38CrMoAl钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为

将38CrMoAl钢加热至1000~1200 ℃ 的奥氏体化温度,保温时间为0~300 s,研究了奥氏体化温度和保温时间对奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响。试验结果表明,试验钢奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随奥氏体化温度升高而增大,且晶粒长大速率随着温度的升高而增大。在同一奥氏体化温度下,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随保温时间的增加逐渐增大,且晶粒长大速率随时间的延长逐渐减小。根据试验钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸试验数据,建立了38CrMoAl钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸与奥氏体化温度和保温时间关系的Sellars模型,并验证了模型的准确性。     

Static Recrystallized Grain Size of Coarse-Grained Austenite in an API-X70 Pipeline Steel

The effects of initial grain size and strain on the static recrystallized grain size of coarse-grained austenite in an API-X70 steel microalloyed with Nb, V, and Ti were investigated using a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator. The results indicate that the static recrystallized grain size of coarse-grained austenite decreases with decreasing initial grain size and increasing applied strain. The addition of microalloying elements can lead to a smaller initial grain size for hot deformation due to the grain growth inhibition during reheating, resulting in decreasing of static recrystallized grain size. Based on the experimental data, an equation for the static recrystallized grain size was derived using the least square method. The grain sizes calculated using this equation fit well with the measured ones compared with the equations for fine-grained austenite and for coarse-grained austenite of Nb-V microalloyed steel.     

热轧工艺对20MnMoB钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响

研究了热轧工艺对20MnMoB钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响,结果表明,试验用钢的奥氏体晶粒粗化温度随压下率增大而降低,热轧温度对试验用钢的奥氏体晶粒粗化度影响较小。     

淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢原奥氏体晶粒度的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM),研究了淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢的原奥氏体晶粒度的影响。结果表明:含Nb的30MnB5钢在淬火温度860~920 ℃,保温时间不超过60 min时,原奥氏体晶粒度具有良好的稳定性;当淬火温度达到950 ℃时,保温时间超过30 min后,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着保温时间增长逐渐变大;因此,淬火温度低于950 ℃时,Nb元素对30MnB5钢热处理过程中原奥氏体晶粒生长具有抑制作用;当淬火温度达到1000 ℃时,Nb元素仅在30 min以内对原奥氏体晶粒生长有轻微抑制作用,当淬火保温时间超过60 min时,Nb元素完全失去对原奥氏体晶粒生长的抑制作用。     

MODELING OF AUSTENITE GRAIN SIZE IN LOW-ALLOY STEEL WELD METAL

The size of austenite grain has significant effects on components and proportions of various ferrites in low-alloy steel weld metal.Therefore, it is important to determine the size of austenite grain in the weld metal. In this paper, a model based upon the carbon diffusion rate is developed for computing austenite grain size in low-alloy steel weld metal during continuous cooling. The model takes into account the effects of the weld thermal cycles,inclusion particles and various alloy elements on the austenite grain growth.The calculating results agree reasonably with those reported experimental observations.The model demonstrates a significant promise to understand the weld microstructure and properties based on the welding science.     

Prediction model of austenite growth and the role of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel

The austenite growth behavior of non-quenched and tempered steels (casted by continuous casting and molding casting processes) was studied. The austenite grain size of steel B casted by continuous casting process is smaller than that of steel A casted by molding casting process at the same heating parameters. The abnormal austenite growth temperature of the steels A and B are 950 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. Based on the results, the models for the austenite grain growth below and above the abnormal austenite growth temperature of the investigated steels were established. The dispersedly distributed fine particles MnS in steel B is the key factor refining the austenite grain by pinning the migration of austenite grain boundary. The elongated inclusions MnS are ineffective in preventing the austenite grain growth at high heating temperature. For the non-quenched and tempered steel, the continuous casting process should be adopted and the inclusion MnS should be elliptical, smaller in size and distributed uniformly in order to refine the final microstructure and also improve the mechanical properties.     

基于Matlab的300M钢奥氏体晶粒的长大规律

研究了300 M钢在不同加热温度(850～1180℃)和保温时间(5～120 min)下的奥氏体晶粒长大规律。绘制了300 M钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸在不同加热温度和保温时间下的等值线图;利用Sellars晶粒长大模型,构建了300 M钢的奥氏体晶粒长大数学模型。结果表明,300 M钢在高温加热时具有较好的抗晶粒粗化能力,在1050℃左右开始粗化。奥氏体晶粒尺寸等值线图可定性和定量预测奥氏体晶粒长大规律;奥氏体晶粒长大数学模型可用两个数学公式来描述,即当加热温度为850℃≤T≤1050℃时,d6.14=texp(68.97-64945.88/T);当加热温度为1050℃≤T≤1180℃时,d7.39=texp(134.56-144504.52/T)。     

淬火温度对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管组织的影响

通过系列温度淬火试验对低合金耐蚀27CrMo48VNb钢油井管进行热处理,并采用光学显微镜和透射电镜对不同温度淬火后组织、原奥氏体晶粒以及析出相进行了观察,研究了淬火温度对试验钢组织、晶粒尺寸和析出相的影响。结果表明,试验钢淬火后形成了马氏体组织。随着淬火温度升高,淬火后马氏体组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。当淬火温度为890~1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,晶粒尺寸增加较小;当淬火温度超过1000 ℃时,随着淬火温度升高,原奥氏体晶粒显著粗化。组织和原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随淬火温度的变化趋势与高温析出相溶解析出行为有关。试验钢的淬火温度应控制在890~1000 ℃。     

20MnVBH钢的奥氏体晶粒度及淬透性研究

研究了用电弧炉，平炉和非真空感应炉冶炼的２０ＭｎＶＢＨ钢的奥氏体晶粒度及淬透性。结果表明，有效钛是决定钢奥氏体晶粒度的主要参数；有效硼是决定该钢淬透性的主要参数。     

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通过对60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢的直接淬硬法所获得的晶粒度与氧化法中试样表层不同的深度及不同的腐蚀方法所获得的晶粒度的检验比较,分析了用氧化法检验60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢奥氏体晶粒度时出现错误结果的原因,得出用氧化法检验60 Si2 CrVAT弹簧钢奥氏体晶粒度最准确的方法是一定要控制检验面的打磨深度,将检验面最表层氧化铁皮轻微磨掉即可,抛光后直接观察或经1 5％盐酸酒精溶液腐蚀使晶界更清晰后观察评定.     

S34MnV钢的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学

利用DIL-805AD/T动态膨胀相变仪对S34MnV钢在不同加热温度和保温时间下进行奥氏体化试验,通过晶界腐蚀、光学显微镜观察和截点法测定了奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸,并对S34MnV钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律进行了深入分析。通过对比Beck模型、Hillert模型和Sellars模型,根据实测晶粒尺寸数据拟合并优化了模型参数,建立了S34MnV钢奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学模型。结果表明:兼顾加热温度和保温时间两方面影响因素的Sellars模型的计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,可用于预测S34MnV钢在880~920 ℃加热温度范围内,保温10~240 min时的奥氏体晶粒长大规律。     

V对含氮马氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

为提升含氮马氏体不锈钢在高温下服役性能,设计了两种试验钢(一种添加0.12%V (质量分数),一种不加V),采用冲击、拉伸试验机、洛氏硬度计、Thermo-Calc软件、OM、SEM、TEM研究了添加微量的V对含氮马氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在较高温度450～550℃下回火,添加0.12%V较不加V的含氮马氏体不锈钢硬度提高了0.6～1.9 HRC,冲击吸收能量提高了1.2～3.8 J。1050℃淬火、-73℃冷处理、530℃回火后,添加0.12%V钢的塑韧性得到较大提升,断裂方式改变为韧-脆混合断裂,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸由16.48μm减小为11.12μm,未溶第二相的种类和分布由沿着原奥氏体晶界呈断链状分布的短棒状M₂₃C₆碳化物转变为弥散分布的球状碳化物和碳氮化物。通过细化晶粒和均匀分布的球状碳化物、碳氮化物,使得含氮马氏体不锈钢的强度和塑韧性均得到提升。     

淬火工艺对H13E钢显微组织及力学性能的影响

H13E钢是通过调整合金元素对H13钢进行了一定的改性,研究了淬火工艺对H13E钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着淬火温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸单调增加,从1020 ℃升高至1080 ℃时,平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸增长了约40 μm;硬度在1060 ℃达到最大值,为61.6 HRC,相较于传统H13钢硬度高3~5 HRC,同时冲击吸收能量可达16 J以上。当保温时间在20~50 min时,奥氏体晶粒增长速率较缓慢,平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸仅增长7 μm左右,同时硬度仅下降0.2 HRC左右。相同条件下油冷后H13E钢马氏体更细小,力学性能优于空冷后的H13E钢。考虑综合力学性能,H13E钢较佳淬火工艺为:1060 ℃保温20～30 min,油冷。     

Effect of grain size on strain-induced martensitic transformation start temperature in an ultrafine grained metastable austenitic steel

Tensile tests were used to investigate the effect of grain size on the strain-induced martensitic transformation start temperature in metastable austenitic steel with special attention to ultrafine grain size. The austenite grains were refined to submicron size by the strain-induced martensite and its reverse transformations (SIMRT), which occurred during a conventional cold rolling and annealing process. The start temperature of the straininduced martensitic transformation was linearly lowered with a decrease in austenite grain size, even down to submicron grain sizes. This result is due to the decrease in grain size causing an increase in the temperature dependency of the strain-induced martensitic transformation and higher austenite stability brought about by grain refinement.     

Super304H耐热钢时效过程中的奥氏体晶粒长大及力学性能

对经过预变形和短时固溶处理得到的不同晶粒度Super304H管材进行750℃×129 h高温时效处理,以模拟Super304H钢管长时服役过程的奥氏体晶粒长大。采用OM、EBSD、TEM等测试手段表征了奥氏体晶粒晶界特征,探讨了时效过程中奥氏体晶粒长大机制;通过室温及高温拉伸测试研究了时效后不同奥氏体晶粒尺寸对Super304H钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,经预变形和短时固溶后,Super304H耐热钢管试样主要织构为<111>//RD(Rolling direction),时效过程中该取向的奥氏体晶粒以吞噬其他高畸变晶粒为代价进一步生长;经高温时效后,Super304H钢管试样室温、高温拉伸性能随着晶粒尺寸的增大均呈下降趋势,伸长率随晶粒尺寸增大下降明显。伸长率可作为服役态Super304H耐热钢管金属监督的重点指标。     

奥氏体化过程对Cr14Mo4V高温轴承钢微观组织的影响

针对高温轴承钢Cr14Mo4V开展了微观组织随奥氏体化参数演化规律研究。利用OM、XRD、SEM及硬度测试对Cr14Mo4V钢中碳化物、残留奥氏体、晶粒尺寸及硬度等进行了分析。结果表明,淬火态Cr14Mo4V高温轴承钢微观组织主要包括淬火马氏体、残留奥氏体和带状碳化物;奥氏体化过程中微观组织演化对奥氏体化温度较为敏感,随着奥氏体化温度的升高,残留奥氏体含量逐渐增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,碳化物逐渐溶解,带状碳化物合金元素分布发生变化。Cr14Mo4V轴承钢硬度随奥氏体化温度的升高呈先略微增加后显著降低的趋势,主要受基体固溶度、残留奥氏体含量及晶粒尺寸等因素综合影响。     

低合金钢焊缝金属中奥氏体晶粒尺寸计算模型的研究

针对低合金钢焊缝金属奥氏体晶粒尺寸计算模型缺乏这一问题，通过对奥氏体晶粒长大情况的分析，从扩散的角度出发，提出并建立了基于碳原子扩散速率的低合金钢焊缝金属奥氏体晶料在连续冷却条件下长大的物理模型，进而得到了最终的奥氏体晶粒尺寸的计算模型。该模型在结合焊接热循环实际情况的基础上，充分考虑了焊缝金属中的合金元素对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响，从而可以更加准确地体现焊接条件下低合金钢焊缝金属奥氏体晶粒长大的真实情况。该模型的计算结果与试验测量结果能够符合得很好，表明了所建立的模型的有效性。     

固溶和时效处理对Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢组织和硬度的影响

采用 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜 (OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和布氏硬度计等对固溶时效处理后Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢的显微组织和硬度进行表征分析。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,试验钢中奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,在1050 ℃时,晶粒尺寸为50~200 μm,而随着时效温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,奥氏体基体中出现κ-碳化物和VC等第二相。随着时效温度的升高,试验钢中第二相的析出形貌逐渐由零星点状式到片状聚集式,再到链状形态分布在奥氏体基体内。试验钢的硬度随着固溶温度的升高和时效温度的降低,分别呈降低和增加的趋势。     

Effect of strain rate on deformation behavior of TRIP steels

Tensile deformation behavior of Si–Mn TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steel with vanadium and without vanadium and the DP (Dual Phase) steel of the same composition were studied in a large range of strain rate (0.001–2000 s^?1) by routine material testing machine, rotation disk bar–bar tensile impact apparatus and high-speed material testing machine of servo-hydraulic type. In situ measurement of the transformation of retained austenite was performed by means of X-ray stress apparatus in order to have detailed knowledge about the transformation of retained austenite at quasi-static tensile. Microstructure of steels before and after tensile were observed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is shown that there is no yield plateau observed on the stress–strain curve at quasi-static condition for TRIP steel containing vanadium because the vanadium carbide suppress the formation of Cottrell atmosphere in matrix. Retained austenite of Si–Mn TRIP steel containing vanadium transforms to martensite at loading stress of 502 MPa (its yielding strength is 486 MPa), while the transformation of retained austenite in matrix of Si–Mn TRIP steel without vanadium happens when its yielding process is finished at quasi-static tensile. It is confirmed that phase transformation of retained austenite in TRIP steel is strain induced phase transformation. It is noted that tensile elongation of TRIP steel at dynamic tensile is always lower than that at quasi-static tensile. That is because gradually strain induced phase transformation of retained austenite in TRIP steel is suppressed by deformation localization at dynamic tensile.     

热加工工艺对35MnVNRe钢奥氏体组织的影响

为了提高非调质35MnVNRe钢的韧性,有效的方法是细化奥氏体晶粒,因而研究了热加工工艺对该钢种奥氏体形变再结晶和晶粒尺寸的影响。为热加工工艺参数的选择提供了依据。