面向应用型人才的金属腐蚀与防护教学探讨

应用型人才要求能将专业知识和技能应用于所从事的专业社会实践,《金属腐蚀与防护》教学中通过引入过程化考核形式、案例教学法、校企联合教学、鼓励学生自主讨论学习等形式可使学生在掌握腐蚀基本理论和知识的基础上,培养独立思考、团队协作、语言表达的能力和解决工程实际腐蚀问题的能力,以适应应用型人才的需求。     

《金属腐蚀与防护》课程在应用型本科院校的教学

《金属腐蚀与防护》是材料和化学专业一门重要的专业课。我们根据应用型本科院校的要求,针对《金属腐蚀与防护》课程在本科院校教学过程中存在的问题,通过调整课时和开课时间,引入案例教学方法,增强实验教学环节,开展以科研促进教学的活动,采用多元考核方式等手段改革了该课程的教学。结果表明,这些措施丰富了教学内容,调动学生的积极性、主动性,激发学生的学习兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果。     

从改革教学内容和方法着手提高学生的能力

“金属腐蚀电化学研究方法”是我校应用化学系腐蚀与防护专业的一门专业课。几年来我们从教材的编写、课程内容的组织、教学环节的安排、教学实验的设置和考试方式的改进等方面来改革教学,致力于培养学生的思维能力和增强动手能力。     

金属腐蚀的分类和防护方法

文章介绍了金属腐蚀的分类和影响因素,对金属腐蚀防护的方法和重要性进行了详细的阐述,简单列举了一些常用的化学涂料,并对他们的机理和作用做了简单介绍,结合石油化工中的工程实例说明金属腐蚀的防护的手段是不是单一的,而是采用多种方法相结合的方法以达到防护的目的。最后对技术腐蚀防护行业发出寄语,尽量减少因为金属腐蚀的原因造成的恶果。     

浅谈腐蚀与防护专业高分子化学与物理选修课的教学改革

《高分子化学与物理》是腐蚀与防护专业一门重要的选修课。针对我校腐蚀与防护专业学科特色和学生专业背景,探讨了高分子化学与物理选修课教学过程中存在的问题和不足,提出了选修课的教改措施。通过高分子化学与物理选修课教学内容和教材的合理选择,基于教学-工程案例-实践教学相结合的互动式教学方法,培养学生的学习兴趣和独立自主的科学思维,提高高分子化学选修课的教学质量。     

欢迎订阅1995年《腐蚀科学与防护技术》

《腐蚀科学与防护技术》是全国性核心学术刊物,由中国科学院金属腐蚀与防护研究所、金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室合办。自1989年创刊以来,刊物的质量及水平迅速提高。目前,已正式成为“中国科技论文统计用刊”,并被国内外检索性刊物摘引收录(如美国的corrosion Abstract等)。主要刊登金属腐蚀与防护领域中有所创见的研究报告、综述、技术报告、研究简报、失效分析、经验交流等稿件适于科研、教学、工程技术人员阅读参考。全部文章均附英文摘要、图题及表题也用英文标出,以飨国内外不同读者并便于国际检索。本刊为季刊,国内定价:3.00元/本。欢迎订阅,订单函索即寄。信汇或从邮局汇款给编辑部均可。     

润滑油的金属腐蚀与防护研究

润滑油的金属化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀作用机理;归纳了润滑油中酸性或碱性物质、硫化物、水分和微生物等腐蚀金属的物质;从改善润滑油内在质量和使用环境两个方面总结了润滑油金属腐蚀的防护措施;指出根据金属的不同,在润滑油中添加不同的抗氧防腐剂是润滑油金属腐蚀的主要研究方向之一。     

石油化工特色的《金属腐蚀与防护》课程建设探讨

文章结合我校金属腐蚀与防护课程教学情况,分析了课程建设存在的主要问题及其影响,探讨了石油化工特色金属腐蚀与防护课程建设的措施,目的在于加强我校《金属腐蚀与防护》课程教学,建立具有我校石油化工特色的课程体系,提高本课程的针对性和实用性,为石油化工企业培养防腐专业人材。     

换热设备的腐蚀与防护应用实例

介绍了金属腐蚀的危害及对腐蚀的控制方法。以骤冷塔冷凝器为例，通过剖析腐蚀产生的原因，重点介绍了换热设备腐蚀防护应用方法和达到的效果。     

前苏联缓蚀剂发展概况

<正> 前苏联(以下苏联均为前苏联)是世界研究金属腐蚀与防护的主要国家之一,有庞大的研究机构,从事腐蚀这一边缘学科工作的研究所和大学近百余所。研究力量雄厚,在世界腐蚀学术领域,起到举足轻重的作用。如两个历史悠久的研究所:①苏联科学院物理化学研究所,其所长托马晓夫教授的巨著《金属腐蚀理论》     

硅烷处理N2O氧化苯生产苯酚催化剂抑制结碳失活研究

The main cause to the deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst, used for oxidation of benzene to phenol (BTOP) by nitrous oxide, is that the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface blocks the mouth of pores of the catalyst.In the experiments, ZSM-5 catalyst was modified by chemical surface deposition of silicon, and then the effect of modification condition on the catalyst activation was studied. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRF,EPS, XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption at low temperature, pyridine adsorption-infrared technique and etc. All the above results show that the uniform SiO2 membrane can be formed on ZSM-5 crystal surface. The SiO2 membrane covers the acid centers on ZSM-5 surface to inhibit surface coking, to avoid or decrease the possibility of ZSM-5 pore blockage so that the catalyst activity and stability can be improved efficiently. The optimum siliconiting conditions determined by the experiments are as follows: 4% load of silanizing agent, volume (ml)/mass (g) ratio of hexane/ZSM-5=15/1, and 16 h of modification time. Compared with the samples without siliconiting treatment,the samples treated under the above optimum condition can increase the productivity of phenol by 14% for 3 h reaction time and by 41% for 6 h reaction time respectively.     

基于魏格纳分布的鼓泡流化床中结焦早期诊断

An experimental verification is reported on the early predicting index of agglomeration in bubbling fluidized bed. Coarse quartz sand, which has the same density but larger diameter than the bed material, was used to simulate the initial agglomerated particle. Wigner distribution was used to analyze the pressure fuctuation of the tested bed, and the average amplitude of local domain frequency （LDF） and local peak weighted average frequency （LPWA） under different operating conditions were measured and compared. The results showed that the LDF is sensitive to the agglomeration phenomena and had quick response to the incipient agglomeration in fluidized beds. It can be concluded from the results that these two parameters could be taken as the characteristic indexes to the agglomeration in fuidized beds.     

颗粒尾涡增强湍流的大涡模拟以及气固两相流中湍流变动的数值模拟

The turbulence enhancement by particle wake effect is studied by large eddy simulation （LES） of turbulent gas flows passing a single particle. The predicted time-averaged and root-mean-square fluctuation velocities behind the particle are in agreement with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling results and experimental results. A semi-empirical turbulence enhancement model is proposed by the present-authors based on the LES resuits. This model is incorporated into the second-order moment two-phase turbulence model for simulating vertical gas-particle pipe flows and horizontal gas-particle channel flows. The simulation results show that compared with the model not accounting for the particle wake effect, the present model gives simulation results for the gas turbulence modulation in much better agreement with the experimental results.     

用NRTL方程推算高压汽液平衡并同时描述过量焓

The non-random two liquids （NRTL） equation together with the Pitzer/Curl Virial equation of state are used to investigate the simultaneous representation of excess enthalpies （h^E） and vapour-liquid equilibria （VLE） and the VLE prediction from h^E data. The calculation strategy for properly determining NRTL parameters and the effect of their temperature dependence on the simultaneous correlation of h^E and VLE data and the VLE extrapolation are analysed in detail.     

一种用于计算机辅助产物设计中基于BP-NN优化问题的求解方法

Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.     

燃烧法制备二氧化钛催化剂的条件对其可见光催化性能的影响

Titania catalysts were synthesized by a solution combustion method （SCM）. Photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） using the synthesized catalysts was studied under both visible light （λ≥420nm） and sunlight irradiation. The effect of preparation conditions on photocatalytic activities of the synthesized catalysts was investigated. The optimal photocatalytic activity of the catalyst （denoted as A1 ） was obtained under the following synthesis conditions： ignition temperature of 350~C, fuel ratio （ φ） of 1 and calcination time of lh. The degradation and mineralization ratio of 4-CP were 78.2% and 53.7% respectively under visible light irradiation for 3h using catalyst A1. And the catalyst A1 also showed high photocatalytic activity under sunlight irradiation.     

废轮胎热解炭黑的表面修饰及其在平版印刷油墨中的应用

Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into valuable products. Pyrolytic carbon black （PCB） is one of the most important products resulting from the pyrolysis of used tires. One of the most significant applications of modified pyrolytic carbon black is its use as pigment for offset printing ink to obtain high added values. Inverse gas chromatography （IGC） results show that a large quantity of inorganic matters and carbonaceous deposit are removed by treating the pyrolytic carbon black with nitric acid solution. Plenty of active sites originally occupied by inorganic ash and coke are recovered. The surface energy of pyrolytic carbon black （TWPC） modified by titanate-coupling agent-especially the specific interaction γs^SP determined by the specific probe molecule, toluene-shows the strong interaction between the TWPC and the synthetic resins. The offset printing ink performance confirms the IGC prediction. And TWPC has the great potential of applications in printing ink industry as pigment.     

约束优化控制的约束调整与目标协调及在重油分离器过程中的作用

In this paper, the feasibility and objectives coordination of real-time optimization (RTO) are systemically investigated under soft constraints. The reason for requiring soft constraints adjustment and objective relaxation simultaneously is that the result is not satisfactory when the feasible region is apart from the desired working point or the optimization problem is infeasible. The mixed logic method is introduced to describe the priority of the constraints and objectives, thereby the soft constraints adjustment and objectives coordination are solved together in RTO. A case study on the Shell heavy oil fractionators benchmark problem illustrating the method is finally presented.     

酚醛树脂改性煤焦油沥青中制得的中间相球体的结构特征

Mesocarbon microbeads （MCMB） were prepared from coal tar pitch modified by phenolic resin and from the same pitch modified by phenolic resin and hexamethylenetetramine at 440℃ for lh. By investigating the morphology of mesophase spheres and the structure of the MCMB carbonized at 1000℃ for lh using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and XRD, it was found that phenolic resin accelerated the formation and coalescence of mesophase spheres. Some of the obtained MCMB were hi- or tri-spheres with the distorted microtextural carbon layers. Hexamethylenetetramine in the pitch modified by phenolic resin accelerated the condensation of phenolic resin and consequently expedited the combination of mesophase spheres, which was proved by the formation of some tetra-spheres. Owing to the cross-linkage of the additives, MCMB with complex structure were obtained.     

杂合基因算法在酵母中间代谢途径代谢通量分析中的应用

A scheme of investigating the intracellular metabolic fluxes in central metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on isotope model and tracer experiment was developed. The metabolic model applied in this study includes the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, CO2 anaplerotic reactions, ethanol and acetate formation, and pathways involved in amino acid synthesis. The approach of hybridized genetic algorithm combined with the sequential simplex technique was used to optimize a quadratic error function without the requirement of the information on the partial derivatives. The impact of some key parameters on the algorithm was studied. This approach was proved to be rapid and numerically stable in the analysis of the central metabolism of S.cerevisiae.