弱本振激光外差探测信噪比分析

为避免传统激光外差探测中强本振信号带来的散粒噪声影响,着眼于光子级别的弱本振激光外差探测信噪比分析。首先,将脉冲体制弱本振激光外差探测信噪比表达式应用于分段连续弱本振激光外差探测中,获得中心频率为221 kHz外差信号的解析,且信噪比的理论计算和实验值吻合。其次,采用数据段细分功率谱累积技术,在相同的信噪比情况下,所利用的数据量总数降低为传统功率谱累积方法的1/10,提高了数据利用率,且在功率谱累积次数较少时,信噪改善比近似遵守m规律。     

相干激光雷达平衡外差探测方法的数值仿真

建立了相干激光雷达平衡外差探测的理论模型及其数学描述,包括响应电流模型和信噪比模型.在两个模型的基础上,对平衡外差探测与一般相干探测进行比较,分析出它在消除本振相对强度噪声、提高信噪比和充分利用本振光功率上的优势.最后利用MATLAB数值仿真,着重研究了平衡外差探测方法的信噪比,验证了其在相干激光雷达探测上的优越性,并...     

微多普勒效应激光平衡外差探测特性研究

面向远距离微多普勒效应探测,建立了激光平衡外差探测输出信噪比的数学模型,并在此基础上仿真对比了平衡外差探测和一般相干探测的信噪比,分析出在合理设置探测器结构参数情况下,平衡外差探测方法在提高信噪比上有明显优势特性。经过实验验证分析,接收信号经时频分析后较一般相干探测可读性更强,减小了特征提取误差,适用于远距离微动探测。研究为目标微动的实际遥感探测提出了一种高效可行的接收方法。     

2μm双平衡式外差探测IQ解调与信噪比研究

建立了双平衡式外差探测IQ解调的数学模型,通过旋转λ/4波片来改变IQ信号间的相位差。从本振光强度过剩噪声、散粒噪声和热噪声三个方面对平衡式外差探测系统的信噪比(SNR)进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,当旋转λ/2波片使分束比在(0～0.272)和(0.728～1)范围内时,单源探测信噪比比平衡式探测的信噪比高;而分束比在(0.272～0.728)时平衡式探测的信噪比高于单源探测。搭建了2μm双平衡式外差探测实验系统,当分束比为0.5时,平衡式外差探测的信噪比比单源外差探测的信噪比提高10dB以上,从而证明了双平衡式外差探测系统在微弱信号检测中的可行性和优越性。     

外差探测激光多普勒雷达系统性能研究

外差探测激光多普勒雷达由于具有测速精度高和可辨别速度方向等优点而广泛应用于测风、流体测速以及着陆导航等方面。对外差激光多普勒雷达的测速原理、误差来源和系统噪声进行了分析,并给出了系统的信噪比和探测精度的仿真结果。搭建了全光纤外差探测激光多普勒系统。用研制的高精度运动目标模拟器开展了相关测速实验。实验结果表明,速度测量精度优于6.7 cm/s,而且与速度大小基本无关,这与仿真分析结果相一致。     

激光外差实验研究

利用激光外差探测原理实现综合孔径激光雷达探测越来越受到关注。通过二极管泵浦固体激光外差探测实验,实现了实验平台上接受目标反射微弱回波信号的外差探测,得到了信号光功率与本振光功率之间数量级差别的阈值范围,总结了实现激光外差探测应用于综合孔径激光雷达领域的条件。     

小波消噪在外差式激光多普勒振动测量中的应用

基于小波变换对外差式激光多普勒振动测量系统(HLDV)输出信号进行了噪声抑制性能研究。从外差式激光多普勒测振系统的测量原理出发,结合系统回波信号的特点,考虑测振系统中白噪声的影响,分析并改进了模极大值法和系数相关法两种小波消噪处理算法,并基于以往的阈值去噪算法,提出了新的阈值函数,重点分析了多尺度细化分析对还原原始信号特征及改善信号信噪比(SNR)的影响。结果表明,针对微振动目标运动特征提取,改进后的三种方法在振动信号的特征提取及噪声消除方面具备优异性能。     

伪随机序列调制的激光外差探测

在激光外差探测中,为了增强在频谱密度上对多普勒频移峰值的识别能力,提升对目标的探测概率,提出一种采用伪随机序列对连续激光进行调制的外差探测方法.应用伪随机序列的M序列码对发射激光和本振光同时进行频率调制,接收信号光和经时间延迟后的本振光相干叠加形成拍频信号.其特点是二进制码调制同时作用于发射信号光和本振光,使外差信号频...     

涡旋光平衡探测系统转速测量精度与信噪比分析（特邀）

对于基于叠加态涡旋光和涡旋光零差探测等传统转速测量方式,光的远距离传输和发散等原因造成的信号光衰减会导致探测系统无法准确提取信号,而涡旋光平衡探测系统可以解决这一难题,但是以往的研究对该探测系统的精度和信噪比鲜有分析,这一定程度上限制了其工程化的进展。首先将零差探测系统作为对比项,通过分析不同转速下涡旋光平衡探测系统和零差探测系统测量精度的变化情况,证明了二者均可实现高精度测量,其次通过对比在不同信号光功率下二者的信噪比(SNR),发现了在测量微弱信号时涡旋光平衡探测系统具有明显优势;最后,通过分析不同本振光功率对信噪比造成的影响,揭示了平衡探测信噪比和本振光功率之间的关系,阐明了信噪比随本振光功率变化的原因。     

基于AlGaN/GaN HEMT太赫兹探测器的340 GHz无线通信接收前端

利用天线耦合AlGaN/GaN HEMT太赫兹探测器的自混频和外差混频效应,分别设计并测试了340 GHz频段直接检波式和外差混频式接收机前端。通过接收机信噪比的测量和接收功率的定标,得到了两种接收机的等效噪声功率。直接检波模式下探测器的响应度约为20 mA/W,直接检波模式和外差混频模式下接收机的等效噪声功率分别约为?64.6 dBm/Hz1/2和?114.79 dBm/Hz。在相同的载波功率和接收信号带宽条件下,当本振太赫兹波功率大于?7 dBm时,外差混频接收的信噪比优于直接检波的信噪比。当本振功率大于0 dBm时,外差混频接收机表现出优良的解调特性,其信噪比高出直接检波接收机的信噪比10 dB以上。     

The Direct Detection Effect in the Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixer Sensitivity Calibration

We investigate an error in the noise temperature measurements of the hot-electron bolometer mixers caused by the so-called "direct detection effect". The effect originates in the changing of the mixer parameters when the mixer is loaded on calibration black body sources at different temperatures (300 and 77 K). A correction factor was obtained from the mixer output power versus the bias current dependence, measured by: 1) the local oscillator (LO) power tuning: 2) mixer heating: and 3) application of an external RF source. Furthermore, the direct detection effect was assessed by elimination of the heterodyne response using a LO frequency, which is far off the mixer RF band. We show that the direct detection effect can be mitigated by using an isolator between the mixer and the IF amplifier     

Suppression of common-mode beat noise from optical amplifiers using a balanced receiver

When a coherent (heterodyne or homodyne), single-mixer type optical receiver is combined with an optical preamplifier or in-line amplifier(s), the S/N is deteriorated severely due to the common-mode (signal-ASE and ASE-ASE) beat noise. When a balanced-type coherent receiver is used, the common-mode beat noise can be suppressed and the ideal, so-called LO-ASE beat-noise limited, S/N ratio is attainable. The authors present a clear experimental demonstration of the suppression of common-mode beat noise by a balanced receiver. The minimum required LO power is determined by the thermal noise or the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the balanced receiver.<>     

Development of a 385–500 GHz Sideband-Separating Balanced SIS Mixer

A submillimeter (385–500 GHz) low-noise sideband-separating balanced SIS (Superconductor Insulator Superconductor) mixer (Balanced 2SB mixer) with high IRR (Image Rejection Ratio) has been successfully developed, whose SSB (Single SideBand) noise temperature is ～ 200 K (10hf/k) with an image rejection ratio of ≥?～10 dB. Balanced mixers have become a promising technology which would break through the limitation especially in terahertz receivers and heterodyne arrays. However, though there are examples in microwave with relatively worse noise performance, submillimeter and terahertz balanced mixers have rarely been developed in spite of their astronomical importance. The developed balanced 2SB mixer is not only the first one demonstrated at submillimeter frequency range, but also has very low noise, high IRR, wide detectable frequencies (385–500 GHz), and a flat IF output spectrum. The balanced 2SB mixer is composed of three RF hybrids, four DSB (Double SideBand) mixers, two 180° IF hybrids, and an IF quadrature hybrid. Several important performance indicators such as noise temperature, IRR, required LO (Local Oscillator) power, and IF spectra were measured. The measured LO power required for the balanced 2SB mixer was typically ~ 14 dB less than that of the single-ended mixers.     

A 400–500 GHz Balanced SIS Mixer with a Waveguide Quadrature Hybrid Coupler

We have developed a 400–500 GHz low-noise balanced SIS (Superconductor Insulator Superconductor) mixer, which is based on a waveguide RF quadrature hybrid coupler. The RF quadrature hybrid was designed and fabricated as a broadband hybrid with good performance at 4 K. The fabricated RF quadrature hybrid was measured at room temperature with a submillimeter vector network analyzer to check amplitude and phase imbalance between two output ports. Then the balanced mixer was assembled with the RF hybrid, two DSB mixers, and a 180° IF hybrid. Several important parameters such as noise temperature, LO power reduction, and IF spectra were measured. The LO power reduction is defined as how much LO power the balanced mixer saves compared with a typical single-ended mixer. The measured noise temperature of the balanced mixer was ~ 55 K at the band center which corresponds to ~ 3 times the quantum noise limit (hf/k) in DSB, and ~ 120 K at the band edges. The noise performance over LO frequency was almost the same as that of the worse DSB mixer used in the balanced mixer. In addition the LO power required for the balanced mixer is ~ 11 dB less than that of the single-ended mixers.     

外差探测系统的相位匹配研究

从外差探测系统设计的基本要求出发.分析本振光与信号光的相位匹配技术.表明当目标回波聚焦像斑与本振光聚焦腰斑不重合时,像斑大小直接影响信号幅度,波长越短,相位匹配越困难.系统发射的探测光束发散角较大时,信噪比较差,且光束扫过点目标可能出现条纹状信号过程.分析所得主要结论得到了实验验证.     

一种测量液体旋光特性的共光路外差干涉技术

为了提高旋光特性检测的灵敏度,设计搭建了一套基于塞曼效应的共光路外差干涉仪应用于旋光液体的旋光特性检测.采用塞曼效应激光器作为光源能发出两束正交线偏光,简化了实验装置的复杂性;且在系统中利用平衡检测与差动放大器,可降低激光器本身与外部环境所造成的大部分噪声,从而提高检测灵敏度.结果表明,对(0～50)mg/dL的低浓度葡萄糖水溶液的旋光特性测量,其检测灵敏度可达2.3×10-5(°).这种结构简单的干涉仪可应用于固态、液体或气态旋光物质的旋光特性分析中.     

相干激光雷达平衡式相干探测技术研究

为了分析影响平衡式相干探测信噪比的因素,采用数学模型推导了平衡式相干探测原理和信噪比公式,分析了影响平衡式相干探测信噪比的因素,研制了用于相干激光雷达信号接收的平衡式激光探测器,并通过相干雷达样机,完成了气溶胶粒子发生米氏散射回波信号的探测。结果表明,研制的平衡式激光探测器具有非常低的噪声和高探测灵敏度特性,能较好地探测出大气中气溶胶粒子发生米氏散射的激光回波信号。