Dynamic response of towed line array

Three-dimensional motion equations with consideration of the bending and torsional effects of a marine towed cable system under large elastic deformation conditions are formulated using the lumped parameter model. The lumped mass model is used to simulate a circular maneuver of a towed horizontal array that was first presented by Ablow. The results of this paper are in a good agreement with those obtained by finite difference schemes, and the minimum depth is closer to the experimental result. Although the calculations take more computation time, the lumped mass model is a good method, which can also be used to solve problems of towed line array, especially multi-branched towed line array, because of its flexibility.     

水下航行体艏部低噪声线型的声学设计方法

本文按照Lauchle提出的过渡区湍流猝发的单极子声辐射理论，在确定航行体线型和计算势流分布的基础上，通过计算边界层厚度和转捩点位置、确定湍流斑猝发的统计特性，再由适当近似计算过渡区的声辐射，从而建立水下航行体艏部低噪声线型的声学设计方法。数值计算表明优化的艏部线型与国外资料中的艏部优化线型十分接近，艏部声纳部位自噪声的计算结果与模型试验结果相比，在3kHz以上频段偏差小于3dB。     

水吸收及距离对减压试验的影响

根据水吸收及距离引起的声波衰减计算公式,对水吸收及距离可能对减压实验中空化噪声强度测量结果造成的影响作了初步的理论探讨。研究表明,水吸收及距离产生的声衰减在一定距离范围内对空化初生的判别并无影响,超过一定距离范围则水听器监测到的空化初生判别结果不再准确。     

基于波速对渗透性反演的富水砂岩注浆效果分析

针对富水破碎砂岩注浆止水效果难以逐点检测的问题,提出采用声波测井反演渗透性,对细部止水效果进行评价。基于Wyllie-Clemenceau波速-孔隙率公式以及Kozeny-Carman渗透方程,建立了富水砂岩波速-渗透率理论模型。以湖南某地基注浆工程为研究对象,采用岩心试验、声波测井以及压水试验,获取了注浆前、后岩心及岩层的波速和渗透率,通过拟合岩心数据,验证了波速-渗透率模型,并发现其存在以下规律:波速与渗透率呈非线性负相关,关系曲线具有明显的变化率分界点;注浆影响骨架波速与岩性指数。将测井波速反演的各测点计算渗透率与压水试验渗透数据对比,验证了模型在工程中的可靠性。以计算渗透率为基础,建立了富水砂岩注浆效果定量评价体系,并对案例进行了评价。     

对水声定位滤波算法记忆衰减方式的改进

水下定位是自动化设备在水下建筑物安全监测工作过程中基础性、关键性的工作。滤波算法是水声定位算法的重要组成部分,有助于抑制噪声还原真实数据。衰减记忆滤波可以一定程度上处理由于模型不准确或模型变化及舍入误差累积等因素所引起的滤波发散问题。记忆衰减方式对算法的性能影响很大,对水声定位中的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的记忆衰减方式进行了改进,主要改进在判断是否需要进行记忆衰减后,以观测值为标准进行记忆衰减。3种不同工况的水声定位仿真试验结果,验证了改进算法中记忆衰减方式的合理性和准确性;通过与现有记忆衰减算法仿真比较,改进算法可改善定位效果,提高连续定位精度。     

A three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory for ship structures in acoustic field of shallow sea

Nowadays the development of green ship technology requires the vibration and noise control of oceangoing ships. The three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory of ships was previously extended to include the effect of fluid compressibility. This enables the dynamic responses and the acoustic radiations of a ship excited by onboard machineries or fluid fluctuation loads to be predicted. In this paper the hydroelastic analysis and sonoelastic analysis methods are fixrther incorporated with the Green＇s function in the Pekeris ocean hydro-acoustic waveguide model to work out a three-dimensional sonoelastic analysis method for ships in the ocean hydro-acoustic environment. As examples, the sound radiations of a floating elastic spherical shell excited by a concentrated force and a traveling LNG ship excited by the propeller induced pulsating forces acting on the wetted bottom plate of the stem in the shallow sea environment are predicted. The influences of the free surface and the sea bed on the generalized hydrodynamic coefficients and the acoustic pressure distributions in fluid domain are illustrated and discussed.     

堤防管涌声发射采集参数设置研究

为了采集管涌过程具有高信噪比的声发射信号,实现声发射技术在堤防管涌监测预警中的推广运用,开展了变水头作用下的管涌破坏试验。通过相同前放增益设置不同的门槛值,分析环境噪声和电子噪声信号,得到了不同前放增益下的最佳门槛设定值。对管涌破坏过程不同通道的AE信号参数最大幅值和最大峰频值分析,AE通道的前放增益选取40 dB,采样频率1 MHz,门槛值为25 dB。通过波形流的采集方法,采集管涌过程连续的AE信号波形。利用AIC准则对AE信号波形分析,得到了AE定时参数:峰值鉴别时间(PDT)为100μs;撞击鉴别时间(HDT)为900μs。管涌过程中AE信号为突发型信号,时域分布疏密差异。通过对单个撞击间时间间隔的测定,结合采样长度,得到了撞击闭锁时间(HLT)为1 500μs。由对噪声信号和管涌过程AE信号的分析,得到了一套适合堤防管涌过程声发射采集设置参数,研究成果对声发射监测堤防管涌具有重要参考价值。     

小浪底工程1号孔板泄洪洞水流空化原型试验研究

在库水位为210.18～210.28 m之间时,对小浪底水利枢纽工程1号孔板泄洪洞泄洪情况下多级孔板水流空化特性进行了原型试验。对弧形工作闸门在连续开启过程中各级孔板水流噪声的频谱分析发现,闸门孔口相对开度e/a为0.9时,第二级和第三级孔板处水流噪声声压级突然增加10 dB以上,表明开始出现空化水流,相应三级孔板的水流空化数分别为5.85、5.65和5.03,该结果与考虑缩尺影响修正后的模型试验研究结果基本一致。     

铸铁排水管与硬聚氯乙烯排水管噪声的研究

通过测定铸铁排水管和硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)排水管排水噪声值,在不同流量、不同测试距离、不同测试高度条件下分析铸铁排水管和PVC-U排水管噪声的变化规律。经拟合得出铸铁排水管和PVC-U排水管噪声变化符合y=-alnx b的规律,声波传播方式为柱面波。同一点位同一流量下,在距离声源50cm处PVC-U排水管的噪声值比铸铁排水管大7dB(A)左右,在距离声源300cm处PVC-U排水管的噪声值比铸铁排水管大3dB(A)左右,而且PVC-U排水管噪声随距离增加衰减的速率比铸铁排水管大。     

Rapid sonic characterisation of sewer change and obstructions.

This paper reports on the development of a low-cost, rapidly deployable sensor for surveying live sewers for blockages and structural failures. The anticipated cost is an order of magnitude lower than current techniques. The technology is based on acoustic normal model decomposition, The instrument emits short coded acoustic signals which are reflected from any sewer wall defect. The acoustic signals can be short Gaussian pulses or longer sinusoidal sweeps and pseudo-random noise. The processing algorithms used on the reflected signal can predict the extent and geometry of the pipe deformation, and the locations and approximate size of common blockages. The effect of the water level on the frequency of the fundamental mode has also been investigated. It is shown that the technique can be adapted to work reliably in relatively large 600 mm diameter sewer pipes.     

单轴压缩盐岩声发射特征及损伤演化探讨

为了探究盐岩压缩变形破坏过程中,声发射现象与内部损伤的相关关系,利用四川大学MTS815岩石力学试验系统,对云南安宁盐岩进行单轴压缩试验,分析了盐岩声发射特征。依据损伤理论,得到了基于声发射参数的盐岩的损伤演化模型,并引入修正系数对其进行理论修正,分析损伤终值对损伤本构模型的影响。研究结果表明:盐岩的声发射(acoustic emission,简称AE)振铃计数率和能量率在弹性极限附近达到最大值,之后呈现高频低幅值的声发射现象;基于声发射的盐岩损伤变量值在压缩变形前期增加较快;基于AE累计振铃计数得到的损伤值<基于AE累计能量计算得到的盐岩损伤值;修正后的声发射损伤理论模型曲线与试验曲线全过程吻合较好,能够较好地反映盐岩内部损伤演化过程;振铃计数参数模型比能量参数模型能更好地模拟盐岩的损伤演化特征。     

不可压缩旋转涡对的流噪声计算研究

相隔一定距离的两个同向旋涡相互诱导而形成绕中点旋转的涡对,进而诱发流噪声。该文基于不可压缩流场提供的非稳态流动信息,采用黏声分离法研究水流场中旋转涡对的声学特性。计算结果同理论值进行比较,并探讨了计算条件对计算稳定性和准确性的影响。计算结果表明:在选取合适的计算参数(人工阻尼、网格尺寸和时间步长)的情况下,黏声分离法方法适用于预测水流噪声。对不可压缩旋转涡对的声场特性进行分析,得到旋转涡对声压图案类似四极子,在远场接近圆柱波;随着旋转马赫数的增加,声压级增大。     

一种用于三维滑坡模型试验数据处理的新方法

研究了一种用于三维滑坡模型试验数据处理的新方法:首先用“3σ准则”检测奇异数据,然后用时间序列中的自适应滤波法对检测出奇异数据的时刻进行预测,并用预测值替换奇异值,最后用五点三次平滑法对噪声干扰较弱的波动数据进行平滑处理。把该方法运用到三维滑坡模型试验数据处理中,处理结果显示该方法能够有效剔除奇异数据和去除毛刺现象,同时不改变原始数据的正常变化趋势。     

INFLUENCE OF OCEAN INTERNAL WAVE ON PROPAGATION OF UNDERWATER RADIATION NOISE

The underwater acoustic field influenced by a selected ocean internal wave was computed using the Parabolic Equation (PE) method and split-step difference algorithm in this paper. Acoustic field is formed by sound source with different frequency covering the range of radiation noise of ships and submarines. Owing to the adoption of complex variables,sparse matrix, Gaussian source and analysis on the grid size.numerical results are achieved smoothly. The results show that internal wave‘s influence on underwater sound can‘t be neglected, especially for higher sound frequency. So it‘s necessary to take internal wave into account in identifying radiation noise of ships and submarines, namely for sound intensity, transmission loss and spectra shape.     

Novel scaling law for estimating propeller tip vortex cavitation noise from model experiment

The tip vortex cavitation(TVC) noise of marine propellers is of interest due to the environmental impacts from commercial ships as well as for the survivability of naval ships. Due to complicated flow and noise field around a marine propeller, a theoretical approach to the estimation of TVC noise is practically unrealizable. Thus, estimation of prototype TVC noise level is realized through extrapolation of the model TVC noise level measured in a cavitation tunnel. In this study, for the prediction of prototype TVC noise level from a model test, a novel scaling law reflecting the physical basis of TVC is derived from the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, the Rankine vortex model, the lifting surface theory, and other physical assumptions. Model and prototype noise data were provided by Samsung Heavy Industries(SHI) for verification. In applying the novel scaling law, similitude of the spectra of nuclei is applied to assume the same nuclei distribution in the tip vortex line of the model and the prototype. It was found that the prototype TVC noise level predicted by the novel scaling law has better agreement with the prototype TVC noise measurement than the prototype TVC noise level predicted by the modified ITTC noise estimation rule.     

空化噪声量测结构的声学性能研究

本文从理论上分析了在水流空化声测研究中空化噪声量测结构的声学性能。提出了判断空化噪声传声窗声学性能的两个条件,第一,工作液体和传声窗特性阻抗匹配条件:ρ_1C_1=ρ_2C_2;第二,空化噪声谱频域的最大频率f_(max)(或最小波长λ_(min))条件:f_(max)≤C/(60D)(或λ_(min)/D≥60)。若传声窗满足其中任一条件,就可以获得较好的声测效果。同时,对此结果进行了试验验证,试验结果和理论分析结果吻合很好。 根据这两个条件,本文对目前常规使用的有机玻璃传声窗的声学性能进行了分析。结果表明:对于清水空化的声测研究而言,其阻抗比r_(21)=2.18,不满足ρ_1C_1=ρ_2C_2条件,而且实际空化噪声谱频域很难满足f_(max)≤V/(60D)条件。因此,有机玻璃材料传声窗的传声效果并不理想,其声学性能不如聚乙烯材料更好。     

三门峡大坝双层泄水孔原型噪声观测与底孔改建设计

三门峡大坝泄流排沙孔原为施工导流底孔，其体型不满足黄河高含沙水流的要求，泄水后其斜门槽、工作门槽导轨等部位发生严重破坏。为了查明破坏机理，提出合理的改建措施，于１９８９年对双层泄水孔进行了原型噪声观测。本文介绍了噪声测试水流空化的原理、方法及成果，对照水工模型试验及底孔破坏情况进行了分析，对改建方案进行了论证。此次原型噪声观测为水工建筑物水流空化情况测试和判断提供了新的途径，底孔改建为改善水力条件     

Numerical and experimental studies of hydraulic noise induced by surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump

The influences of the four different surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump on the acoustic calculating accuracy are studied in this paper, by using the CFD combined with the Lighthill acoustic analogy methods. Firstly, the unsteady flow in the pump is solved based on the large eddy simulation method and the pressure pulsations on the four different surfaces are obtained. The four surfaces include the volute surface, the discharge pipe surface, the inner surface of the pump cavity, and the interfaces between the impeller and the stationary parts as well as the outer surface of the impeller. Then, the software Sysnoise is employed to interpolate the pressure fluctuations onto the corresponding surfaces of the acoustic model. The Fast Fourier Transform with a Hanning window is used to analyze the pressure fluctuations and transform them into the surface dipole sources. The direct boundary element method is applied to calculate the noise radiated from the dipole sources. And the predicted sound pressure level is compared with the experimental data. The results show that the pressure fluctuations on the discharge pipe surface and the outer surface of the impeller have little effect on the acoustic simulation results. The pressure pulsations on the inner surface of the pump cavity play an important role in the internal flow and the acoustic simulation. The acoustic calculating error can be reduced by about 7% through considering the effect of the pump cavity. The sound pressure distributions show that the sound pressure level increases with the growing flow rate, with the largest magnitude at the tongue zone.     

基于损伤演化的半均质砂岩本构模型研究

为了对受载岩体破坏过程的损伤演化规律进行探究,利用三轴试验仪对半均质砂岩进行三轴压缩试验,并布置声发射(AE)监测仪,对砂岩变形破坏全过程进行试验研究。分析了不同围压下砂岩三轴压缩各阶段的声发射特征,提出了基于AE事件点数的损伤变量,分别假设损伤演化方程服从韦伯分布和对数正态概率分布,建立了以AE事件点数为损伤变量的损伤演化模型,并引入修正系数对损伤变量D进行修正。结果表明围压越大,声发射活动越弱,围压能够抑制试样内部裂纹的产生和发展,增大试样强度,从而延缓其宏观破坏时间;砂岩的损伤发展主要经过4个阶段,即初始损伤阶段、损伤稳定发展、损伤加速阶段和破坏后损伤阶段。通过对韦伯分布和对数正态分布建立的声发射损伤模型进行比较,发现对数正态分布更适用于描述半均质砂岩的声发射现象。     

三峡工程混凝土质量声波波速标准研究

通过对不同设计标号、龄期、级配的混凝土试件抗压强度和声波速度的比较试验,结合现场混凝土声波测试,讨论了混凝土强度、龄期、级配、测孔间距等因素对混凝土波速的影响,并根据现行相关混凝土质量验收规范,提出了三峡工程混凝土质量声波波速标准。通过在三峡工程混凝土质量检测中的实际应用,认为该标准是可行的。