嗜热芽孢杆菌HSO8耐热中性蛋白酶的分离纯化及部分特性研究

从高温土壤中分离出1株产耐热中性蛋白酶的嗜热芽孢杆菌,研究了该酶的分离纯化与生化特性.蛋白酶经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-100HR凝胶层析分离纯化后,纯化倍数提高4.25倍,产率5.1%;经SDS-PAGE电泳测得其分子质量为30.9 kDa.酶的最适温度与pH试验表明,其最适温度为65 ℃,最适pH为7.5,并在50 ℃时保持1 h以上的稳定.该蛋白酶活性受到EDTA的抑制,Zn2+能提高酶活性,该酶为金属蛋白酶.改性酪蛋白(Azocasein)、酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)等3种底物专一性试验表明,改性酪蛋白是其最适底物.     

嗜热芽孢杆菌蛋白酶HS08的分离纯化研究

从高温土壤中分离得到的一株产耐热中性蛋白酶的嗜热芽孢杆菌,该菌分泌的胞外蛋白酶粗酶液经80%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和Superdax75凝胶层析分离纯化后,纯化倍数提高4．36倍,得率为5．3%,经SDS-PAGE电泳测得其分子量为30．6kDa。酶的最适温度与pH实验表明,该酶最适温度为65℃、最适pH为7．5,并且该酶在50℃时表现出1h以上的稳定性。该蛋白酶的活性受到丝氨酸族蛋白酶专一性抑制PMSF和金属离子螯合剂EDTA强烈抑制,Zn2+能提高酶活性,因此该蛋白酶为Zn2+激活的丝氨酸族蛋白酶。     

巴西松子中蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验研究pH值、提取时间和料液比3个因素对巴西松子中蛋白酶活力的影响,得出巴西松子中蛋白酶的最佳提取缓冲液为pH9.0的硼酸-硼砂缓冲液、提取时间为60min、料液比为1:8(m/V);采用(NH4)2SO4沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析分离纯化巴西松子中的一种蛋白酶,结果表明:纯化后蛋白酶比活力提高到了8.61倍,回收率为21.65%。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明:该蛋白酶分子质量为33kD。酶学性质结果表明:该蛋白酶最适pH值为9.0,属碱性蛋白酶;反应的最适温度为50℃;金属离子Mn2+对该蛋白酶活性有强烈的激活作用,而Ca2+、Mg2+和Cu2+对酶活性有抑制作用。     

胞外弹性蛋白酶的理化特性及其影响因素

分离得到的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp) 菌株具有较强的分泌胞外弹性蛋白酶的能力。经微生物发酵方法生产的弹性蛋白酶,经过盐析、透析、DEAE SephadexA2 5离子交换层析、SephadexG75凝胶过滤层析等纯化步骤,从其发酵液中得到了均一的酶制品。研究结果表明,酶的最适作用温度为5 0℃;在硼砂-硼酸缓冲液中最适作用pH为8 0左右;酶在碱性环境下( pH7 0～12 0 )稳定性较好;在37℃以下,酶的稳定性较高。超过6 0℃,酶在短时间内即失活     

假单胞菌H3壳聚糖酶的纯化及部分酶学性质

对 Pseudmona sp.H3产生的壳聚糖酶粗酶液采用(NH_4)_2SO_4盐析、Sephadex G-25脱盐、Sepharose Q-XL阴离子交换层析和Superdex G-75分子筛层析进行纯化,经SDS-PAGE鉴定为单蛋白带,分子质量约为33.8ku,酶反应最适温度为40℃,最适pH为5.0,降解壳聚精(D.A.90.14％)Km值为3.59g/L,V_(max)值为 3.80mmol/(L·min);Ba~(2+)、K~+、Co~(2+)对该酶有激活作用,而Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Cu~(2+)则对酶有抑制作用;此外,该酶除了能降解壳聚糖以外,还具有CMCase活性。     

地衣芽孢杆菌A 产碱性蛋白酶的研究

研究从经过60Co 照射的东海香参水解液中分离出的地衣芽孢杆菌A 产碱性蛋白酶的产率、分离纯化与生化特性。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE- Sepharose 离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75 凝胶层析分离纯化后,碱性蛋白酶产率为5.8%;经SDS- PAGE 电泳测得其分子质量为35kD。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH 值为11,热稳定性较好。该蛋白酶具有一定的耐氧化能力。     

地衣芽孢杆菌2709 蛋白酶分离纯化研究

对产自地衣芽孢杆菌(B. licheniformis)2709 的碱性蛋白酶通过乙醇沉淀、盐析、DEAE 阴离子交换层析、凝胶层析4 步纯化,最终获得电泳纯的酶。以去酰胺度及酶比活力为指标,对碱性蛋白酶分离纯化条件进行优化。结果发现：提纯酶的比活力达61069U/mg,纯化倍数为38.7,活性回收率为19.3%,去酰胺度为20.9%。并研究该酶的基本酶学特性,结果发现：该酶最适作用pH 值为10.0,最适反应温度为50℃。40℃保温2h 后该酶保持80% 以上的活力,在pH8～11 之间有较高的pH 值稳定性。     

发酵乳杆菌细胞壁蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

研究分离纯化发酵乳杆菌细胞壁蛋白酶(cell envelope proteinase,CEP)的方法及其酶学性质。用50mmol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7.8)悬浮菌体,进行超声波破碎,细胞质量浓度为0.06g/mL,破碎功率330W,工作220次(工作时间3s,间隔时间5s),离心取上清液即为粗酶液。60%硫酸铵沉淀,Sephacryl S-300 HR凝胶层析,Native-PAGE割胶回收纯化发酵乳杆菌的CEP。用纯化的CEP 酶解脱脂乳,酶解液ACE(angiotensin I-converting enzyme)抑制率为50%。SDS-PAGE检测CEP分子质量为32.5kD,最适酶反应温度为41℃,最适酶反应pH值为8.0。Mg2+、Co2+、Ca2+对CEP活性有激活作用;Zn2+、Ni2+、PMSF、EDTA对CEP活性有抑制作用,说明CEP为丝氨酸蛋白酶且酶的活性中心结构的维持与金属离子有关。     

藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶酶学性质与水解大豆蛋白产物研究

对1株分离于克东腐乳的优势菌株藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶的酶学性质及其水解大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolates,SPI)产生的氨基酸图谱进行研究。以酪蛋白为底物,利用酶学技术研究了温度、pH、NaCl、乙醇和金属离子对藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶的活性和稳定性的影响。研究表明藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶的最适反应温度为40℃,在20⁴0℃范围内具有良好的稳定性;最适反应pH为9.0,在pH 7.040℃范围内具有良好的稳定性;最适反应pH为9.0,在pH 7.0⁹.0范围内具有良好的稳定性;在9%(w/v)NaCl和8%(w/v)乙醇中分别表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性;Ca2+和Mg2+可显著增强藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶的催化活性。利用氨基酸分析技术检测藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶水解SPI产生的氨基酸图谱,结果表明总游离氨基酸、必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量明显增加。上述结果表明藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)KDF1胞外蛋白酶在酶法促熟和酶法发酵腐乳领域有潜在的应用价值。     

球等鞭金藻胞内和胞外多糖的提取工艺

采用热水浸提法,通过一系列单因素试验,研究提取时间、提取pH 值、提取温度和液料比对球等鞭金藻胞内和胞外多糖提取的影响。在此基础上,通过正交试验进一步优化胞内和胞外多糖的提取工艺。最后,采用适宜提取工艺制备胞内和胞外粗多糖样品,并测定该样品中蛋白质和多糖含量。单因素试验结果表明,提取时间、提取pH 值和提取温度均能显著影响胞内和胞外多糖的提取。对胞内粗多糖提取率而言,提取时间180min、提取pH9 和提取温度70℃为最适宜的提取条件;当提取时间300min、提取pH10 和提取温度80℃时,更利于胞外粗多糖的提取。液料比对胞内和胞外粗多糖提取的影响较小,20:1(mL/g)为多糖提取合适的液料比;正交试验结果表明,胞内(胞外)多糖的适宜提取工艺为提取时间、提取pH 值、提取温度和液料比分别为180min(240min)、pH8(9)、70℃和15:1。粗多糖样品的蛋白质和多糖含量分别为1.18%(0.82%)和 22.1%(18.6%),很低的蛋白质含量和较高的多糖含量表明采用该提取工艺获得的粗多糖样品纯度较高,利于样品的后续分离纯化。     

南极磷虾自溶前后氨基酸和胰蛋白酶降解产物的变化

南极磷虾富含内源自溶酶,死后易快速自溶,限制了其加工利用。为研究南极磷虾自溶特性,测定了不同条件下南极磷虾自溶酶的最适温度和pH值,然后在最适自溶条件下研究了南极磷虾自溶3 h前后的氨基酸态氮含量和组成变化,并对南极磷虾自溶前后的胰蛋白酶降解产物进行了分析。结果表明：南极磷虾自溶酶最适温度为55 ℃,最适pH值为7.5,在此条件下南极磷虾自溶后氨基酸态氮质量浓度升高;甘氨酸和脯氨酸为南极磷虾的主要游离氨基酸,其次为谷氨酸和丙氨酸,南极磷虾自溶后鲜味氨基酸如谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸质量分数降低,而苦味氨基酸如亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸质量分数升高;南极磷虾自溶后胰蛋白酶降解产物分子质量分布向小分子质量范围偏移。本实验为进一步研究南极磷虾自溶特性提供了理论依据。     

Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells by skimmed milk digested with a proteolytic enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bovine skimmed milk digested with cell-free extract of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to exhibit proliferation inhibition activity towards human leukemia (HL-60) cells. The optimum pH for digestion of skimmed milk and production of the proliferation inhibition factor was pH 4.8. Nondigested skimmed milk exhibited little suppressive effect on the proliferation of HL-60 cells. An active enzyme involved in the production of cell proliferation inhibitory materials from skimmed milk was purified from the cell-free extract of S. cerevisiae by a series of column chromatographies: DEAE-Sephacel, D-tryptophan methyl ester-Sepharose 4B, Hiload Superdex G-200 and HPLC Mono Q. The homogeneous purified enzyme and exhibited a molecular mass of 33 kDa in sodium dodeceyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and was identified as protease B by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Bovine skimmed milk digested with purified protease B was found to inhibit proliferation activity of HL-60 cells most strongly when digestion was conducted at pH 4.8. The cell proliferation inhibition activity induced by digested skimmed milk was shown to be due to the induction of apoptosis, demonstrated by the formation of apoptotic bodies and fragmentation of DNA in treated cells. The proliferation inhibition factors produced were recovered in the soluble fraction of 92% ethanol, suggesting that the factors were hydrophilic low molecular mass substances derived from skimmed milk.     

耐热嗜碱蛋白酶基因的克隆、表达及其酶学性质分析

碱性蛋白酶是一类重要的工业酶制剂。为进一步提高碱性蛋白酶在高温碱性条件下的活力,增强其工业应用价值,本文从地衣芽胞杆菌CCTCC M2018539中首先通过PCR扩增获得碱性蛋白酶编码基因aprE539并克隆入表达载体pND-113中,在枯草芽胞杆菌WB600中实现碱性蛋白酶AprE539的表达;重组酶AprE539经硫酸铵沉降(30%~70%)、透析、DEAE阴离子交换和超滤获得纯酶,并以SDS-PAGE电泳测定AprE539的分子量大小。结果表明,AprE539的分子量大小为30 kDa。进一步对其酶学性质研究表明:AprE539的最适作用pH为11.0,最适作用温度为65~70℃;在pH6.0~12.0范围内具有较好的稳定性;在60℃保温1 h后酶活剩余70%;Cu2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+对酶活有明显促进作用。AprE539在氨基酸序列上仅有2个氨基酸残基与碱性蛋白酶2709存在差异,但其酶学特征差异明显,为后续进一步探究其酶学性质差异性奠定基础。     

啤酒糟蛋白中高F值寡肽的制备

以啤酒糟为原料,采用双酶水解法制备高F值寡肽。通过对蛋白质水解度的测定,采用响应面法进行优化,得出双酶水解最佳条件为:碱性蛋白酶加酶量为6%、酶解时间4h、pH8.6、酶解温度56℃;木瓜蛋白酶的加酶量为3%、酶解时间3h、pH6.3、酶解温度48℃。用活性炭吸附酶解液,去除其中的芳香族氨基酸,采用G-25葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化,测其分子质量为794.24u,此时的F值为21.02。     

Low molecular weight serine protease from the viscera of sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) with collagenolytic activity: Purification and characterisation

A new low molecular weight (LMW) serine-protease from sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) viscera was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, with a 3.82-fold increase in specific activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 14.2 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were around pH 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The purified protease was strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, a serine-protease inhibitor, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 10 amino acids of the purified protease was APVQPCVVVI. This sequence showed low homology with several peptidases, suggesting that the enzyme is a new protease. Interestingly, the protease was found to cleave collagen type I and hydrolyze succinyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide (sAAPFpna), an amide substrate of chymotrypsin. Our findings indicate that the S. aurita protease is a new LMW enzyme with collagenolytic activity.     

Purification and properties of a heat-stable enzyme of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis> Rm12 from raw milk

Pseudomonas fluorescens Rm12 is a kind of Psychrotrophic bacteria growing in cold raw milk. It produced an extracellular heat resistant protease with an estimated molecular weight of 45 kDa by size exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The enzyme, designated Ht13, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the culture supernatant by sequentially using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The specific activity of the enzyme increased 115.5-folds. The optimum pH value and temperature of Ht13 were 7.5 and 40 °C, respectively. Based on its biochemical characteristics, Ht13 can be included in the group of metalloproteases, which was inhibited by 1, 10-phenanthroline and EDTA but not by pepstatin A, chymostatin, STI, E-64, BBI, PMSF and pAPMSF. Mn²⁺ has positive effect on activity and can increased the heat resistance capability, while Ca²⁺ had a negligible effect. For the hydrolysis of azocasein, the Km was 0.012 mg mL⁻¹. The enzyme showed typical heat-stable behavior. After treatment of 160 °C 20 s, the residual activity was 9%. The half-life of the enzyme at 160 °C in buffer with Mn²⁺ was approximately 12 s. Among several main milk proteins, Ht13 can cleave α_s-casein, β-casein and κ-casein. The sequence of 1st–16th amino acids of N-terminal was MSKVKDKAIVSAAQAS, which was same as those proteases excreted from some other P. fluorescens. However, their molecular weights, the activation ion and amino acid composition were different, suggesting Ht13 from P. fluorescens Rm12 is a novel protease.     

Purification and characterization of an extracellular protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens M3/6.

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain M3/6 was inoculated into reconstituted NDM and incubated at 7 degrees C for 46 d. A significant amount of extracellular protease was produced, mainly during the latter part of the culture's life cycle. The protease was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The isolated protease had activity on azocasein, alpha-, beta-, and kappa-caseins and a plasmin substrate but did not have plasminogen activator activity. The protease had a molecular weight of 45 kDa, an isoelectric point of pH 8.25, a broad temperature and pH range for activity, and was less heat stable in the isolated form than in the cell-free extract.     

江米酒凝乳酶的纯化及凝乳机制初探

江米酒凝乳酶是扣碗酪生产中起关键作用的凝乳因子。文中采用纤维素离子交换柱从江米酒中得到分子质量为36·4ku的单一蛋白酶,其凝乳活力与蛋白酶水解活力的比值从纯化前的3·1提高到16·0。对纯化酶的基本特性研究表明,该酶在30~55℃,pH值3·0~7·0保持比较稳定的酶活性,而与胃蛋白酶、米黑毛霉凝乳酶及牛凝乳酶凝乳过程中的组织状态变化比较,初步认为江米酒凝乳酶的动力学或凝乳机制可能与牛凝乳酶等其他天冬氨酸蛋白酶不完全相同。     

Autolysis of the proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens.

The gene encoding the proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens was cloned and sequenced in an effort to identify the cleavage sites involved in its autolysis at 50 degrees C. A single open reading frame consisting of 1449 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 482 amino acids, was found. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified proteinase indicated the presence of a prosequence consisting of 13 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of the mature protein was calculated as 48,900 based on the deduced amino acid sequence, which was consistent with that of the purified proteinase as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-PAGE. Greater than 90% loss of proteolytic activity was observed upon heating at 50 degrees C for 2 min compared with the unheated enzyme. Incubation of the proteinase at 50 degrees C led to disappearance of the intact enzyme, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, whereas it was stable in the presence of the protease inhibitor o-phenanthroline. Autolytic fragments were fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC and subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis in an effort to determine the cleavage sites. The cleavage profile was not definitive; however, amino acid residues with small side chain groups, such as glycine or alanine, were frequently found adjacent to the cleavage sites.     

Purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis H-559 isolated from kimchi

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from kimchi and screened for bacteriocin production. Strain H-559, identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity among them and was active against pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus as well as many lactic acid bacteria. The antimicrobial substance produced by L. lactis subsp. lactis H-559 was inactivated by alpha-chymotrypsin, and protease type IX and XIV and was confirmed to be a bacteriocin. The bacteriocin activity was stable from pH 2.0-11.0 and up to 10 min heating at 100 degrees C. The bacteriocin was sequentially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its molecular weight was determined to be 3343.7 Da by MALDI-mass spectrometry. Isoleucine was detected as the first N-terminal amino acid residue but the remaining amino acid sequence could not be determined by the Edman degradation method. It was different from other bacteriocins in terms of pH stability, molecular weight, amino acid composition, and the partial amino acid sequences of peptides obtained by acid hydrolysis.