挤压操作参数对脱脂豆粕中大豆异黄酮含量及损失率的影响

以大豆脱脂豆粕为原料,采用五因素五水平(1/2)实施二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究挤压操作参数对大豆异黄酮含量和损失率的影响,建立物料水分、膨化温度、模孔长度、δ段长度和螺杆转速的挤压操作参数与大豆异黄酮含量和损失率的量化模型.结果表明,单一挤压参数膨化温度、物料水分、螺杆转速及δ段长度对大豆异黄酮含量均有很大影响,优化出的最佳挤压参数的取值范围为物料水分10.7％～11.6％,膨化温度101.2 ～102.0℃,模孔长度30 mm,δ段长度25 mm,螺杆转速130r/min.此条件下挤压后大豆异黄酮含量大于2 300μg/g.适宜的挤压膨化条件大豆并黄酮的损失率仅为2.44％.     

挤压膨化系统参数对玉米胚芽膨化物容重的影响

通过四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验设计,探讨用于浸油的玉米胚挤压膨化预处理过程中的套筒温度、模孔孔径、物料含水率、螺杆转速等挤压系统参数对膨化物容重的影响规律.得到最佳挤压工艺参数:模孔直径Φ=6 mm,物料出口温度T=105 ℃,喂入物料水分含量W=7.5%,螺杆转速N=200 r/min,在此条件下得出膨化物容重的最优值为620.42 kg/m3.     

挤压膨化对酶解高温豆粕肽得率的影响研究

以大豆片为原料,利用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行实验研究,大豆片经挤压膨化、脱脂、高温脱溶得高温豆粕,研究不同物料含水量、套筒温度、模孔孔径和螺杆转速对酶解高温豆粕肽得率的影响。通过单因素和正交实验,确定最佳的挤压膨化参数为:物料含水量20%,套筒温度60℃,螺杆转速100r/min,模孔孔径15mm,肽得率36.88%。挤压膨化技术可以有效提高豆粕利用率,为今后工业化生产提供理论依据。     

不同挤压参数对大豆粕蛋白质NSI的影响

不同挤压条件会对粕蛋白质溶解性有很大影响,本文系统研究了一种新型预处理工艺中5种挤压参数δ段长度、模孔长度、挤压温度、螺杆转速、物料含水量变化对粕蛋白质NSI的影响规律,并从中优化出最佳挤压参数。     

高蛋白营养膨化粉的工艺研究

以豆粕为主要原料,与玉米、绿豆混合,利用小型单螺杆挤压膨化机进行膨化实验,研究了不同物料水分含量、模头温度、螺杆转速对产品膨化效果的影响,并对挤压膨化过程中产品的水溶性和吸水性的变化进行了研究分析。确定最佳的挤压膨化工艺参数为:模头温度140℃,水分含量为19%,螺杆转速为180r/min,经过挤压膨化后,原料的水溶性和吸水性增大。     

组织化大豆蛋白挤压工艺参数优化研究

采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计方法,分析了国产Ds32-Ⅱ型双螺杆挤压机生产组织化大豆蛋白过程中的模孔直径、挤压温度、螺杆转速和物料含水率4个挤压工艺参数,以密度为指标对其进行了优化.结果表明,4个挤压工艺参数对产品密度均有极显著影响.影响由大到小依次为:模孔直径>螺杆转速>挤压温度>物料含水率.模孔直径和挤压温度的交互作用对产品密度有极显著的负效应(α=0.01),螺杆转速和水分含量的交互作用对样品密度有显著的正效应(α=0.05).在模孔直径2.86～2.87 mm、挤压温度148.72～149.78 ℃、螺杆转速35.24～36.72 Hz和水分含量29.67%～30.00%的挤压条件下,产品密度有95%的可能在0.43～0.45 g/cm3之间.结合设备性能和生产实际,优化的工艺参数如下:模孔直径2.9 mm,挤压温度149 ℃,螺杆转速36 Hz,物料含水率30%.在优化工艺参数下,验证试验所得产品的密度为0.40 g/cm3,基本符合预期结果.     

玉米产品挤压膨化特性的影响因素

以优质的玉米为原料,采用挤压膨化技术,研制出玉米膨化产品。通过正交试验确定了挤压温度、物料水分含量、螺杆转速对产品膨化物糊化度的影响,并找出了最佳工艺参数值:挤压温度160℃,物料水分含量20%,螺杆转速300r/min。     

大豆双螺杆挤压膨化系统参数优化试验

采用双螺杆挤压膨化机进行大豆膨化浸油工艺参数优化试验,利用二次旋转正交组合试验设计进行模孔直径、物料水分、螺杆转速、套筒温度因素试验,考察了各因素对粕残油率、生产率、度电产量的影响规律,并运用模糊综合评判法通过频数选优进行了系统参数的优化组合.结果表明:当模孔直径20 ～22 mm,物料水分16％～17％,螺杆转速130～138 r/min,套筒温度99～106℃时,可以获得较低的粕残油率和较优的机械生产性能(生产率、度电产量).     

挤压膨化后微体化预处理水酶法提取大豆油脂工艺研究

在单因素实验的基础上,选取挤压温度、螺杆转速、物料含水量、模孔孔径和膨化后物料粉碎粒度5个因素为自变量,以总油提取率为响应值,进行响应面实验设计,确定了最佳提油率下的挤压-微体化参数。结果表明,挤压最佳条件为温度96℃、螺杆转速96r/min、物料含水率14.6%、模孔孔径15mm、膨化后物料粉碎粒度120目,此时提油率为94.34%±0.74%。并且采用红外光谱分析了大豆挤压膨化前后提取的大豆分离蛋白二级结构变化,进而讨论蛋白结构变化对水酶法提取油脂过程中油脂释放的影响,结果表明,挤压膨化后蛋白质二级结构中β-折叠含量降低,无规卷曲含量升高,蛋白质由有序向无序结构的转化,可以使得酶解过程中油脂释放量增加。     

挤压膨化参数对转基因大豆外源基因降解的影响

采用定性PCR检测技术,分析了不同挤压腔温度、物料水分和螺杆、喂料器转速的组合工艺条件下,挤压膨化对转基因大豆外源基因CP4-EPSPS的影响。研究结果表明,挤压膨化加工是降解转基因大豆外源基因CP4-EPSPS的有效手段。挤压膨化参数中,对外源基因降解作用由强到弱的顺序为:挤压腔温度>物料水分>螺杆转速或喂料器转速。本试验条件下的最佳挤压膨化参数组合为:挤压腔温度130℃,物料水分20%,螺杆转速72 r/min,喂料器转速88 r/min。在此条件下,大豆外源基因片段可降至206 bp以下而未能检出。     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.