小孔节流深浅腔动静压气体轴承承载特性分析

以小孔节流深浅腔动静压气体轴承为研究对象,采用Fluent软件对轴承的承载特性进行分析,研究偏心率、供气压力、主轴转速、气膜厚度、浅腔深度比等因素对轴承承载力和刚度的影响。结果表明:小孔节流深浅腔动静压气体轴承浅腔区的平均压力大于深腔区的平均压力,压力最大区域出现在浅腔末端靠近轴承端面处;随着供气压力的增加,承载力逐渐增大,但供气压力不应超过0.95 MPa;当主轴转速在3×10⁵ r/min以内时,承载力和刚度随着转速的增加呈线性增长规律,当主轴转速超过3×10⁵ r/min继续增加时,承载力和刚度的增长趋势明显放缓;承载力与刚度随着浅腔深度比的增加先增大后减小,当浅腔深度是气膜厚度的1～1.5倍时,承载力与刚度接近最大值。     

螺旋槽狭缝节流动静压气体止推轴承静态特性

为优化动静压气体止推轴承的承载特性,设计一种具有螺旋槽和狭缝节流器结构的动静压气体止推轴承,采用Fluent对轴承静态特性进行仿真分析,通过改变主轴转速、供气压力,研究气膜厚度、螺旋槽宽度、狭缝厚度等参数对轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明:相对狭缝节流止推轴承,增加螺旋槽结构可以提升轴承的动压效应增强,从而提升轴承的承载力和刚度;相同条件下,气膜厚度越大,轴承的承载力和刚度越小;主轴转速和供气压力增加,承载力和刚度均提升明显;螺旋槽宽度增加,轴承的承载力和刚度先增大后减小;狭缝厚度增大,轴承的承载力先增大后不变,刚度先增加后减小;狭缝深度提升,轴承的承载力减小,刚度先增大后减小。     

双向均压槽节流静压气体轴承静态特性分析

为进一步优化径向静压气体轴承的静态性能,提出在传统小孔节流的基础上配合开设轴向和周向均压槽的复合节流式静压气体径向轴承。利用Fluent软件对比分析传统孔式节流与不同形式复合节流静压气体轴承的静态特〖JP2〗性,探究均压槽截面形状及供气压力对轴承静态特性的影响规律;利用正交试验探究节流器各结构参数对承载特性的影响。结果表明：复合节流式静压气体轴承在一定程度上提升了轴承的静态性能,其中均压槽以“口”字形布置以及截面形状为矩形时效果最优;供气压力的增大也可提升轴承静态特性;节流孔直径和均压槽深度对轴承静态特性的影响要大于节流孔深度和均压槽宽度,节流孔直径以及均压槽深度的增大均使得承载力与刚度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。     

微小孔阵列式空气静压止推轴承性能研究

采用FLUENT软件对不同孔径、不同孔数的微小孔阵列式节流空气静压轴承进行了三维CFD仿真,得到了微小孔阵列式节流空气静压轴承的气膜压力分布和气膜刚度等性能数据。结果表明:当节流器阵列小孔个数和直径不变时,气膜承载力与气膜厚度线性正相关;当气膜厚度不变时,节流器阵列小孔个数或直径增加,气膜承载力和轴承的平均承载力均随之增大,轴承刚度最大点对应的气膜厚度也增大;对比传统单孔节流器和微小孔阵列式节流器轴承的气膜压力分布可知,微小孔阵列式轴承的压力稳定性比传统单孔节流轴承有显著提高。     

环形多孔气体静压止推轴承静态性能研究

为提升气体静压止推轴承的静态性能,设计一种新型环形多孔气体静压止推轴承。依据气体润滑原理、采用有限体积法对环形多孔气体静压止推轴承的三维物理模型进行数值模拟,研究节流器上节流孔数量、直径、分布方式和供气压力对气体静压止推轴承静态性能的影响。结果表明：节流孔数量对环形气体静压止推轴承的承载力影响显著,但孔数增加到一定程度后承载力增速放缓;节流孔直径对承载刚度影响较大,随着节流孔直径逐渐减小最佳刚度逐渐增大;节流孔排布方式和供气压力对气体静压止推轴承的静态性能均有明显影响。     

透平膨胀机径向动静压混合气体轴承静特性分析

透平膨胀机应用的小孔节流式静压气体轴承的本质是动静压混合气体轴承,这里将动静压混合气体轴承作为研究对象,从动压轴承和静压轴承角度分别研究其工作原理和静态特性。混合气体轴承中气膜压力分布是求解轴承静态特性的关键,采用有限差分法（FDM）对含有气膜压力的Reynolds方程通过MTLAB编写的程序进行求解,分析混合轴承的工作原理并计算其静态特性。对比分析偏心率、转速、长径比和供气压力等因素对动压轴承和静压轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明：增大偏心率、提高转速、增大供气压力,采用轴承大长径比均可以提高动静压混合气体轴承的承载力;增大偏心率和提高转速,可增大气膜刚度,降低转子姿态角,提高转子稳定性。     

复合节流式静压气体轴承静态特性分析

为进一步提升静压气体轴承的静态性能,以普通孔式节流为基础,配合表面周向和径向槽节流,提出复合节流式静压气体轴承,以充分发挥2种节流方式的优点,使静压气体轴承具有更好的承载能力和刚度。利用Fluent计算轴承内流场参数并分析流场特性,比较复合节流式与普通孔式节流静压气体轴承的承载能力和刚度,并研究孔式参数和表面槽参数对复合节流式静压气体轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明：在一定气膜厚度范围内,复合节流式静压气体轴承对于提升承载力、增强刚度有着显著的效果;复合式节流因为有表面槽二次节流的存在,均压效果更好。增加节流孔数、节流孔直径、节流孔分布圆半径,以及在气膜厚度较小时增加表面槽长、槽宽、槽深,均有利于增加轴承承载力;在气膜厚度较小时,增加节流孔数、减小节流孔直径,以及增加表面槽长和槽宽、降低槽深,均有利于增加轴承刚度。     

多孔集成节流器空气静压轴承承载性能计算与分析

为进一步提升空气静压轴承的承载性能,提出一种具有多孔集成节流器的空气静压轴承。在极坐标系下推导空气静压轴承的控制方程并运用有限差分法进行数值离散,运用超松弛数值迭代方法对空气静压轴承的气膜压力和承载力进行数值求解。结果表明:空气静压轴承气膜内的压力分布随着轴承间隙的增大而减小,空气静压轴承承载力随着轴承间隙的减小逐渐增大;随着多孔集成节流器的节流孔数量的增加其最大承载力逐渐增大,但当节流孔数量增大到一定程度后,最大承载力增加不明显;在节流孔边缘外处会产生气旋现象,气旋和气体流速随着轴承间隙的减小而减小。     

微孔节流器静压气体止推轴承性能分析*

传统固有孔节流静压气体止推轴承研究的理论基础均建立在节流孔直径远大于气膜间隙的前提下,为了探究与气膜间隙同一数量级的微孔节流器静压气体止推轴承的静态性能,建立微孔节流静压气体止推轴承模型,通过CFD软件进行三维仿真,分析不同气膜间隙、孔径、供气压力对轴承静态特性的影响,并与环面节流器静压气体止推轴承进行对比。结果表明:无论是微孔节流器还是环面节流器,在节流孔出口处均有压降出现,但微孔节流器相对于环面节流器在节流孔出口边缘处速度和压力变化较为平缓;随着气膜间隙的增大轴承承载力减小,随着微孔节流器孔径减小轴承刚度增大,相同孔径下供气压力越大轴承承载力和刚度越大。     

划片机中的新型高刚度动静压气体径向轴承

为了提高精密划片机主轴系统的旋转精度和刚度,设计了一种带有可变节流器与可变均压槽相结合的动静压气体径向轴承,通过气膜压力反馈使弹性薄板产生变形,控制节流器与均压槽参数发生变化,从而提高轴承刚度。详细介绍了该轴承的结构、工作原理与工作过程,并与普通双排八孔动静压空气径向轴承的承载力和刚度特性进行了对比试验分析,结果表明该新型轴承的承载力和刚度均明显高于普通轴承。     

Cage Speed of Hydrodynamic Rolling Hybrid Bearings

Hydrodynamic bearings are subjected to wear during starts and stops due to the absence of sufficient film pressure to effect complete separation of the sliding surfaces. In an earlier publication, our group reported the development of a new hydrodynamic rolling hybrid bearing (HRHB) to overcome the wear problem in hydrodynamic bearings. In the configuration, the transition of operation modes between the rolling bearing supporting state and the hydrodynamic bearing supporting state was realized by the clearance of the rolling bearing. Here we report on the development of a method to identify the operation modes for HRHBs based on monitoring the cage speed of the rolling bearing. The variation of cage speed with the shaft speed is measured. The effects of external load and starting time on the cage speed are also investigated experimentally. The results show that variation in the cage speed reflects changes in the load on the rolling bearing, as well as the operation modes of the HRHBs. With increases in the shaft speed, the variation in the cage speed presents three stages: the increasing stage, the decreasing stage, and the stationary stage. In the first two stages, the HRHB works at the rolling bearing supporting state while in stationary stage, the HRHB works at the hydrodynamic bearing supporting state. In additions to its property of no wear sufferance during starts and stops, compared to hydrodynamic bearings there is little risk of catastrophic failure with HRHBs during any interruption to the lubricant supply and compared to rolling bearings there is no fatigue failure. Therefore this hybrid design is useful at very high speeds.     

快堆钠泵动静压导轴承润滑特性分析

快堆钠泵导轴承的润滑介质、工作原理以及润滑状态与传统滑动轴承均有显著不同,目前关于该类轴承的研究鲜有报道。为对钠泵导轴承设计和运行维护提供理论支撑,为以某快堆钠泵工程样机的内反馈轴承为研究对象,考虑紊流和动静压耦合关系等因素,建立了其润滑分析模型,采用自编有限元程序求解得到了典型工况下轴承的动静特性,分析了工况参数与关键结构参数对其润滑特性的影响。结果发现:钠液黏度低、密度大,紊流对液膜的润滑性能具有重要影响;当偏心率小于0.6时,主要由静压起主导作用,当偏心率大于0.6时,动压作用不可忽略,非线性效应增强;间隙增加最小油膜厚度线性增加、流量显著加大、稳定性下降;入口扬程增加,静压作用增强,流量增加,稳定性增强,典型工况下入口扬程应大于50 m才能保证轴承的高可靠性。     

Hybrid journal bearings with particular reference to hole-entry configurations

There is a spectrum of pressure-fed journal bearings ranging from the purely hydrostatic bearing characteristics, ie zero speed operation, to the purely hydrodynamic bearing characteristics which depend completely on speed. Between these two extremes, hybrid bearing characteristics rely on mixed modes of external pressurisation and speed-dependent pressurisation. Large high speed hydrodynamic bearings require the lubricant to be pumped under pressure for temperature control. It is therefore attractive to use this external source of pressure to enhance the start-up performance by reducing wear and improving stability. Hybrid bearings offer the possibility of improving on both the zero-speed characteristics of hydrostatic bearings and on the whole range of speed characteristics of hydrodynamic bearings. It is concluded that hole-entry bearings may be particularly effective when compared with other bearing configurations for good load support and low energy consumption, when used in any of the four modes of operation including: zero-speed hydrostatic mode; high-speed hydrodynamic mode; zero and high-speed hybrid mode; and jacking mode where areas are pressurised for start-up. A modification to the procedure for solving the Reynolds equation is introduced to cope with cavitated regions. The technique presented for solving the bearing pressures and cavitation boundaries is efficient and has relevance to any type of liquid film bearing     

Analysis of viscosity interaction on the misaligned conical–cylindrical bearing

Viscosity is an essential property in hydrodynamic lubrication. In general, the lubricant is not considered to have uniform viscosity within a given bearing. The viscosity of the lubricant is affected by both pressure and temperature. The viscosity of the lubricant increases with pressure and for most lubricants, this effect is much larger than that of temperature or shear when the pressure is significantly above than the atmospheric pressure. This study analyzes the thermal effect of conical–cylindrical bearing performance parameters via the viscosity–pressure–temperature relationships of lubricants. The results reveal that pressure increases both the film viscosity and temperature as well.     

动静压滑动轴承的稳定性分析

根据有限元法对几种类型动静压滑动轴承的计算结果讨论了它们静态承载能力及动态稳定性，并将３６０度圆柱孔动压滑动轴承和油腔式静压滑动轴承的静、动特性与几种动静压滑动轴承的静、动特性进行了对比，从理论上确定了动静压滑动轴承的承载能力优于油腔式静压滑动轴承，动静压滑动轴承的动特性优于３６０度圆柱孔动压滑动轴承。     

A new basis for the optimization of hybrid journal bearings

A design strategy is presented for hybrid hydrodynamic/hydrostatic journal bearings which maximizes the hybrid load for minimum total power dissipation. It is shown that the detailed design of hybrid bearings is quite different from the design of recessed hydrostatic bearings. It is found that design for hybrid operation may lead to substantial increases in load support with significantly less total power dissipation than would be required if the designs were developed from hydrostatic bearing procedures.A new technique for optimizing hybrid journal bearings is presented. The method involves the comparison of the bearings to be optimized with a reference bearing on the basis of load/total power, load/pumping power and load/flow.     

尺寸误差对转子系统摩擦功率的影响

针对滑动轴承转子系统存在的尺寸误差,建立了非线性油膜力模型,着重研究了滑动轴承与轴颈直径误差及其交互作用对系统动力学特性、承载能力和稳定性的影响,并利用稳定性临界转速对应的偏心率,定量分析了偏心率对滑动轴承转子系统摩擦功率损失的影响。图形曲线分析表明,各种尺寸变化对系统会产生不同程度的影响,摩擦功率随着偏心率的增大而减小,当偏心率在0.6948附近时摩擦功率达到最小。研究结果为减小系统功耗、合理设计系统参数提供了可靠的依据。     

磁动压混合推力轴承的研究

提出了一种利用磁场力辅助流体动压轴承工作的磁动压混合推力轴承。这种轴承在机器起动和停车阶段，依靠磁场力支承转子系统，当机器达到一定转速后，主要由动压油膜承受轴上载荷，从而克服了流体动压轴承在此阶段出现混合摩擦的问题。研究了这种混合推力轴承承载能力的数学模型，计算了磁轴承的承载能力。设计制造了试验装置并对这种轴承在不同气隙和转速下的性能进行了试验测试。结果表明这种磁动压混合的工作原理是可行的，可以改善流体动压轴承的工作性能。     

Analysis of Viscosity Interaction and Heat Transfer on the Dual Conical-Cylindrical Bearing©

Viscosity is an essential property in hydrodynamic lubrication. In general, the lubricant is not considered to have uniform viscosity within a given bearing. The viscosity of the lubricant is affected by both pressure and temperature. The viscosity of the lubricant increases with pressure and, for most lubricants, this effect is much larger than that of temperature or shear when the pressure is significantly above atmospheric pressure. This study analyzes the thermal effect of dual conical-cylindrical bearing performance parameters via the viscosity-pressure-temperature relationships of lubricants. The results reveal that pressure increases both the film viscosity and temperature.