一种构造性的概率决策自组织分类器

从输入的原始信息得到特征通常需要复杂的非线性运算,直接找到这种算法是很困难的.而M-P神经元模型的几何意义指出:构造一个网络,使对给定的样本集能进行符合要求的分类,等价于求出一组领域,对给定样本集中的点,能按分类的要求用领域覆盖将它们分隔开来.但是,在实际的大规模应用中,如时间序列预测的典型问题--股票预测,其给定的样本集中可能含有异动点,会引起错误的学习结果,因此,有必要引入自组织和概率决策化方法,提高分类的正确性,同时还可降低神经网络的结构规模,提高识别的速度.作者给出一种构造性的概率决策自组织分类器SPDC(A Selfadjusting and Probabilistic Decision-making Classifier),重点讨论了在覆盖算法中引入自组织和概率决策化方法.     

基于熵自加权联合正则化最近点的图像集分类算法

图像集分类算法通过充分利用图像的集合信息来提高识别性能，得到了广泛的关注。但是现有的图像集分类算法存在如下问题：1）需要样本满足某种概率统计分布；2）忽略了图库集类与类之间的互斥性；3）对非高斯噪声不具备鲁棒性。为了解决上述问题，提出了一种基于熵自加权联合正则化最近点的图像集分类算法（SRNPC）。首先在测试集中寻找唯一的全局联合正则化最近点，同时最小化该点与每个图库集中正则化最近点之间的距离；然后，为了增强类之间的判别力以及对非高斯噪声的鲁棒性，引入一种基于熵尺度的自加权策略来迭代更新测试集与各个图库集合之间的熵加权权重，得到的权重能够直接反映测试集与每个图库集之间相关性的高低；最后，利用测试集和每个图库集之间的最小残差值获得分类结果。通过在UCSD/Honda、CMU Mobo和YouTube这三个公开数据集上与当前主流的算法进行的对比实验结果表明，所提出的算法具有更高的分类精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

佳点集遗传覆盖算法

针对覆盖算法中识别精度与泛化能力之间的一对矛盾,结合佳点集遗传算法思想,提出佳点集遗传覆盖算法。通过在覆盖种群中引入竞争,淘汰不好的覆盖,保留较优的覆盖,减少了覆盖个数和拒识样本个数,从而提高了整体覆盖种群的分类能力。与Lib-SVM、领域覆盖、交叉覆盖的对比实验证明了该算法具有良好的分类识别精度与泛化能力。     

基于后验概率的SVM决策树多类分类算法

后验概率支持向量机方法对孤立点和噪声具有鲁棒性,并且可以减少支持向量的数量,从而降低计算复杂度。因此,针对最近提出的快速分类算法c-BTS,引入样本的后验概率,提出了一种基于后验概率的SVM决策树算法P2BTS。实验结果证明,基于后验概率的支持向量机决策树P2BTS比c-BTS的分类精度更高,且所需的二类分类器个数减少,在一定程度上降低了P2BTS分类决策的时间和比较的次数,提高了分类效率。     

基于后验概率SVM决策树多类的分类算法

后验概率支持向量机方法对孤立点和噪声具有鲁棒性,并且可以减少支持向量的数量,从而降低计算复杂度。因此,针对最近提出的快速分类算法c-BTS,引入样本的后验概率,提出了一种基于后验概率的SVM决策树算法P2BTS。实验结果证明,基于后验概率的支持向量机决策树P2BTS比c-BTS的分类精度更高,且所需的二类分类器个数减少,在一定程度上降低了P2BTS分类决策的时间和比较的次数,提高了分类效率。     

一种新的基于神经网络覆盖分类算法

为了克服传统神经网络算法在处理分类问题时训练时间长、泛化能力弱的不足，提出了一种新的基于构造型神经网络覆盖分类算法，该算法通过在超球面上对样本数据进行聚类分析，找出同类样本中未被覆盖样本的最大密度点，然后在特征空间里做超平面与球面相交，得到球面领域覆盖，从而将神经网络训练问题转化为点集覆盖问题，同时也考虑了神经网络规模的优化问题。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于改进的ISODATA的超球覆盖仿生模式分类算法

现有仿生模式识别分类器难以解决含有多个聚集点、非线性和稀疏性样本的分类问题。因此,引入特征分类贡献度,提出了基于改进的迭代自组织数据分析(M-ISODATA)的超球覆盖仿生模式识别算法。首先引入马氏距离对自组织数据分析方法(ISODATA)的欧氏距离替换,并引入熵权法对马氏距离进行加权以赋予各特征不同的贡献度;同时为了去除干扰样本点,引入改进的局部离群因子检测方法(M-LOF)对样本进行训练,减少了不同类别流形之间的重叠区域。再利用改进的自组织数据分析方法(M-ISODATA)对每类训练样本点动态聚类,寻找到同一类的多个小类覆盖区中心后,用超球进行该类的有效覆盖,并对落入重叠区域的测试样本点进行二次划分,实现测试样本的正确分类。最后在iris数据集上验证该算法的有效性,并将该算法应用于雷达辐射源信号的分类识别。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的拒识、免重训能力,对于雷达信号的识别率能达到97.29%,相比于传统典型模式识别算法具有更好的识别能力。     

多代表点的加权近邻分类算法

传统的KNN算法存在分类效率低等缺点.针对这些缺点,本文提出一种高效的结合多代表点思想的加权KNN算法,利用变精度粗糙集上下近似区域的概念,结合聚类算法生成代表点集合构造分类模型,再运用结构风险最小化理论优化分类模型并对影响分类模型的因素进行分析.分类过程中根据测试样本与各代表点的相似度,得到测试样本的相对位置.其中属于样本点下近似区域的测试样本可直接判断其类别.若测试样本在其他区域,则根据测试样本与各代表点的相对位置对各代表点覆盖范围内的样本进行加权后判断测试样本的类别.在文本分类领域的数据集上进行实验,结果表明该算法能有效的提高分类模型的性能.     

模糊核覆盖分类器及其应用*

核覆盖算法是一种性能优秀的分类算法,但在拒识点处理方面存在不足。对核覆盖算法的构造过程进行了分析,修改了算法中覆盖半径的选取原则,对拒识样本引入隶属度函数,将算法推广为模糊核覆盖算法。讨论了孤立覆盖对分类器的影响,对覆盖数进行精简,降低计算量。通过实验验证改进算法的性能,并与其他模糊分类方法进行对比。将模糊核覆盖算法应用于垃圾邮件过滤,实验结果表明过滤器的性能得到了有效提高。     

一种改进的领域覆盖算法

为解决领域覆盖算法中覆盖中心的选取问题,引入遗传算法中的适应度函数,提出一种改进的覆盖算法.以覆盖样本数最多为目标设计适应度函数,通过计算每个样本的适应度值来搜索最优覆盖中心,采用神经网络和灵敏度相结合的方法计算输入因素对输出因素的决策权重.实验证明,该算法能保证覆盖的稳定性,且覆盖中心的个数较少.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。