换热网络控制与工艺一体化设计研究

研究换热网络的控制与工艺一体化设计,全面考虑换热网络的弹性设计和控制问题,提出用两步法设计换热网络:第一步,使用给定工艺条件设计法的夹点设计法进行初始设计;第二步,在换热网络的操作夹点附近设置旁路,通过对旁路流量的优化控制,使换热网络在不同的工况条件下公用工程消耗都能接近最小.     

换热网络设计方法的研究进展

本文概括分析了近年来在研究换热网络设计方面所取得的新进展。指出夹点技术及其发展、双温差方法和分步优化方法的尚存缺陷，分析了围绕克服这些缺陷已采取的措施和进一步改进的方向。阐述了同步优化方法的优势和尚待改进的地方。指出目前从热力学、经济规模和“系统“的观点更全面地认识换热网络，从而设计高效、低费用的工业换热网络。     

换热器结垢与换热网络裕量设计方法研究进展

从结垢现象影响换热系统正常运行的角度出发,介绍了近几年换热网络裕量设计以及针对结垢问题不同学者研究出的换热网络优化设计。总结了在换热网络设计中对换热器清洗时序、清洗周期优化或者增加换热网络的裕量设计的不同换热网络设计最优方法,但这些方法都是在换热网络设计之初,考虑换热器结垢最严重的情况即换热网络在“最差”工况下进行的优化,因此优化得到的换热网络难以保证换热网络全运行周期的持续节能优化。本文结合现有换热网络设计方法的利弊,针对结垢过程的慢时变、持续特点,提出一种基于长周期持续节能的换热网络设计优化方法,在换热网络设计之初,定量分析结垢对网络结构的影响,以换热网络全周期累积总费用为目标函数,实现换热网络的最优综合。     

换热网络控制分析与设计研究进展

回顾了近年来对换热网络可控性方面的研究,即分析了当前换热网络的两种控制策略:控制性能指数法和旁路优化控制方法。阐述了这些方法的优点和尚待改进的问题,并指出换热网络的设计应同时考虑工艺与控制两方面。提出了工艺与控制集成的设计方法的具体研究思路,并指出换热网络工艺与控制集成设计的方法将成为今后换热网络设计与控制方面研究的发展方向。     

有分流换热网络的弹性设计-基于温度波动情形

提出了基于温度波动的有分流换热网络的超结构模型和同步优化的弹性设计方法。首先对于起始温度在一定范围内波动的物流进行预处理。即分段处理。然后建立换热网络同步优化的数学模型,最后对分段物流进行合并,并通过能量松弛方法得取满意一定弹性要求的换热网络结构。     

无分流换热网络的弹性设计(Ⅰ)基于温度波动情形

提出了基于温度波动的无分流换热网络的超结构模型和同步优化的弹性设计方法。对于起始温度在一定范围内波动的物流进行预处理即分段处理,并提出了分段原则;提出了基于规则的网络超结构模型并建立了弹性换热网络同步优化的数学模型;采用遗传算法求解了所提出的优化数学模型;提出了分段物流的合并及能量松弛的原则,对分段物流进行合并,并通过能量松弛方法得到优化的弹性换热网络结构。通过几个换热网络的弹性设计,说明了本方法的有效性和应用前景。     

利用夹点技术设计换热网络

介绍夹点技术的基本概念以及利用夹点技术设计换热网络的原则,列举利用夹点技术设计换热网络过程的实例,并简单介绍换热网络优化方面的基本知识。     

多周期操作工况下热换网络的弹性设计

提出了基于专家系统的多周期换热网络的超结构形式及弹性设计方法。首先通过专家系统确定周期操作工况下物流的分流及匹配禁止情况。在此基础上建立网络多周期操作工况下的超结构模型;然后用遗传算法对上述模型进行求解。最后用分解协调法和网络结构和匹配单元同时进行优化。该方法不仅自动地合成多周期操作工况的换热网络最优流程结构,而且能同时满足网络在各操作工况下的各种工艺限制条件,最后,通过某个换热网络的最优合成设计     

工艺过程与换热网络的联合优化

提出了用超结构回归模型法来解决工艺过程与换热网络联合优化综合的课题,并且对超结构中整型变量的处理提出了整型变量连续化的方法,为有效地求解混合整数非线性规划问题(MINLP)提供了一种新的途径;应用该方法对某化肥厂的改造扩建进行了优化计算,表明该方法的应用可以产生很大的经济效益.     

过程工业换热网络合成研究进展

阐述了过程工业换热网络优化设计的基本方法,分别指出了夹点技术、数学规划法和人工智能法的基本原理、优缺点、应用领域及国内外的发展状况,并对其做了展望,指出需要更接近于工程实际的考虑.     

Strategy for Synthesis of Flexible Heat Exchanger Networks Embedded with System Reliability Analysis

System reliability can produce a strong influence on the performance of the heat exchanger network (HEN). In this paper, an optimization method with system reliability analysis for flexible HEN by genetic/simulated annealing algorithms (GA/SA) is presented. Initial flexible arrangements of HEN is received by pseudo-temperature enthalpy diagram. For determining system reliability of HEN, the connections of heat exchangers(HEXs) and independent subsystems in the HEN are analyzed by the connection sequence matrix(CSM), and the system reliability is measured by the independent subsystem including maximum number of HEXs in the HEN. As for the HEN that did not meet system reliability, HEN decoupling is applied and the independent subsystems in the HEN are changed by removing decoupling HEX, and thus the system reliability is elevated. After that, heat duty redistribution based on the relevant elements of the heat load loops and HEX areas are optimized in GA/SA. Then, the favorable network configuration, which matches both the most economical cost and system reliability criterion, is located. Moreover, particular features belonging to suitable decoupling HEX are extracted from calculations. Corresponding numerical example is presented to verify that the proposed strategy is effective to formulate optimal flexible HEN with system reliability measurement.     

基于数学规划和知识工程的换热网络合成及其控制性能集成的研究

A method for incorporation of controlling the heat exchanger networks with or without splits is proposed by integrating mathematical programming and knowledge engineering.The simultaneous optimal mathematical model is established.This method can be practically used in the integration of large-scale heat exchanger networks,not only to synthesize automatically but also to satisfy the requirement of structural controllability with more nobjective human intervention.     

管壳式换热器工艺设计

介绍换热器的工艺设计程序,特别是管壳式换热器的工艺设计过程,并结合实际工程经验,介绍几种换热器工艺计算软件的用法和功能。     

换热器网络灵敏度研究

换热器网络灵敏度是指网络运行参数改变而引起网络各点温度的变化。基于换热器网络固有的线性性质消除矩阵逆的重复运算，导出有效的计算方法，得到整个网络的灵敏度信息，并以具体例子说明该方法的计算潜力，表明在参数变化较大以及参数同时发生变化时该方法也能应用。     

多管程换热器换热网络的合成

Many methods have been proposed for synthesis of heat exchanger networks in recent years, most of which consider single pass exchangers. In this study some evolutionary rules have been proposed for synthesis of multipass exchanger networks. The method is based on the heuristic that optimal networks should feature maximum energy recovery and have the minimum number of shells. The effectiveness of the developed evolutionary rules is demonstrated through some literature examples.     

基于温度和热容流率同时变化的有分流换热网络弹性设计的研究

A new superstructure model of heat exchanger networks (HEN) with stream splits based on rangers of streams supply temperatures and heat capacity flow rates is presented. The simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN synthesis is established too. Firstly, the streams with rangers of supply temperatures and/or the streams with the rangers of heat capacity flow rates are pretreated; Secondly, several rules are proposed to establish the superstructure model of HEN with splits and the simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN; Thirdly, the improving genetic algorithm is applied to solve the mathematical model established at the second step effectively, and the original optimal structure of HEN based on the maximum operation limiting condition can be obtained easily; Finally, the rules of heat exchange unit merged and the heat load of heat exchanger relaxed are presented, the flexible configuration of HEN satisfied the operation condition between the upper and down bounds of supply temperature and heat capacity flow rates can be obtained based on the original optimal structure of HEN by means of these rules. A case study demonstrates the method presented in this paper is effective     

基于专家系统和遗传算法的换热网络的建模和优化

A new superstructure from of heat exchanger networks(HEN) is proposed based on expert system (ES). The new superstructure from is combined with the practical engineering.The different investment cost formula for different heat exchanger is also presented based on ES.The mathematical model for the simultaneous optimization of network configuration is established and solved by a genetic algorithm.This method can deal with larger scale HEN synthesis and the optimal HEN configuration is obtained automatically.Finally,a case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.