蒸爆技术及其在植物纤维素资源中的应用

介绍了蒸爆原理,类型和几种蒸爆工艺条件。同时还介绍了蒸爆在植物纤维素水解和制无胶板中的应用,此外本文还对蒸爆设备作简要描述。     

蒸爆技术及其在植物纤维素资源中的应用简介

介绍了蒸爆原理、类型和几种蒸爆工艺条件,以及蒸爆在植物纤维素水解和制无胶板中的应用。     

农作物秸杆的蒸爆处理与无胶纤维板的制造

本文介绍了农作物秸杆的蒸爆处理与蒸爆技术的应用，以及无胶纤维板的制造技术。     

蒸爆技术应用于甘蔗渣的回收利用

纤维素的晶体结构影响了纤维素分子降解,为了有效利用甘蔗渣,必须对原料进行预处理。介绍了蒸爆预处理的原理及类型,并考察了蒸爆压力和时间对甘蔗渣水解的影响。     

甘蔗渣的蒸爆及水解技术的研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,对蒸爆预处理进行了研究,考察了蒸爆压力和时间对甘蔗渣水解的影响,并研究了稀酸蒸爆对还原糖得率的影响。     

植物纤维素蒸爆及水解技术通过鉴定

植物纤维素蒸爆及水解技术通过鉴定我院和东台市粮油机械厂合作完成的植物纤维素蒸爆及水解技术研究项目在化工部科技司主持下，于１９９３年１２月２４日在南京通过专家鉴定。该蒸爆技术对玉米棒芯、玉米秸杆、稻草等蒸爆裂解取得了良好的结果，蒸爆处理后的玉米棒芯多糖...     

甘蔗渣的蒸爆及水解技术的研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,对蒸爆预处理进行了研究,考察了蒸爆压力和时间对甘蔗渣水解的影响。并研究了稀酸蒸焊对还原糖得率的影响。     

甘蔗渣的蒸爆及水解技术的研究

蒸爆予处理甘蔗渣的主要影响因素是压力和处理时间,实验主要考察蒸爆压力和时间对甘蔗渣水解的影响和稀酸蒸 爆对还原糖得率影响。实验设备： 间歇蒸爆器, 方法： 甘蔗渣 30 g于蒸爆器中密封,升温至一定压力,维持若干时间,卸压后,取出物料于恒温水浴中酸解 2 h,测还原糖浓度变化。压力 与时间选取 0 6、 1 0、 1 6 MPa, 3、 5、 6 5、 8、 10min,结果： 0 6 MPa糖浓度较低并随时间增加而增加 ,1 0MPa浓度整体升高, 8min出现最高值 ;1 6 MPa、 5 min出现最高值,较高压力下时间对浓度影响较大。蒸爆后酸解、还原糖得率随压力增…     

玉米秸秆稀酸蒸汽爆破协同作用机制研究

以玉米秸秆原料,进行蒸汽爆破处理,比较了水蒸气蒸爆、稀酸和稀酸蒸爆3种预处理方法,通过对3种预处理过程中米秸秆纤维组分变化、纤维素和半纤维素降解产物和玉米秸秆结构分析以及酶解试验,探讨稀酸蒸汽爆破的协同作用机制.结果表明,稀酸蒸爆协同作用包括稀酸的软化和蒸汽爆破的活化两种机制:一是通过稀酸脱除大部分的半纤维素破坏了半纤...     

纳米纤维素环保高效制备研究进展?

概述了纳米纤维素的制备研究现状及环保化发展趋势。重点对通过多物理场耦合蒸爆可控解离天然植物纤维素获得结构和性质可调的纳米纤维素进行了展望,指出了蒸爆技术应用于纳米纤维素高效环保制备需解决的主要问题,提出新型纳米纤维素制备技术朝着高效、环保的方向发展。     

Steam Explosion of Pinus radiata Bark

The steam explosion of Pinus radiata bark has been studied. The effect of time, temperature, and bark moisture content upon water-leachable colour after steam treatment, and upon the extractives, lignin, carbohydrate, inorganic constituents, and the bark matrix have been examined. The process of steam explosion condensed the tannins and flavonoids to form less-extractable species, whilst generating extractable carbohydrate material. The yield of water-insoluble bark matrix after steam explosion remained almost constant (80–82% of original material) over the range of treatment conditions examined.     

Polyvinyl alcohol‐modified Pithecellobium Clypearia Benth herbal residue fiber/polypropylene composites

Pithecellobium Clypearia Benth herbal residues (PHRs) were pretreated by steam explosion to produce PHR fibers (PHRFs) that were subsequently co‐steam explosion modified with various molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). High value use of PHRs was realized when the unmodified PHRFs and modified PHRFs were used to reinforce polypropylene (PP). The component and structural changes of PHRFs, as well as the mechanism of PVA action during co‐steam explosion, were analyzed. The effect of the PVA co‐steam explosion on the mechanical properties, water absorption and interfacial properties of PHRF/PP composites were also studied as a function of PVA molecular weight. Relative to unmodified‐PHRF/PP composites, the mechanical and interfacial properties were improved, while water absorption was almost unchanged, for composites containing PHRFs modified by PVA co‐steam explosion. This was because PVA had been grafted on to the PHRFs during the co‐steam explosion. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:915–924, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

汽爆预处理技术在纤维素乙醇工业化中的应用及实践

纤维素乙醇技术是推动秸秆高值化利用、缓解环境压力的重要途径之一。在整个工艺过程中,原料预处理对于纤维素乙醇技术的发展起着至关重要的作用。其中,蒸汽爆破是目前应用最广、工业化水平最高的预处理技术之一。综述了汽爆技术在纤维素乙醇工业化装置中的应用,按照汽爆方式、汽爆设备类型、工艺流程和添加的化学试剂的不同,对汽爆工艺和设备分别进行了介绍。综合而言,两段式连续汽爆预处理能够有效的降低半纤维素降解产生的抑制物,提高木糖回收率,降低原料成本,是比较有应用前途的技术之一,对设备的耐压能力和稳定性以及系统控制水平要求较高。从化学试剂的使用来看,中性或低酸汽爆是未来工业发展的方向。     

褐煤汽爆提质新方法

利用汽爆方法对内蒙褐煤进行了汽爆粉碎和改质初步研究,考察了汽爆设备、工艺条件和汽爆效果,同时进行了汽爆工艺条件对褐煤改质的影响。结果显示,单次汽爆过程对褐煤具有明显的粉碎效果,汽爆过程对褐煤具有显著的改质作用。停留1h,随着汽爆温度的提高,褐煤水分降幅达63．6％,挥发分降低11．3％,氧质量分数降低48％,含碳量提高了12．9％,褐煤质量得到明显改善。     

Low energy steam explosion treatment of plant biomass

The rational operational condition for maximizing the pretreatment effect on plant biomass while minimizing heat required was investigated. Eucalyptus globulus chips were used to evaluate the operational method for the most efficient conversion of plant biomass into useful materials by steam explosion. The energy consumption required to carry out the steam explosion was calculated by considering the mass balances of the water, the wood component, and the heat balance in the steam explosion apparatus. The energy consumption increased significantly with the increase of steam pressure and steaming time, and decreased rapidly with increase of the thickness of the heat‐insulating material in the steam explosion apparatus. The amount of methanol‐soluble lignin, a low molecular weight lignin, was measured experimentally under various operational conditions such as steam pressure and steaming time. The steam explosion at the steam pressure of 3.9 MPa and steaming time of 1.1 min was the most effective method for maximizing the delignification with low energy consumption. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

蔗渣闪爆处理及其黄原酸化物的制备和应用

采用热蒸汽适度闪爆及稀碱洗涤等预处理技术对蔗渣进行纯化和活化,利用处理后的蔗渣纤维素合成纤维素基黄原酸酯,对其在水处理中的应用进行了研究。研究优化了闪爆处理的工艺条件,并采用IR、SEM和化学分析技术对闪爆前后蔗渣纤维的形态、结构、a-纤维素的含量进行了分析,对处理前后的蔗渣纤维的碱化和黄原酸化合成条件进行了优化。结果表明,闪爆预处理技术是一种便宜、迅速、无污染的技术,蔗渣纤维素基黄原酸酯对含金属离子的污水有良好的处理效果。     

剑麻纤维蒸汽爆破处理研究

采用蒸汽爆破处理技术处理剑麻纤维,分析阐述了蒸汽爆破处理过程及原理。通过化学分析方法及扫描电镜、红外光谱、X—射线衍射等现代分析手段分析蒸汽爆破处理前后剑麻纤维化学组分和形态结构的变化。结果表明,蒸汽爆破处理技术能够实现剑麻纤维各组分的有效分离,减少杂质成分,提高纤维素含量;同时,蒸汽爆破处理能改善剑麻纤维的形态结构,提高化学试剂的可及度,改善化学反应性能。     

Preparation and properties of cotton stalk bark fibers using combined steam explosion and laccase treatment

Cotton stalk bark fibers (CSBF) were prepared using combined steam explosion and laccase treatment (explosion–laccase). CSBF have been applied to reinforce thermoplastic composites, but were difficult to be spun into yarns due to their inferior fineness and high stiffness. In order to improve the fineness and flexibility with a green method, explosion–laccase treatment was used to separate bark of cotton stalks. The results indicated that steam explosion at 1.7 MPa for 3 min effectively facilitated laccase penetration into the lignocellulose complex to enhance delignification without negative effects on activity of laccase. Compared with CSBF after explosion, CSBF after explosion–laccase had better fineness (31 dtex), higher aspect ratio (1110), higher tensile strength (2.81 cN/dtex), higher flexibility (321 twist/(m·dtex)), and better thermal stability, which meets the requirement of textile fibers. CSBF had higher water retention (127%) and moisture regain (10.3%) than cotton. Explosion–laccase is an effective and eco‐friendly method of preparing CSBF for textiles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45058.