引江济淮工程膨胀土水泥改性剂量研究

膨胀土具有遇水膨胀、失水收缩的工程特性,掺加一定量水泥对其进行改性是处理膨胀土的主要方法之一。选取引江济淮工程弱膨胀土,通过对素膨胀土和改性土的自由膨胀率、界限含水率及无侧限抗压强度的试验分析,揭示了水泥掺量和养护日期对引江济淮工程弱膨胀土的物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随掺灰率的增加,改性膨胀土的自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数均降低,无侧限抗压强度增加;(2)随养护日期的增加,自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数减小,无侧限抗压强度增大;(3)基于本研究试验结果,同时综合考虑工程实际,建议引江济淮工程弱膨胀土水泥改性剂量为4%。     

Assessment of relationships between drilling rate index and mechanical properties of rocks

This paper examines the relationships between drilling rate index (DRI) and some mechanical properties of rocks in order to evaluate the effect of strength and indexes of rock on rock drillability. For this purpose, some index properties (in situ Schmidt rebound hardness (SRH), Shore scleroscope hardness (SSH), and point load strength (PLS)) and strength properties (uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS)) values of 32 sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock samples were determined. The relationships between DRI and both strength and indexes properties were evaluated using regression analysis and statistical methods. As a result, decreasing linear relationships were found between DRI and uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt rebound hardness, Shore scleroscope hardness, diametral and axial point load strength.     

Shear strength estimation of plastic clays with statistical and neural approaches

Because shear strength parameters highly influence the bearing capacity of soils, several researchers have carried out large number of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at understanding soil strength behaviors. Within this context, the determination of correlations between soil index properties and shear strength parameters for specific soil types is possible. The aim of this study is to observe the performance of statistical and artificial neural network (ANN)-based methods on establishing correlations between index properties and shear strength parameters of normally consolidated plastic clays. To collect modeling data, consolidated-undrained triaxial tests were performed on normally consolidated plastic clays obtained from the same region. Additionally, detailed statistical analyses were conducted on the test data. Results indicate that the ANN-based model is superior in determining the relationships between index properties and shear strength parameters. However, in order to get appropriate outcomes, specific care must be dedicated when applying ANN-based correlation models.     

Residual shear strength of soils

Conclusion The relations between the residual shear strength of soils and their index properties have been proved. Best correlation appeared to be between the residual shear strength and the index of plasticity. However, the correlation is not enough to enable the simple index tests to be substituted for the complex residual shear tests.     

粉磨时间对矿物掺合料颗粒特性的影响

研究了粉磨时间对粉煤灰、矿渣和钢渣等工业废渣的颗粒特征和性能的影响.通过测试各物料在不同粉磨时间下的粒径分布、强度活性指数和微观形貌表明粉磨对各物料颗粒特征和性能的影响是不同的.这说明针对不同物料应该建立独立的、经济的粉磨制度.同时,对各物料颗粒性能进行的研究将为高性能辅助性胶凝材料级配研究提供依据.     

构度指标与黄土力学特性指标的关系研究

西北地区基础设施建设涉及地基、边坡、洞室、支护及环境等岩土工程,由于黄土对水敏感性、特有结构性及结构强度,常因黄土的结构性损伤及结构强度遇水衰减而产生许多岩土工程问题,如:“基础不均匀沉降、边坡滑坡、洞室工程塌方、支护位移变形、围岩稳定性及岩土生态环境问题”,这些岩土工程问题都与黄土的力学性质有关,且黄土的力学特性起主要作用。构度指标反映了土的初始结构性,是个基本物性指标,本文主要研究构度指标对黄土力学特性指标的影响。研究表明:构度指标随压缩系数增大而减小,随压缩模量增大而增大,随湿陷系数增大而增大;在处理黄土工程问题、分析黄土力学特性等方面,构度指标具有很好的实用性、合理性。     

粗集料性能对路面混凝土抗折强度的影响

本文研究了粗集料的最大粒径、级配和压碎指标值等对路面混凝土抗折强度的影响，结果表明，合适的最大粒径和连续级配有助于提高混凝土的抗折强度，粗集料的压碎指标值与混凝土的抗折强度没有明显的相关关系。     

Modelling tensile/compressive strength ratio of artificially cemented clean sand

The present work proposes a new theoretical model for predicting both the splitting tensile strength (q_t) and the compressive strength (q_u) of artificially cemented sand and assesses their ratio for a given material. The proposed model is based on the concept of the superposition of the failure strength contributions of the sand and cement phases. The sand matrix obeys the concept of critical state soil mechanics, while the strength of the cemented phase can be described using the Drucker-Prager failure criterion. The analytical solutions are compared against the results of tests on three different types of cemented clean sand cured for different time periods. While the analytical relation fits the experimental data well, it also provides a theoretical basis for the explanation of some features related to the experimentally derived strength relationships for cemented clean sand. The value of the power relationship between the strength and the porosity/cement ratio index seems to be governed by the soil matrix properties, while the interdependency of the strength and the curing time can also be captured. For a given cemented sand, the model equally confirms the existence of a unique tensile/compressive strength ratio (q_t/q_u), independent of the curing time and primarily governed by the compressive to tensile strength ratio (or the friction properties) of the cement. It is also confirmed that the q_t/q_u ratio changes within a narrow range for different frictional properties of the cementing phase.     

Canonical ridge correlation of mechanical and engineering index properties

Mechanical properties of rocks are known to be correlated by their engineering index properties. However, the interactions between these properties are quite complex. In this article, the associations between mechanical and hardness properties and also between mechanical and abrasion properties of samples collected from an andesite quarry are studied by using canonical ridge technique. Mechanical properties included uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, while index properties consist of Shore scleroscope hardness, Schmidt hammer hardness, cone indenter hardness, Bohme surface abrasion, Los Angeles abrasion with 100 and 500 revolutions. It was found that in a multivariate setting the relationship between mechanical and abrasion properties is stronger than the relationship between mechanical and hardness properties.     

黄河口入海泥沙沉积固结过程长期现场观测研究

根据2004年4月至2009年6月在黄河口潮坪进行的长期现场观测试验结果,研究了黄河泥沙沉积后的固结过程。研究发现：入海泥沙沉积后,强度呈线性增长,孔隙水压力消散曲线符合指数模型,5 d内固结基本完成呈现似超固结状态,沿深度方向强度出现分层现象,并逐渐非均匀化。沉积后的泥沙在自重应力和海洋水动力的长期作用下,土体的强度呈现增长-降低-增长的趋势,沿深度非均匀性提高。首次揭示了黄河入海泥沙的快速固结特性及形成的沉积物强度随时间与空间的非均匀性变化规律。     

自密实混凝土的力学性能研究

对自密实混凝土的力学性能进行了研究,探讨了自密实混凝土的抗压强度、抗压尺寸效应、劈拉强度、养护龄期、抗折强度以及各强度指标之间的关系.     

A correlation between P-wave velocity,impact strength index,slake durability index and uniaxial compressive strength

Impact strength index, slake durability index and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) are important properties of a rock mass which are used widely in geological and geotechnical engineering. In this study, the mechanical properties of one igneous, three sedimentary and three metamorphic rock types were determined in the laboratory and correlated with P-wave velocity. Empirical equations have been developed to predict the impact strength index, slake durability index and UCS from P-wave velocity, which may avoid the necessity for time-consuming and tedious laboratory testing. To check the sensitivity of the empirical relations, a t test was performed which confirmed the validity of the proposed correlations.      

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土(RPC)和渗浇钢纤维混凝土(SIFCON)两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料(Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC)的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明:UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1MPa、韧性指数I20最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

Basic parameters governing the behaviour of cement-treated clays

Although extensive research has been conducted on the mechanical behaviour of Portland cement-treated soft clays, there has been less emphasis on the correlation of the observed behaviour with clay mineralogy. In this study, experimental results from the authors have been combined with the data found in the literature to investigate the effect of parameters such as curing time, cement content, moisture content, liquidity index, and mineralogy on the mechanical properties of cement-treated clays. The findings show that undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cemented clays still continue to increase after relatively long curing times; expressions are proposed to predict the strength and sensitivity with time. This parametric study also indicates the relative importance of the activity of the soil, as well as the water–cement ratio, to the mechanical properties of cementitious admixtures. Two new empirical parameters are introduced herein. Based on the results of unconfined compression, undrained triaxial, and oedometer tests on cement-enhanced clays, expressions that use these parameters to predict undrained shear strength, yield stress, and the slope of the compression line are proposed. The observed variations in the mechanical behaviour with respect to mineralogy and the important effect of curing time are explained in terms of the pozzolanic reactions. The possible limitations of applying Abrams׳ law to cement–admixed clays are also discussed.     

碱液加固黄土的电阻率特征试验及其效果评价

为建立快速无损的评价碱液处理黄土场地体系,探寻电测无损检测结果与场地工程力学特性之间的联系,在室内开展了不同浓度碱液处理原状黄土试样的电阻率测试及直剪试验,得到了碱液处理后黄土试样的剪应力-应变曲线变化趋势; 进一步分析碱液处理黄土场地的抗剪强度特性和电阻率特征,得到了指标间的定量联系,并以碱液浓度为关键变量对抗剪强度指标与电阻率、液限、塑限等物理力学参数进行关联分析。基于硬化型曲线的数学模型,给出了考虑碱液处理浓度和电阻率影响的剪应力-剪应变预测关系。最终根据抗剪强度、最大干密度、塑性指数等工程力学参数的变化情况,提出了基于电阻率变化的碱液处理黄土工程力学性能变化的量化评价。结果表明:随着碱液浓度的增加,液限、塑限均出现增大的趋势,最大干密度随着碱液浓度的增加而减小; 处理后的黄土试样剪应力-剪应变曲线呈现硬化型曲线的特征,且随着碱液浓度的增大,抗剪强度逐渐增加,电阻率值逐渐减小。     

The relationship between physical and chemical weathering indices of granites around Seoul,Korea

In order to assess the relationship between chemical weathering indices and physical properties of granite, physical and chemical analyses were performed on both natural and artificially weathered granite samples from the Seoul area, where the pH of the rainfall occasionally drops to below 5. The results suggest that slake durability, uniaxial compressive strength, Ruxton ratio, Parker index, modified weathering potential index, chemical alteration index and loss on ignition effectively revealed changes of the degree of chemical weathering. However, the study showed no such good correlation between chemical and physical properties except dry density against loss on ignition and modified weathering potential index against uniaxial compressive strength. It is recommended that both physical and chemical indices should be used for the classification of weathering grade for the granites in the Seoul area.

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Influence of surrounding environments and strain rates on the strength of rocks subjected to uniaxial compression

Uniaxial compression tests were performed under various non-atmospheric environments and constant strain rates on Kumamoto andesite. The environments considered were water vapor, organic vapor such as methanol, ethanol and acetone, and inorganic gas such as argon, nitrogen and oxygen. The strength of rock increased in the order of water vapor, methanol, ethanol and acetone vapor, and the stress corrosion index changed with changing environment even for the same rock type. The stress corrosion index was evaluated to be 31 in consideration of the water vapor pressure and strain rate. The stress corrosion index in this research showed good agreement with other researchers’ results and it can be concluded that the stress corrosion index is one of the constants representing the mechanical properties of the rock. However, it is an environment-dependent factor and may vary owing to the difference of hydroxyl ion concentrations that may exist in the same rock. Finally, it was shown that the time to failure is delayed by decreasing water vapor pressure in the surrounding environment, and then the long-term strength of rock under water vapor pressure can be estimated, based on sub-critical crack growth due to stress corrosion.     

竹木复合建筑模板制备工艺研究

探究不同的竹木组坯方式对竹木复合建筑模板力学性能的影响。结果显示,竹束占比约50%的竹木复合建筑模板性能最好,此时的静曲强度和弹性模量分别超过70MPa、7000MPa,胶合强度为6MPa以上,均超过建筑模板的企业技术指标要求。其他组坯方式的竹木复合建筑模板也大多能达到强度要求。可为开发性能更好的竹木复合建筑模板提供理论参考与数据支撑。     

Property evaluation of magnesium phosphate cement mortar as patch repair material

The properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortars with different magnesium to phosphate (M/P) molar ratios and sand to binder (S/B) weight ratios have been investigated. The experimental results show that both M/P and S/B ratios have large influence on the setting time and mechanical properties of MPC mortars. Therefore, the formulation has to be optimized in terms of the workability, performance, as well as cost consideration. Besides, the bond strength is an important performance index for a patch repair material and hence received particular attention in this study. The test results demonstrate that MPC mortars have superior bond strength to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar/concrete substrate. Finally, the volume stability measurements illustrate that the drying shrinkage of MPC based repair mortars is much less than that of OPC mortar. It is demonstrated that MPC mortar is promising to be utilized in patch repair and maintenance works of concrete.     

C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土制备与性能研究

针对铁铝酸盐水泥快硬、低收缩与高耐蚀特性,结合结构工程对铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土的需求,采用缓凝型聚羧酸减水剂制备C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土,并探索其力学性能与耐久性能。结果表明,C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土拌合物性能良好,出机坍落度215mm,90min损失仅为10mm,凝结时间可保证施工。28d抗压强度达到C50强度等级,84d电通量低至169C,28d开裂指数35%,耐久性能优于普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土。