透射电镜下纳米材料的操纵

纳米材料以其不同于体材料的优异性能和广阔的应用前景成为材料和物理学研究的热点。纳米材料的性能与其结构密切相关，例如纳米碳管，可以表现为半导体性或金属性。传统的测量手段只能分别得到结构和性能的信息，无法满足纳米材料研究的需要，而且，作为未来电子器件的基本构成单元，纳米材料的原位操控和测量对纳米材料的性能研究和进一步构造新型电子器件也是非常有益和必要的。     

ZnO纳米棒的制备与表征

近年来，一维纳米材料如纳米管、纳米线、纳米棒等由于在纳米电子器件和光电子器件中的潜在应用前景而吸引了众多科研小组的兴趣。ZnO纳米材料作为一种宽带系半导体，因其可以在各种高科技产品中的应用如光催化剂、气敏元件、光电二极管、变电阻等已引起人们广泛的研究，到现在为止，许多方法用来制备一维ZnO纳米材料，如电弧法、化学气相沉积、模板法和电化学沉积等。本文用溶液法合成ZnO纳米棒，并对其进行电子显微学的观察与表征。     

ZnS一维纳米结构中的高密度孪晶

一维纳米材料在纳米电子器件和光电子器件方面具有潜在的应用前景,因此,近年来有关一维纳米材料的研究吸引了许多科研小组的兴趣。已经制备出各种一维纳米构态例如纳米线、纳米带等。在众多已制备的一维纳米材料中,ZnS作为一种宽带系半导体在很多领域有着广泛的应用。它可以用在光学涂料、固态太阳能电池、光电调节器,光电导元件、场效应晶体管,     

六方柱状SiC纳米线的TEM表征

自Iijima发现碳纳米管以来，一维纳米材料（纳米管、纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带等）由于优异、有趣的性能，引起了人们极大的兴趣，对各种纳米材料的制备、结构、性能的研究已广泛地开展起来。SiC纳米线由于具有优越的力学、热学、电学性能和高的物理、化学稳定性、热导率、临界击穿电场、电子饱和迁移率等特性，在高温、高频、大功率、高密度集成电子器件等方面具有巨大的应用潜力，也可作为塑料、金属和陶瓷等复合材料的增强相，受到人们密切的关注。     

多种形貌Ag2S纳米颗粒的制备及表征

Ag2S是一种化学稳定性高的窄能带半导体材料，广泛应用于光电池、光电导器件、红外检测器和快离子导体等领域，而纳米Ag2S由于高的比表面积和量子尺寸效应，可以表现出与体材料不同的性能；除了尺度，纳米颗粒的形状也会影响其物性。因此，对特定形状纳米材料的合成与结构表征是纳米材料研究的一个重要内容。     

碳化硅纳米线中的一维无序结构

控制合成一维纳米材料是当前纳米材料的研究热点,纳米线的物理、力学等性能与他们的微观结构和几何形貌是密切相关的。SiC纳米线由于具有优越的力学、热学、电学性能和高的物理、化学稳定性、热导率、临界击穿电场、电子饱和迁移率等特性,在高温、高频、大功率及高密度集成电子器件等方面具有巨大的应用潜力,也可作为塑料、金属和陶瓷等复合材料的增强相,     

单晶金纳米真空隧道结的超快电子发射研究

超快脉冲激光激发的纳米真空器件能够同时实现高频率和低功耗,并且有望将电子器件响应时间推进至飞秒甚至阿秒量级,从而进一步提高器件的工作频率,是未来高频电子器件的重要技术路线。本文利用原子级平整的单晶金设计并制备了一种基于领结型(bowtie)纳米隧道结的新型电子隧穿器件。重点研究了器件静态和超快激光激发的电子发射性能,利用模拟计算研究了bowtie结构对电子发射性能的影响,深入分析了器件的光电子发射机制,实现了具有四次幂的高非线性多光子发射电流,有望实现新型超快纳米真空电子器件。     

超快激光纳米线连接技术研究进展

随着新型材料特别是纳米材料在柔性多功能微纳光电子器件中的广泛应用,实现低维度下高质量材料互连成为了微纳器件高性能制造的关键。针对纳米材料自身的尺度及结构限制,传统宏观、微观尺度下的材料互连技术将难以实现在微纳空间上对输入能量的高精度控制,进而难以降低连接过程中的材料损伤。本文对基于光激励下表面等离子激元效应的超快激光纳米线连接技术进行了综述,分析了激光-材料相互作用过程中的等离子激元效应在纳米结构中的产生及分布特征,对光辐照下纳米线结构中的空间能量重分布及相应的控制策略进行了总结。同时,本文分别针对金属-金属纳米线、异质金属-氧化物/半导体纳米线以及跨尺度的纳米线,阐述了超快激光纳连接过程中的能量输入、材料损伤特征以及纳米接头的形成。最后,针对纳米线连接得到的低损伤纳米线结构,探索了超快激光纳米线连接技术在微纳光电子器件单元制造中的潜在应用。     

上海光机所二维半导体非线性光学研究取得多项突破

<正>过渡金属硫化物二维纳米材料是继石墨烯后又一类重要的二维半导体纳米材料,特别是其可见到近红外波段的可调谐带隙特性在开发新型光电功能器件方面具有独特优势。然而,该类半导体带隙的层数依赖特性对其非线性光学响应的影响规律及物理机理目前尚不清楚,大大限制了该类材料在开发高性能超快光调制器     

金属／洋葱状富勒烯的HRTEM与光学性能研究

利用金属/洋葱状富勒烯奇异的分子结构和独特的光电性能，引发世人研究采用多种方法制备富勒烯复合材料，将金属纳米微粒加入到洋葱状富勒烯的笼状中空内，用以制成具有特殊性能的纳米材料，并逐渐成为研究热点。本实验采用催化化学气相沉积法制备出了金属/洋葱状富勤烯，采用SEM和HRTEM进行结构表征，并对其荧光性能进行了分析。     

Recent Progress on Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications,Optical Properties,and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

Nanomaterials have demonstrated excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties in various fields, including 1D carbon nanotubes, as well as 2D materials starting from graphene. Metal-based nanomaterials, mainly divided into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, also gradually come into the sight of ultrafast photonics applications due to the outstanding optical properties. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by the interaction between conduction electrons with electric fields that is called surface plasmon resonance. As for metal oxide nanoparticles, optical properties are closely related to bandgap structures. When it comes to transition metal oxides, other phenomena also play important roles in optical absorption such as spin inversion and excitons of iron. Moreover, preparation methods of materials are also crucial for their properties and further applications. Therefore, in this review, commonly used physical and chemical fabrication methods for metal-based nanomaterials are first introduced. Then the optical properties of typical metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed specifically. In addition, the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers based on mode-locked and Q-switched techniques are also summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook toward the synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast photonics of metal-based nanomaterials are presented.     

Fabrication of Glass-Ceramic 3D Micro-Optics by Combining Laser Lithography and Calcination

This perspective is an overview of a recent direction in optical 3D printing, where polymerization of crosslinkable materials and nanomaterial fillers can be guided to the final structures and new composites via high temperature annealing (HTA). Defining 3D nano/micro-structures by ultrafast laser direct writing and tailoring their precursor composition with subsequent tunability of the final properties during 750–1500 °C HTA step takes place at the large surface-to-volume ratio conditions favoring efficient pyrolysis and calcination, which are required for exchange of chemical materials/gases between glass/ceramic phase and surrounding. Previously, unexplored inorganic material formation conditions in terms of fast thermal quenching, composition mixing and surface tension guided formation can be harnessed by glass making for creation of new materials endowed with preferable technical properties. An immediate application perspective for a high durability, integrated, and active 3D micro-optics is foreseen.     

二维半导体光电性质与器件研究进展简述

二维半导体材料,如过渡金属硫族化合物,以其在光电器件方面展现出的独特性能与巨大潜力,成为后摩尔时代有极大发展前景的新半导体材料.二维材料具有独特的光电性质,如直接带隙的电子结构,谷自旋电子学特性,强激子效应等,而利用以上性质,此类材料可用于光探测器、场效应晶体管、高效微纳传感器、光电子电路等微纳光电器件中.因此,以过渡金属硫族化合物为代表的二维半导体材料无论在基础科学与未来应用方面,都是重要的备选材料.     

基于二维材料非线性效应的多波长超快激光器研究进展(特邀)

多波长超快激光器在光通信、医学诊断和光学传感等各种应用中有着十分重要的应用前景。2009年以来，石墨烯、拓扑绝缘体、过渡金属硫化物和黑磷等二维材料在超快光子学领域的发展非常快速。它们独特的非线性光学特性，使之能够被用作快速响应、宽带运转的可饱和吸收体且能够容易地集成到激光器中。研究发现，基于二维材料的非线性光学器件是研究激光器内非线性脉冲动力学演化的理想平台。在文中，回顾了二维材料在多波长超快激光器中应用的最新进展。进而，阐述了多波长的耗散孤子、矩形脉冲和亮暗孤子对等脉冲类型。最后，提出了这类多波长超快激光器面临的挑战和应用前景。     

Laser mode locking using a saturable absorber incorporating carbon nanotubes

This paper describes a new class of saturable absorber device based on single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)-the saturable absorber incorporating nano tube (SAINT). The device possesses ultrafast optical properties comparable to that of the industrial standard semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Passively mode-locked picosecond fiber lasers in different configurations are demonstrated using SAINTs as mode lockers. This is the first demonstration of optical pulsed lasers based on the carbon nanotube technology, and the first practical application of carbon nanotubes in the field of applied optics.     

透明介质材料的超快激光微纳加工研究进展

透明介质材料具有高透光性、高耐热性和良好的耐腐蚀性,被广泛应用于航空航天、微电子器件和光学元件等领域,这些应用对透明介质材料微纳加工的精度与质量提出了一定的要求。超快激光具有超高的峰值强度与超短的脉冲持续时间,可突破衍射极限并极小化热影响区,具有出色的加工精度与加工质量,为透明介质材料的微纳尺度加工提供了多样化的手段。综述了透明介质材料的超快激光微纳加工研究进展,包括超快激光加工透明介质材料的内部结构、相关机理和应用领域三个方面,并对透明介质材料的超快激光微纳加工进行了总结与展望。     

硅基集成光电子器件的新进展

综述了硅基微纳激光器、调制器、探测器及光传输控制器件的最新研究进展.重点阐述了表面等离子体、量子阱、光子晶体及纳米光栅等新型结构在提高器件综合性能和降低器件尺寸方面的重大作用.同时,还展示了用标准互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术,实现硅基光子器件和电子器件在同一基片上微纳集成的巨大前景.     

Production and Patterning of Liquid Phase–Exfoliated 2D Sheets for Applications in Optoelectronics

2D materials (2DMs), which can be produced by exfoliating bulk crystals of layered materials, display unique optical and electrical properties, making them attractive components for a wide range of technological applications. This review describes the most recent developments in the production of high‐quality 2DMs based inks using liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE), combined with the patterning approaches, highlighting convenient and effective methods for generating materials and films with controlled thicknesses down to the atomic scale. Different processing strategies that can be employed to deposit the produced inks as patterns and functional thin‐films are introduced, by focusing on those that can be easily translated to the industrial scale such as coating, spraying, and various printing technologies. By providing insight into the multiscale analyses of numerous physical and chemical properties of these functional films and patterns, with a specific focus on their extraordinary electronic characteristics, this review offers the readers crucial information for a profound understanding of the fundamental properties of these patterned surfaces as the millstone toward the generation of novel multifunctional devices. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated to the 2DMs' integration into working opto‐electronic (nano)devices is discussed.     

准一维半导体纳米材料的研究进展

探索准一维纳米结构材料的维数和尺寸,对其光学、电学和力学等性质的影响有很大的研究价值。介绍了半导体纳米棒、纳米线、纳米带等典型准一维纳米材料的一些最新研究进展,并对准一维纳米材料的研究趋势作了展望。     

The incorporation of microscopic material models into the FDTDapproach for ultrafast optical pulse simulations

We are developing full-wave vector Maxwell equation solvers for use in studying the physics and engineering of linear and nonlinear integrated photonics systems. Particular emphasis has been given to the interaction of ultrafast optical pulses with nonresonant and resonant optical materials and structures. Results are reviewed that simulate the interaction of ultrafast optical pulses with structures (e.g., gratings of finite length) filled with materials exhibiting resonant loss or gain. In particular, we consider structures loaded with atomic media resonant at or near the frequency of the incident optical radiation. Interest in these problems follows from our desire to design micron-sized linear and nonlinear guided-wave couplers, modulators, and switches. These resonant problems pose interesting FDTD modeling issues because of the many time and length scales involved. To understand the physics underlying the small-distance scale and short-time scale interactions, particularly in the resonance regime of the materials and the associated device structures, a first principles approach is desirable. Thus, the results presented are based upon a quantum mechanical two-level atom model for the materials. The resulting Maxwell-Bloch model requires a careful marriage between microscopic (quantum mechanical) material models of the resonant material systems and the multidimensional, macroscopic Maxwell's equations solver. The FDTD numerical issues are discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the design and control of these resonant large-scale optical structures. An optical triode is designed and characterized with the FDTD Maxwell-Bloch simulator