衰落信道下多级编码方案的软判决译码

研究Rayleigh衰落信道下,软判决译码对三种不同映射方案多级编码系统性能的影响.基于信道容量规则,构造卷积码为分量码的8ASK多级编码系统,在多阶段译码中提出利用信道状态信息的软判决支路度量计算公式,并探讨系统的误码传播特性,研究结果可为衰落信道编码调制方案的最佳设计度量提供参考.     

相关衰落信道Turbo乘积编码MDPSK的分集接收

由于无线衰落信道中差分检测Turbo乘积编码调制具有良好的性能,文中研究了相关平坦Rayleigh衰落信道中差分检测Turbo乘积编码MDPSK信号的等增益分集,这种等增益分集接收无需任何信道状态信息.研究结果表明,等增益合并可以改善快衰落信道中TPC-MDPSK的错误平底效应,等增益分集合并的Turbo乘积编码的MDPSK信号在相关系数为0.5的平坦Rayleigh衰落信道中的性能和独立衰落信道中的系统性能相差仅1 dB.     

移动衰落信道中设计多级编码(MLC)方案的一种非欧度量

本文提出了在移动衰落信道中设计多级编码(MLC)方案的一种非欧度量:"信道容量规则"+"映射规则".在AWGN信道中为:"信道容量规则"+"UP(Ungerboeck Partitioning) 规则";在Rayleigh衰落信道中为:"信道容量规则"+"BP(Block Partitioning)规则".并在此理论指导下,选用不同码长的BCH码作为MLC系统中各级分量码,通过计算机模拟,比较了在AWGN和Rayleigh衰落信道中,采用8ASK调制方式、多级译码(MSD)、三种不同映射方法下的三级MLC方案的性能.     

无线衰落信道中多级编码AMR—WB的性能研究

根据AMR—WB语音编码数据帧的分类准则,提出一种利用多级编码调制改善Rayleigh衰落信道中AMR—WB重建语音质量的方法。在这种方法中,根据多级编码中不同分量码提供的不等差错保护能力,对AMR—WB语音数据帧中重要A类数据提供强的差错保护能力,而对不重要的B类和C类数据提供弱的差错保护能力。通过重建语音的质量感觉评价对比,多级编码方案可以有效改善无线衰落信道AMR—WB重建语音质量,这种性能改善在低速率编码模式下更加明显。     

适用于BICM-ID系统的星座成形方法

结合几何成形与概率成形的思想,提出了一种适用于比特交织编码调制系统的星座成形映射方法。该方法基于实用信号星座,通过不使用部分能量较大的信号点并利用多对一的映射关系,使发送信号逼近最佳输入概率分布。利用解调器和译码器之间的迭代译码,该方法可方便地获得成形增益。基于容量和外信息转移图分析,给出了信号星座和信号到符号映射的优化方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,在高斯白噪声信道和独立Rayleigh衰落信道下,该映射方法利用大信号星座在采用迭代译码的比特交织编码调制系统中均能取得优于传统Gray映射的误码性能,且随着调制阶数的增大可进一步提高成形增益。     

基于TCM的UEP16QAM和64QAM方案

本文提出基于格状编码调制(TCM)的非均匀星座不等差错保护(UEP)16QAM(正交幅度调制)和64QAM方案,与通常的均匀星座M状态QAM(MQAM)相比,UEP MQAM方案的重要数据和不重要数据均可获得数个分贝的编码增益。     

编码64DAPSK信号的软输出解调

基于子载波采用64DAPSK调制的OFDM系统,提出了卷积编码64DAPSK信号的软输出解调方法。仿真结果表明,在AWGN信道、平坦Rayleigh衰落信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道下,前向纠错编码采用速率3/4的punctured卷积码时,与64DAPSK信号的硬输出解调译码方法相比,系统的误比特性能可改善约2dB。文章提出的新方法同样适用于采用卷积编码64DAPSK调制的其它系统。     

一种基于8×8非均匀星座的不等差错保护方案研究

针对传统等差错保护（EEP）系统不能很好保护传输数据中重要数据的缺点,提出一种基于格状编码调制（TCM）的8×8非均匀星座不等差错保护（UEP）方案,接收端采用一个软输出Viterbi译码器进行重要和不重要码流的联合译码,使接收端系统得到简化,同时还可获得一定的编码增益。仿真结果表明,该UEP方案能使重要码流相对于不重要码流有很大的编码增益,且此编码增益可通过调节非均匀星座相关参数来改变。     

基于TCM的UEP16QAM和6QAM方案

本文提出了基于格状编码调制的非均匀星座不等差错保护１６ＱＡＭ和６４ＱＡＭ方案,与通常的均匀星座Ｍ状态ＱＡＭ（ＭＱＡＭ）相比,ＵＥＭＱＡＭ方案的重要数据和不重要数据均可获得数个分贝的编码增益。     

基于软判决的BICM-ID在Rayleigh信道下的性能研究

从理论上对不同映射方式下的BICM-ID系统在Rayleigh衰落信道中的性能做了分析和估计,通过3种映射方式(SP,SSP,Gray)下BICM-ID系统的性能仿真,对理论分析进行了验证。仿真结果和理论分析吻合,在Rayleigh衰落信道下,SSP映射性能最佳。与其他编码调制方式(TTCM,BICM)的性能相比,在Rayleigh衰落信道下,随着信噪比的增加,BICM-ID性能要优于其他编码调制方式。     

带宽有效传输下多进制LDPC码的不等错误保护

针对频谱有效的多进制低密度奇偶校验（Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC）码编码调制系统,本文提出了一种在带宽有效传输下的两级不等保护方案,两级不等错误保护分别来自码字特性和高阶调制,充分利用了码字变量节点的度和高阶调制中比特的不等可靠性。编码调制系统采用多进制LDPC码与高阶调制匹配结合,无需信息转换,针对不同误符号率和误比特率的需求,可在符号级和比特级提供不同可靠性达到不等错误保护的目的。仿真结果表明,在AWGN信道下,采用16QAM调制方式的性能优于16PSK调制方式,利用变量节点的度和高阶调制提供的信息,码字的误符号率和误比特率具有明显的不等错误保护区分度,对于重要的比特给予了较强的保护。      

Multilevel codes for unequal error protection

Two combined unequal error protection (UEP) coding and modulation schemes are proposed. The first method multiplexes different coded signal constellations, with each coded constellation providing a different level of error protection. In this method, a codeword specifies the multiplexing rule and the choice of the codeword from a fixed codebook is used to convey additional important information. The decoder determines the multiplexing rule before decoding the rest of the data. The second method is based on partitioning a signal constellation into disjoint subsets in which the most important data sequence is encoded, using most of the available redundancy, to specify a sequence of subsets. The partitioning and code construction is done to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between two different valid subset sequences. This leads to ways of partitioning the signal constellations into subsets. The less important data selects a sequence of signal points to be transmitted from the subsets. A side benefit of the proposed set partitioning procedure is a reduction in the number of nearest neighbors, sometimes even over the uncoded signal constellation     

基于脉冲位置调制的无线光通信多级编码调制及其多阶段解调译码算法

针对无线光通信脉冲位置调制(PPM)与信道编码的结合应用,提出了一种多级编码调制方案,利用多级编码的多级标签结构,将PPM符号所对应的分组比特分拆到不同子码通道的码字中,同时结合PPM的信号集分割和极大似然检测解调方法,推导了方案的多阶段解调译码算法。在弱湍流大气条件下的仿真分析表明,PPM多级编码调制相对单级编码调制在误码率10-6下获得0.85 dB以上的增益,且可实现对不同重要程度信息段的不等差错保护。在分量码码型给定的条件下,按纠错能力逐级配置分量码并采用所推导的多阶段解调译码,可为系统提供更好差错性能,优于直接的并行译码方法。     

BICM-ID with signal space diversity over cascaded rayleigh fading channels [transactions letters]

Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) using signal space diversity (SSD) is considered for cascaded Rayleigh fading channels. A tight bound on the asymptotic error probability is derived to determine the optimal rotation matrix for SSD design and to identify the key parameters that influence the system performance. It is shown that, for small modulation constellation, a cascaded Rayleigh fading causes a much more severe performance degradation than a conventional Rayleigh fading. However, BICM-ID employing SSD with a sufficiently large constellation can close the performance gap between the conventional and cascaded Rayleigh fading channels, and their performance can closely approach that over an AWGN channel. Illustrative simulation results for various scenarios are in a good agreement with analytical derivations.     

Multilevel coded modulation for unequal error protection andmultistage decoding .I. Symmetric constellations

In this paper, theoretical upper bounds and computer simulation results on the error performance of multilevel block coded modulations for unequal error protection (UEP) and multistage decoding are presented. It is shown that nonstandard signal set partitionings and multistage decoding provide excellent UEP capabilities beyond those achievable with conventional coded modulation. The coding scheme is designed in such a way that the most important information bits have a lower error rate than other information bits. The large effective error coefficients, normally associated with standard mapping by set partitioning, are reduced by considering nonstandard partitionings of the underlying signal set. The bits-to-signal mappings induced by these partitionings allow the use of soft-decision decoding of binary block codes. Moreover, parallel operation of some of the staged decoders is possible, to achieve high data rate transmission, so that there is no error propagation between these decoders. Hybrid partitionings are also considered that trade off increased intraset distances in the last partition levels with larger effective error coefficients in the middle partition levels. The error performance of specific examples of multilevel codes over 8-PSK and 64-QAM signal sets are simulated and compared with theoretical upper bounds on the error performance     

Cooperative Multiple Trellis Coded Modulation

In this paper, we consider the general design criteria, properties and explicit code design procedures for cooperative multiple trellis coded modulation (CMTCM) schemes over Rayleigh fading channels. The cooperative system of interest utilizes the decode and forward protocol based on orthogonal transmissions from the cooperating terminals to the destination. We design full diversity cooperative multiple trellis codes using asymmetric constellations that at a frame error probability of 10^?3 provide around 10-12 dB gains over non-cooperative coded modulation without sacrificing the data rate and/or bandwidth efficiency. This is achieved by expanding the baseline constellation used in the non-cooperative transmission, designing the signal constellation to be asymmetric, and adopting multiple mappings among users. The consistent performance gains due to coding, asymmetry, and mappings of symbols onto the constellation are evaluated in terms of the frame error probability. We present simulation results that support the theoretical designs and illustrate the viability of the proposed cooperative MTCM technique.     

Multilevel coded modulation for unequal error protection andmultistage decoding. II. Asymmetric constellations

In this paper, multilevel coded asymmetric modulation with multistage decoding and unequal error protection (UEP) is discussed. These results further emphasize the fact that unconventional signal set partitionings are more promising than traditional (Ungerboeck-type) partitionings, to achieve UEP capabilities with multilevel coding and multistage decoding. Three types of unconventional partitionings are analyzed for asymmetric 8-PSK and 16-QAM constellations over the additive white Gaussian noise channel to introduce design guidelines. Generalizations to other PSK and QAM type constellations follow the same lines. Upper bounds on the bit-error probability based on union bound arguments are first derived. In some cases, these bounds become loose due to the large overlappings of decision regions associated with asymmetric constellations and unconventional partitionings. To overcome this problem, simpler and tighter approximated bounds are derived. Based on these bounds, it is shown that additional refinements can be achieved in the construction of multilevel UEP codes, by introducing asymmetries in PSK and QAM signal constellations     

A Novel Cooperative Communication System Based on Multilevel Convolutional Codes

The authors propose a system where single antenna mobile users share antennas to transmit their information cooperatively to the common base station. Each mobile user overhears the coded information transmitted by other users, detects it and further encodes it along with its own information. The encoding is done using multilevel coding scheme with convolutional codes as component codes. The proposed system considers the self-information of user u at level u to reduce complexity while decoding. The coded symbols are mapped to M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation constellation using multi-resolution modulation partitioning. This enables the component codes to be designed for lower order constellation. Each cooperative user transmits multilevel coded symbols to the common base station, thus creating transmit diversity. The base station receives noisy superposition of independent Rayleigh faded signals transmitted by cooperative users and pass it through a multistage decoder. The multistage decoder employs maximum likelihood based Viterbi decoder at each stage to detect the information of each user. The Viterbi decoder applies max-log approximation to reduce the branch metric complexity. The proposed cooperative multilevel coding system outperforms non-cooperative multilevel coding system and is less complex than the existing cooperative multilevel coding system.     

Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding using constellation shaping over Rayleigh fading channels

We propose to investigate the performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) over Rayleigh fading channel by using constellation shaping (CS). The (CS) is implemented by inserting shaping block codes between mapping and channel coding functions, in order to generate non-equiprobable distribution of a 16-ary QAM signal constellation. Simulation results carried out on 2-bit/s/Hz 16-QAM BICM-ID indicate that is possible to obtain a gain of 1.2 dB at a BER of 10^-3 compared to the equiprobable 16-QAM BICM-ID schemes. It is also shown that, the error floor level can reduced by applying the signal space diversity technique.     

Coded modulation with unequal error protection

It is always desirable to maintain communications in difficult situations, even though fewer messages can get across. The author has developed such capabilities for one-way broadcast media, such as the envisioned terrestrial broadcasting of digital high-definition television signals. In this television broadcasting, the data from video source encoders are not equally important. It is desirable that the important data be recovered by each receiver even under poor receiving conditions. Two approaches for providing such unequal error protection to different classes of data are presented. Power-efficient and bandwidth-efficient coded modulation is used in both approaches. The first approach is based on novel signal constellations with nonuniformly spaced signal points. The second uses time division multiplexing of different conventional coded modulation schemes. Both approaches can provide error protection for the important data to an extent that can hardly be achieved using conventional coded modulation with equal error protection. For modest amounts of important data, the first approach has, additionally, the potential of providing immunity from impulse noise through simple bit or signal-point interleaving