbide to SAE1045 steel using the three Cu–Ni–Al alloys as filler metal was further carried out based on the wetting test results. The interfacial interactions and joint mechanical behaviors involving microhardness, shear strength and fracture were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that all the three wetting systems present excellent wettability with final contact angles of less than 5?and fast spreading. An obvious degeneration layer with continuous thin strip forms in the cemented carbide adjacent to the Cu–Ni–Al/WC–8 Co interface. The variation of microhardness in the joint cross-section is closely related to the interactions(such as diffusion and solid solution) of WC–8 Co/Cu–Ni–Al/steel system. Compared with the other two brazed joints, the WC–8 Co/Cu–19 Ni–5 Al/steel brazed joint presents more reliable interlayer microstructure and mechanical property while brazing at the corresponding wetting temperatures for 5 min, and its average shear strength is over 200 MPa after further optimizing the brazing temperature and holding time. The joint shear fracture path passes along the degeneration layer, Cu–Ni–Al/WC–8 Co interface and brazing interlayer, showing a mixed ductile-brittle fracture.     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC—Co涂层研究进展

WC—Co纳米结构涂层具有很多优点,主要表现在其结合强度、硬度、韧性和耐磨性能均优于传统材料的涂层,因此备受研究者关注。然而,由于WC的热稳定性比较差,以致制备的涂层的性能下降。超音速火焰技术由于低温高速的特点,喷涂的WC--Co涂层具有良好的涂层性能,为制备纳米结构涂层开辟了新途径。结合国内外文献,阐述了纳米结构WC—Co涂层的形成与机理,总结了纳米涂层制备中存在的问题,重点概述了超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC—Co涂层的研究现状和发展趋势,并对其应用和发展前景作了展望。     

不同冷却条件下Cu40C030Cr30三元合金的液相分离凝固组织

采用电磁悬浮法使Cu40 Co30 Cr3o的合金熔体达到深过冷,发现深过冷条件下合金很容易发生亚稳液相分离,同时冷却速率显著影响着样品的微观组织.经悬浮冷却凝固的样品发生液相分离,富Cu相中出现富(Co,Cr)相枝晶,富(Co,Cr)相中形成二次析出的富Cu相.在电磁搅拌作用影响下,二次析出的富Cu相呈椭球状.在用纯铜快淬的条件下,凝固后的微观组织更加细化,样品为一相以球状均匀弥散在另一相中,并且在富Cu相中发生了多次析出的现象.XRD结果表明,在两种实验条件下均发现Cu相和CoCr相的存在,说明不同的冷却速率对相组成基本没有影响.与Cu-Co-Fe和Cu-Co-Ni比较,Ct-Co-Cr发生液相分离所需要的过冷度和冷却速率更小,进行得更为彻底.     

超细WC和细WC/Co添加对WC-10Co硬质合金微观结构与力学性能的影响

在粒径为0.5μm的超细碳化钨(WC)粉体表面包覆钴(Co)纳米颗粒获得细WC/Co,将细WC/Co、粗WC和Co粉通过球磨混合均匀，压制成型后在1420℃下真空烧结1 h,得到WC-10Co硬质合金。借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、万能试验机等对比研究细WC/Co和超细WC对WC-10Co硬质合金微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明：相比于超细WC,细WC/Co促进合金的致密化，并形成双晶结构。添加细WC/Co和超细WC制备的硬质合金的平均晶粒度分别为2.18μm和3.57μm。细WC/Co的添加会降低晶粒生长速度并抑制细晶完全溶解，而粗晶通过缺陷辅助生长及溶解-析出生长机制生长为表面阶梯状的缺角三棱柱形；硬质合金的硬度和断裂韧度得到提升，二者分别为1131HV₃₀和22.1 MPa·m^1/2,而在1131HV₃₀同等硬度下，其断裂韧度比线性拟合的断裂韧度高27.7%。机理分析认为，超细WC的添加会导致异常晶粒产生，不利于性能；而细WC/Co的添加能够同时形成双晶结构和均匀的钴相分布结构，降低晶粒缺陷，提升综合力学性...     

放电等离子烧结试样中温度分布的计算及应用

在电流分配模型的基础上，建立了用于计算SPS过程中试样、模具和压头温度升高比例的计算模型，并将其用于WC—Co硬质合金烧结过程的计算。模拟结果表明WC—Co的SPS过程中除了当试样电阻率较大，相对密度较小时在试样上分配的电流小于模具之外，试样上分配的电流大于模具；试样的温度升高大于模具，小于压头，因此能量由压头和试样向模具传递。实验证明了模具测定温度低于试样温度的理论预测结果。     

Ni的合金化对Cu-Co合金磁学性能和GMR效应的影响

磁学性能分析表明，Cu85Co15熔体快淬过程中即可通过液相分解形成大块铁磁性富Co相，也可通过固相分解形成纳米超顺磁相，而Cu80Co15Ni5合金则主要通过固相分解形成纳米超顺磁相。Ni对Cu—Co合金液相分解的抑制和增加固容体过饱和度从而促进过饱和固容体分解的作用使Cu80co15Ni5合金相对于无Ni的Cu85Co15合金时效后纳米超顺磁相尺寸减小，体积密度明显增高。Ni合金化还使Cu—Co合金富Co磁性相的尺寸一致性得到很大改善，减小了磁性相间的交互作用。这些因素都有助于增大GMR效应。     

超音速火焰喷涂及封孔处理对低合金钢抗中性盐雾腐蚀性能的影响

通过电化学极化测试和中性盐雾试验,研究了300 M低合金钢上空气助燃的超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)WC/17Co、WC/10Co4Cr涂层及硅氟树脂封孔处理后的抗腐蚀性能,并和电镀硬铬(EHC)的性能进行对比.中性NaCl溶液电化学极化测试结果表明,涂层处理明显提高了低合金钢的腐蚀电位.400h中性盐雾腐蚀结果表明,基体和涂层处理后抗腐蚀顺序依次为:WC/10Co4Cr 封孔＞WC/10Co4Cr＞EHC＞WC/17Co 封孔＞WC/17Co＞基体.腐蚀后的SEM观察发现,腐蚀介质先腐蚀涂层中的粘结相,当其扩散到基材表面则优先腐蚀基体.     

粘结型Ce-Co-Cu-Fe磁体在石英钟上的应用

前言目前,第三代石英钟已在国内普遍研制和批量生产。1979年10月我院开始为天津钟表二厂研制了S—1型石英钟用的粘结型Ce—Co—Cu—Fe永磁转子环。转子为一对磁极,径向充磁。从1980年3月开始批量供应。至今已生产近××只粘结型Ce—Co—Cu—Fe永磁转子环。并已用来组装石英钟,出口香港、西欧等处。使用性能稳定,获得好评。粘结型Ce—Co—Cu—Fe永磁体及转子环的研制、批量生产和应用,在我国还是首次,还未见国外有报导和产品。     

[Co80Fe10Ni10]20Cu80-xCrx块体合金的巨磁电阻效应研究

在氩气气氛中用熔炼法制备了[Co80Fe10Ni10]20Cu80-xCrx系列Cu基巨磁电阻合金．通过光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、场致发射扫描电镜和电子探针研究了[Co80Fe10Ni10]20Cu80-xCrx合金在1000℃均匀化处理6h后水淬．以及随后的300～700℃，30～150min回火处理的微观结构及组分。用直流四探针法测量了合金的室温巨磁电阻效应(GMR)。结果表明．合金在回火时从基体相中析出了高度弥散的含Fe、Ni、Co的纳米磁性新相。回火温度对合金的磁电阻效应影响很大，样品在600℃温度回火90min时，合金的室温GMR效应最好，可达8．61％。少量合金元素Cr的添加替代(Cr代Cu)消除了Co-Fe-Ni—Cu合金中的混溶裂隙，改善了合金的加工性但也降低了合金的磁电阻效应。     

板状WC晶粒WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金的组织和性能

采用真空烧结法制备了板状WC晶粒WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究了Ni/(Ni+Co)比对硬质合金组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着Ni/(Ni+Co)比的增大,硬质合金显微组织中板状WC晶粒的比例逐渐减少,硬质相颗粒的尺寸逐渐增大且平均长厚比逐渐减小。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比过大时,硬质合金中硬质相颗粒出现了团聚现象,使其力学性能显著降低。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比为0.3和0.5时,WC-(Co-Ni)硬质合金的综合力学性能较高,这与其硬质相颗粒较细和平均长厚比较大有关。当Ni/(Ni+Co)比为0.5时,WC-(5Co+5Ni)硬质合金具有较优的综合力学性能,其抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为2 448 MPa、90.0HRA、21.2 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

Influence of Micron WC Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine WC–Co Cemented Carbides at the Elevated Temperature

In this paper, the influence of micron-grained WC additions with the different grain sizes on the microstructure and hardness of ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides at the elevated temperature were investigated by the scanning electron microscope and mechanical properties test. The Vickers hardness and transverse rupture strength of hardmetals were measured at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800°C. The results show that the addition of micron-sized WC particles can lead to the increase of fracture toughness and slow the decreasing of hardness at the elevated temperature.     

Research on Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt (WC-Co) Cemented Carbide Rods of Miniature Drills for Highly Integrated Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Nanocrystalline tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite powders produced through spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction and carburization technology were used to prepare φ3.25 mm×38 mm ultrafine tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) cemented carbide rods through vacuum sintering plus sinterhip technology. The microstructure, Vickers hardness, density and Rockwell A hardness (HRA), transverse rupture strength (TRS), saturated magnetization and coercivity force were tested. The results show that the average grain size of the sintering body prepared through vacuum sintering plus sinterhip technology was 430 nm; transverse rupture strength (TRS) was 3850 MPa; Vickers hardness was 1890 and Rockwell A hardness of sintering body was 93. High strength and high hardness ultrafine WC-Co cemented carbide rods used to manufacture printed circuit board (PCB) drills were obtained.     

Mechanical properties of WC/Co cemented carbide with larger WC grain size

The mechanical properties of WC/Co cemented carbide with WC grain size of up to 30 μm are investigated through compressive and transverse rupture tests, because it is now to produce WC/Co cemented carbide of which grain sizes are from 20 to 30 μm. From testing specimens with a WC grain size of 3–30 μm and Co content of 5–20 wt.%, it is found that WC/Co cemented carbide with larger WC grains (20–30 μm) exhibit ductility, whereas smaller-grained materials are characteristically brittle.     

Properties and microstructure of WC–TiC–Co and WC–TiC–MO2C–Co(Ni) cemented carbides

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to observe the changes in microstructure and properties of modified WC–10Co cemented carbides from the viewpoint of the distinctive role played by modified binder phase. Introduction of TiC into WC–10Co cemented carbide results in microstructural non-uniformity, i.e. a wide range of grain size distribution, which in turn gives rise to a drastic drop in values of transverse rupture strength and toughness. The modification of binder and carbide phases by incorporating, respectively, nickel and M02C improves the microstructural uniformity, which ensures better mechanical properties. The present findings have been interpreted in terms of various quantitative microstructural parameters, with particular attention being given to the wettability factor.

MST/1363     

A transmission electron microscopy study of WC-10Co cemented carbides with modified hard and binder phases

The alloy design of WC-10Co cemented carbide, modified with addition of a hard carbide phase, TiC, and with Ni and Mo in the binder phase, has been highlighted by the authors in a number of publications. The present article deals with the fine microstructural features of various phases in such cemented carbides. WC grains in all the investigated cemented carbide compositions appear to develop straight facets during sintering because of their anisotropic nature. In contrast, the TiC phase is characterized by its rounded shape. Dislocations are present in both WC and TiC grains, being of lesser density in the latter. The binder phase is always associated with stacking faults. The nature of the hard phase/binder interfaces has been found to be dependent on the binder phase chemistry. The observed changes in microstructures and mechanical properties have been correlated with the wettability and solubility of the hard phases in the binder melt, and with the different strengthening mechanisms in the binder phase.     

Effect of size and location of spherical pores on transverse rupture strength of WC-Co cemented carbides

The effect of the size and location of spherical pores on the transverse rupture strength of WC-10Co cemented carbides was investigated. Based on the observations of fractographies of the transverse rupture test specimens, it was found that the cracks in WC-10Co cemented carbides initiate from the spherical closed pores near the surface, not from the open pores at the surface. The relationship between the transverse rupture strength and the size and location of the spherical pores was analyzed considering the stress field near the spherical shaped pores. In this analysis, for one spherical pore, a critical location exists within the specimen where the transverse rupture strength is minimized, but not on the surface of the specimen. By considering the various sizes and locations of pores, a map showing the transverse rupture strength according to the location and size of pores was obtained.     

Characterizations of WC–10Co nanocomposite powders and subsequently sinterhip sintered cemented carbide

Ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides, combining high hardness and high toughness, are expected to find broad applications. In this study, WC–10Co–0.4VC–0.4Cr₃C₂ (wt.%) nanocomposite powders, whose average grain size was about 30 nm, were fabricated by spray pyrolysis-continuous reduction and carbonization technology. The as-prepared nanocomposite powders were characterized and analyzed by chemical methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, “sinterhip” was used in the sintering process, by which ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbides with an average grain size of 240 nm were prepared. The material exhibited high Rockwell A hardness of HRA 92.8, Vickers hardness HV₁ 1918, and transverse rapture strength (TRS) of 3780 MPa. The homogeneously dispersed grain growth inhibitors such as VC, Cr₃C₂ in nanocomposite powder and the special nonmetal–metal nanocomposite structure of WC–10Co nanocomposite powder played very important roles in obtaining ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbide with the desired properties and microstructure. There was an abundance of triple junctions in the ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbide; these triple junctions endowed the sintered specimen with high mechanical properties.