湿法碳氮硫共掺杂TiO2的制备及其光催化活性

以全硫碳酸铵为掺杂剂，采用湿法由硫酸钛出发制得碳氮硫共掺杂TiO2，通过XRD和XPS对掺杂TiO2进行了表征，并对掺杂TiO2的光催化活性进行了考察。结果表明，微波辅助加热制备的掺杂TiO2中，C元素部分替位取代了TiO2晶格中的Ti^4＋；N元素以两种掺杂形式存在，即进入TiO2晶格替位取代O2^-产生掺杂和通过化...     

Fe3+-TiO2薄膜经不同温度退火后的可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Fe3+的TiO2薄膜,并在不同温度热处理.用SEM、XPS、UV-vis等分析方法进行结构表征和性能测试,通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液测试其可见光光催化活性.结果表明,723K时掺杂Fe3+的TiO2薄膜已经结晶,粒径为40～50nm.掺杂元素以Fe3+并口Fd2+形式存在于TiO2晶格并取代Ti4+形成Ti-O-Fe键,改变了TiO2的表面态,使TiO2带隙变窄,促进了对可见光的吸收.降解实验结果表明,823K热处理后掺杂铁的TiO2薄膜其光催化活性最好,在25W白炽灯模拟可见光下照射3.0h后,亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率接近30%.     

硫掺杂纳米 TiO2的掺杂机理及可见光催化活性的研究

用酸催化溶胶-凝胶技脲与钛酸丁酯摩尔比S／Ti为3．5时，经500℃热处理后的催化剂的光催化活性最佳．通过XRD、DRS和XPS等研究表明硫掺术合成了硫掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂粉末．光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验结果表明，当硫杂导致二氧化钛晶粒尺寸细化，并有效地抑制了相变温度．在热处理过程中硫由S^2-被氧化为S^4＋并进入到二氧化钛的晶格中取代了部分Ti^4＋位，导致了晶格的畸变，带隙变窄，从而导致对光的吸收发生了向可见光区移动．     

掺杂元素对非晶态纳米二氧化钛光催化性能的彤响

采用溶胶-凝胶法将不同元素转入二氧化钛结构之中,分析元素掺杂对非晶态TiO2颗粒光催化性能的影响。以甲基橙溶液模拟目标污染物,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定甲基橙溶液光照前后吸光度的变化,结果表明,掺杂元素后的非晶态TiO2与未掺杂的纳米TiO2相比具有更好的光催化活性,其中,金属元素FeN最佳掺杂量为1．5％,降解率达到73．02％;稀土元素Ce的最佳掺杂量为1．5％,降解率达到73．33％;非金属元素SN最佳掺杂量为2．5％,降解率达到94．13％。     

二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了纯相和掺杂不同量Fe3+、Zn2+、Cu2+和S2-的TiO2粉体,并讨论了不同热处理温度、掺杂元素及掺杂量对TiO2粉体光催化性能的影响。以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,用紫外可见分光光度计对TiO2粉体的光催化性能进行测定。实验结果表明,煅烧温度为450℃、掺入0.25%的Zn2+的TiO2粉体的催化效果最好。     

硫掺杂TiO2的制备及其光催化降解次甲基蓝研究

以TiCl4、(NH4)2SO4为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硫掺杂纳米TiO2,利用XRD、TEM、FTIR等对样品进行了表征,并将其用于光催化降解次甲基蓝溶液.结果表明:制备的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿晶型,具有超强酸特征,平均粒径分布为10～30nm,S掺杂对TiO2的晶粒长大有抑制作用,经过硫掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性明显优于纯TiO2.     

N、S共掺杂TiO_2催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以硫脲作为N、S源,尿素作为水解调节剂,水热合成了N/S-TiO_2催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、XPS等手段对产品进行了表征。产品分散后,以质量浓度为0.02g·L~(-1)的甲基橙水溶液为模拟污染物,采用UV-vis光谱,多点BET分析及光催化实验研究了所得产品的光催化活性效果。实验结果表明:S以+6价形式进入TiO_2晶格取代Ti形成Ti-O-S键,N通过取代晶格中的O形成O-Ti-N键而改变了TiO_2能带结构。当煅烧温度为500℃时,水热合成出的产品结晶度较高,粒径较小,约17nm左右。光催化活性实验结果表明:当紫外灯照射时间达到1.5h时,N/S-TiO_2催化剂降解甲基橙溶液基本完成,脱色率达到96%以上。     

Sm3+和Gd3+共掺杂TiO2粉体的制备和性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2,1%Sm3+或2%Gd3+单掺杂和1%Sm3+/2%Gd3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD和SEM/EDAX等技术进行表征。以对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为目标反应,评价了TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性,探讨了Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和粉体投加量对TiO2粉体光催化活性的影响机制。结果表明,Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体的光催化活性;Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,使TiO2粒径尺寸减小,增大了TiO2的晶格畸变。当亚甲基蓝初始浓度为4mg/L和粉体投加量为2g/L时,TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性最高,对亚甲基蓝光催化降解率达99.71%;降解亚甲基蓝反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程。     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

铁掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Fe3 的纳米TiO2微粒,采用X光衍射仪对粉体进行了表征.以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了Fe3 掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能.结果表明,掺杂适量Fe3 能够提高TiO2的光催化活性,当Fe3 的掺入量为摩尔比0.41%时催化活性最高.以紫外灯为光源,降解初始浓度为20mg·L-1的250mL甲基橙溶液,催化剂0.41%(摩尔分数)Fe3 -TiO2投加量为0.5g时,甲基橙的光催化降解效果最好.     

Effects of Fe-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 powders prepared by an ultrasonic method

Highly photoactive nanocrystalline mesoporous Fe-doped TiO(2) powders were prepared by the ultrasonic-induced hydrolysis reaction of tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC(4)H(9))(4)) in a ferric nitrate aqueous solution (pH 5) without using any templates or surfactants. The as-prepared samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N(2) adsorption-desorption measurements, UV-visible adsorbance spectra (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air. The results showed that all the Fe-doped TiO(2) samples prepared by ultrasonic methods were mesoporous nanocrystalline. A small amount of Fe(3+) ions in TiO(2) powders could obviously enhance their photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped TiO(2) powders prepared by this method and calcined at 400 degrees C exceeded that of Degussa P25 (P25) by a factor of more than two times at an optimal atomic ratio of Fe to Ti of 0.25. The high activities of the Fe-doped TiO(2) powders could be attributed to the results of the synergetic effects of Fe-doping, large BET specific surface area and small crystallite size.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using a TiO2/Ti mesh electrode with 3D nanotube arrays

To further improve the photocatalytic techniques for water purification and wastewater treatment, we successfully prepared a new type of TiO(2)/Ti mesh photoelectrode, by anodization in ethylene glycol solution. The three-dimensional arrays of nanotubes formed on Ti mesh show a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity, compared to the nanotube arrays formed on foil. This can be demonstrated by about 22 and 38% enhancement in the degradation efficiency per mass and per area, respectively, when TiO(2)/Ti mesh electrode was used to photocatalyze methyl orange (MO). Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on MO photodegradation were investigated, such as different photoelectrode calcination temperature, the initial pH value of MO solution, and the present of hydrogen peroxide. The superior photocatalytic activity could be achieved by the TiO(2)/Ti mesh photoelectrode calcinated at 550 °C, due to the appearance of mixed crystal phases of anatase and rutile. In strong acidic or caustic conditions, such as pH 1 or 13, a high degradation efficiency can be both obtained. The presence of H(2)O(2) in photocatalytic reactions can promote photocatalytic degradation efficiencies. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated the excellent stability and reliability of the TiO(2)/Ti mesh electrode.     

Preparation and characterization of visible-light-driven TiO2 photocatalyst Co-doped with nitrogen and erbium

A series of nitrogen and erbium co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by sol-hydrothermal method. The structure and properties of the photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The XRD and BET results showed that co-doping inhibited the increase of crystallite size and enlarged specific surface areas. XPS spectroscopy indicated nitrogen atoms were incorporated into TiO2 lattice, and erbium atoms mostly existed in the forms of Er2O3. A shift of the absorption edge to the lower energy and four absorption bands located at 654, 544, 524 and 489 nm attributed to the 4f transitions of 4I15/2 --> 4F2/9, 4I15/2 --> 4S3/2, 4I15/2 --> 2H11/2, 4I15/2 --> 4F7/2 of Er3+ were observed using DRS spectroscopy. The catalytic efficency was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the co-doped TiO2 was related with the hydrothermal temperature and the molar ratio of N/Ti, and they showed higher acitivites than pure TiO2. Results determined by fluorescence technique revealed that irradiation (lambda > 400 nm) of TiO2 photocatalyst dispersed in MO solution induces the generation of the highly active hydroxyl radicals (OH). It indicated the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 photocatalyst were correlation with the formation rate of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and other active oxygen species.     

A visible light response TiO2 photocatalyst realized by cationic S-doping and its application for phenol degradation

S-doped TiO2 photocatalyst with high visible light activity was prepared by acid catalyzed hydrolysis method using thiourea (TU) as sulfur source. The catalyst was characterized by DRS, XPS, XRD, FTIR, SEM and N2 adsorption. It was found that cation S6+ was homogeneously incorporated into the bulk phase of TiO2 and substitutes for some of the lattice titanium (Ti4+). Doped S can form a new band above the valence band and narrow the band-gap of the photocatalyst, giving rise to a second absorption edge in the visible light region. The activity of the catalyst was examined by photodegradation of phenol in aqueous solution under both artificial visible light and solar light irradiation. The activity of catalyst was found to be dependent on the doping amount of S and the maximum activity was observed when the catalyst was obtained by calcinated at 600 degrees C with the mass ratio of TU/TiO2=1. Too much of new-generated band-gap structures due to higher S-doping could act as recombination centers for electron-hole pairs. Catalyst with optimum S-doping exhibited the highest activity under both artificial light and solar irradiation for phenol degradation. In addition, doped S also beneficial for the better dispersion, large S(BET) and phase transformation retardation of TiO2.     

活性炭负载纳米TiO2光催化降解气相丙酮

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Fe、N离子共掺杂的以活性炭(AC)为载体的光催化剂(TiO2/AC),在紫外光照射下进行了气相丙酮的光催化降解研究。探讨了丙酮初始质量浓度、紫外光光强、催化剂用量、反应器内湿度等因素对其降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对丙酮的降解效果;紫外光光强的增加对丙酮降解率有一定提高;使用3g光催化剂,丙酮的初始质量浓度为39.40mg/L;反应器内相对湿度为63%时,丙酮的降解效果最好,降解反应155min后丙酮的降解率达92.63%;催化剂循环使用6次后丙酮的降解率为83.91%。     

Synthesis and characterization of Zr4+, La3+ and Ce3+ doped mesoporous TiO2: evaluation of their photocatalytic activity

Sol-gel method was used to synthesize Zr(4+), La(3+) and Ce(3+) doped mesoporous TiO(2) materials with different weight percentage (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%) using triblock copolymer as the structure directing template in ethanol/water medium. Characterization revealed the isomorphic substitution of Zr(4+) ion into the lattice of TiO(2), and surface binding nature of La(3+) and Ce(3+) ions on mesoporous TiO(2). Microscopic examination confirmed the surface adsorption of foreign ion which could alter the particle morphology. The size of the particles was less than 20 nm. Photocatalytic activity of metal ions doped mesoporous TiO(2) was evaluated using aqueous alachlor as a model pollutant. It was found that 1 wt% Ce(3+) doped mesoporous TiO(2) exhibited higher activity than pure and other metal ions doped mesoporous TiO(2). The change of oxidation state of Ce(3+) is suggested to be the cause for enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

TiO2／海泡石催化剂的光催化降解性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用水解．沉淀法制备纳米TiO2,再将其负载于海泡石上制得TiO2/海泡石催化剂,用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对载体催化剂的形貌及晶型进行了分析．以紫外光为光源,在水溶液中以环境激素邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）为降解底物进行光催化性能的研究．结果表明：催化剂的用量和TiO2的负载量对光催化降解速率都有影响．其中TiO2/海泡石催化剂的用量起主要作用,更能影响其光催化速度及DEP的降解．当催化剂用量为4g/L、TiO2负载量为30％时,TiO2/海泡石催化剂的催化效果较好．     

Preparation and enhanced daylight-induced photocatalytic activity of C,N,S-tridoped titanium dioxide powders

A simple method for preparing highly daylight-induced photoactive nanocrystalline C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 powders was developed by a solid-phase reaction. The as-prepared TiO2 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde under daylight irradiation in air. The results show that daylight-induced photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared TiO2 powders were improved by C,N,S-tridoping. The C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 powders exhibited stronger absorption in the near UV and visible-light region with red shift in the band-gap transition. When the molar ratio of CS(NH2)2 to xerogel TiO2 powders (prepared by hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 in distilled water) (R) was kept in 3, the daylight-induced photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 powders were about more than six times greater than that of Degussa P25 and un-doped TiO2 powders. The high activities of the C,N,S-tridoped TiO2 can be attributed to the results of the synergetic effects of strong absorption in the near UV and visible-light region, red shift in adsorption edge and two phase structures of un-doped TiO2 and C,N,S-tridoped TiO2.     

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity under various light sources

Highly ordered nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO(2)) nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity were fabricated by electrochemical anodization, followed by a wet immersion and annealing post-treatment. The morphology, structure and composition of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films were investigated by FESEM, XPS, UV-vis and XRD. The effect of annealing temperature on the morphology, structures, photoelectrochemical property and photo-absorption of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films was investigated. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were applied to the analysis of the intermediates coming from the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The experimental results showed that there were four primary intermediates existing in the photocatalytic reaction. Compared with the pure TiO(2) nanotube array film, the N-doped TiO(2) nanotubes exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in degradating methyl orange into non-toxic inorganic products under both UV and simulated sunlight irradiation.     

Preparation and characterisation of TiO2 nanoparticle and titanate nanotube obtained from Ti-salt flocculated sludge with drinking water and seawater

This study aimed to prepare and characterise titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and titanate nanotubes produced from Ti-sat flocculated sludge with drinking water (DW) and seawater (SW). The Ti-salt flocculated sludge from DW and SW was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the anatase TiO2 structure was predominant for TiO2 from DW (TiO2-DW) and TiO2 from SW (TiO2-SW), which were mainly doped with carbon atoms. Titanate nanotubes (tiNT) were obtained when TiO2-DW and TiO2-SW were hydrothermally treated with NaOH solution. Structure phase, shape, crystallisation and photocatalytic activity of tiNT were affected by the incineration temperature and the amount of sodium present in different tiNT. The tiNT doped with thiourea incinerated at 600 degrees C presented anatase phase, showing a high increase of the degree of crystallisation with nanotube-like structures. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated using photooxidation of gaseous acetaldehyde. Thiourea doped tiNT-DW and tiNT-SW showed similar photocatalytic activity compared to commercially available TiO2-P25 under UV light and indicated a photocatalytic activity under visible light.