Spotlight SAR sparse sampling and imaging method based on compressive sensing

Spotlight synthetic aperture radar(SAR)emits a chirp signal and the echo bandwidth can be reduced through dechirp processing,where the A/D sampling rate decreases accordingly at the receiver.Compressive sensing allows the compressible signal to be reconstructed with a high probability using only a few samples by solving a linear program problem.This paper presents a novel signal sampling and imaging method for application to spotlight SAR based on compressive sensing.The signal is randomly sampled after dechirp processing to form a low-dimensional sample set,and the dechirp basis is imported to reconstruct the dechirp signal.Matching pursuit(MP)is used as a reconstruction algorithm.The reconstructed signal uses polar format algorithm(PFA)for imaging.Although our novel mechanism increases the system complexity to an extent,the data storage requirements can be compressed considerably.Several simulations verify the feasibility and accuracy of spotlight SAR signal processing via compressive sensing,and the method still obtains acceptable imaging results with 10%of the original echo data.     

Waveform design and high-resolution imaging of cognitive radar based on compressive sensing

We introduce the compressive sensing(CS) theory for waveform design of cognitive radar,and then propose an algorithm for the high-resolution radar signal waveform and its corresponding imaging method based on the sparse orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-linear frequency modulation(OFDM-LFM) signal.We first present the principle of spectrum synthesis and high-resolution imaging based on OFDM-LFM signals.Then,we propose the spectrum-sparse waveform design criterion and the reconstruction algorithm for a highresolution range profile(HRRP) based on CS.Based on this,we analyze in detail the relationship between the scattering characteristics of the target and the parameters of the designed signal,and we construct the feedback of the target characteristics on the waveforms.Therefore,the "cognitive" function of radar can be achieved by adaptively adjusting the waveform with the target characteristics.Simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Compressive sensing SAR range compression with chirp scaling principle

Compressive sensing(CS) techniques offer a framework for the detection and allocation of sparse signal with a reduced number of measurements.This paper proposes a novel SAR range compression,namely compressive sensing with chirp scaling(CS-CS),achieving the same range resolution as conventional SAR approach,while using fewer range samplings.In order to realize accurate range cell migration correction(RCMC),chirp scaling principle is used to construct reference matrix for compressive sensing recovery.Additionally,error diagrams are designed for measurement of the performance of CS-CS,and some experiments of using real data are performed to deal with the errors caused by three conditions:SNR,sparsity and sampling.     

Compressed sensing SAR imaging based on sparse representation in fractional Fourier domain

Compressed sensing(CS)is a new technique of utilizing a priori knowledge on sparsity of data in a certain domain for minimizing necessary number of measurements.Based on this idea,this paper proposes a novel synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imaging approach by exploiting sparseness of echo data in the fractional Fourier domain.The effectiveness and robustness of the approach are assessed by some numerical experiments under various noisy conditions and different measurement matrices.Experimental results have shown that,the obtained images by using the CS technique depend on measurement matrix and have higher output signal to noise ratio than traditional pulse compression technique.Finally simulated and real data are also processed and the achieved results show that the proposed approach is capable of reconstructing the image of targets and effectively suppressing noise.     

Suppressing azimuth ambiguity in spaceborne SAR images based on compressed sensing

In spaceborne synthetic aperture radar,undersampling at the rate of the pulse repetition frequency causes azimuth ambiguity,which induces ghost into the images.This paper introduces compressed sensing for azimuth ambiguity suppression and presents two novel methods from the perspectives of system design and image formation,known as azimuth random sampling and ambiguity separation,respectively.The first method makes the imaging results for the ambiguity zones as disperse as possible while ensuring that the imaging results for the main scene are affected as little as possible.The second method separates the ambiguity signals from the echoes and achieves imaging results without the ambiguity effect.Simulation results show that the two methods can reduce the ambiguity levels by about 16 dB and 99.37%,respectively.     

基于自适应分组与压缩感知的分布式视频编码方法

针对快速场景变换环境中基于压缩感知的分布式视频编码所存在的问题,提出了一种基于自适应动态分组与压缩感知的分布式视频编码方法。对采集的视频帧在基本分组的基础上插入一个自适应分组分离器,通过设定门限阈值实现能够根据视频场景变换的动态调整分组。实验表明,与基本分组方法重构效果相比,采用自适应动态分组方法的重构效果有了较大改进,其峰值信噪比也有大大改善和提高,有效地解决了视频帧中场景变化较快造成的关键信息边缘纹理损失的问题。     

A novel spaceborne SAR wide-swath imaging approach based on Poisson disk-like nonuniform sampling and compressive sensing

Since the range swath width in the conventional single channel spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is restricted by the system parameters,there is a trade-off between the azimuth resolution and the swath width in order to satisfy the Nyquist sampling criterion.In this paper,we propose a novel spaceborne SAR wide-swath imaging scheme based on compressive sensing(CS)for the sparse scene.The proposed method designs a Poisson disk-like nonuniform sampling pattern in the azimuth direction,which meets the demand of wider swath by restricting the smallest time interval between any two azimuth samples,with the conventional sampling pattern preserved in the range direction.By a similar way to the processing procedure of spectral analysis(SPECAN)algorithm,the linear range migration correction(RMC)is realized while carrying out range compression,which can meet the demand for focusing with middle level resolution.To reduce the computation load of CS reconstruction,we propose a novel fast reconstruction algorithm based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT),which greatly reduces the computation complexity from O(2M N)to O(4N log N).Experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods via the point target simulation and the Radarsat-1 raw data processing in F2 mode.     

Sparse SAR imaging based on L1/2 regularization

In this paper,a novel method for synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imaging is proposed.The approach is based on L1/2 regularization to reconstruct the scattering field,which optimizes a quadratic error term of the SAR observation process subject to the interested scene sparsity.Compared to the conventional SAR imaging technique,the new method implements SAR imaging effectively at much lower sampling rate than the Nyquist rate,and produces high-quality images with reduced sidelobes and increased resolution.Also,over the prevalent greedy pursuit and L1 regularization based SAR imaging methods,there are remarkable performance improvements of the new method.On one hand,the new method significantly reduces the number of measurements needed for reconstruction,as supported by a phase transition diagram study.On the other hand,the new method is more robust to the observation noise.These fundamental properties of the new method are supported and demonstrated both by simulations and real SAR data experiments.     

基于压缩传感的手写字符识别方法

基于新出现的压缩传感理论,提出了一种鲁棒的手写字符识别方法,能很好地对含有噪声的字符进行识别.该方法通过对测试字符进行稀疏表示,采用l1范数最小化算法求得最稀疏的系数解,所获得的系数具有明显的类别信息,从而易于对测试字符进行分类.实验结果表明,该方法具有很好的噪声鲁棒性.     

一种基于压缩感知的邻域优化算法

非线性降维方法是目前对降维研究有着重要影响的方法,但在降维过程中经常会遇到局部邻域信息量不足、短路和噪声干扰等问题,严重影响降维效果,很难广泛应用于真实数据的处理中.对以上问题分析发现,其主要原因在于经典降维算法都是采用全局固定的邻域大小.提出了一种基于压缩感知的邻域优化算法,运用压缩感知技术对高维空间目标点近邻进行压缩采样,构建“收—放”模型,自适应得到最优子空间,同时优化邻域组成元素,使得数据的整体降维效果更加稳定.通过手工流形和真实数据集的实验,验证了算法的有效性和稳定性.     

Sparse microwave imaging:Principles and applications

This paper provides principles and applications of the sparse microwave imaging theory and technology.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is an important method of modern remote sensing.During decades microwave imaging technology has achieved remarkable progress in the system performance of microwave imaging technology,and at the same time encountered increasing complexity in system implementation.The sparse microwave imaging introduces the sparse signal processing theory to radar imaging to obtain new theory,new system and new methodology of microwave imaging.Based on classical SAR imaging model and fundamental theories of sparse signal processing,we can derive the model of sparse microwave imaging,which is a sparse measurement and recovery problem and can be solved with various algorithms.There exist several fundamental points that must be considered in the efforts of applying sparse signal processing to radar imaging,including sparse representation,measurement matrix construction,unambiguity reconstruction and performance evaluation.Based on these considerations,the sparse signal processing could be successfully applied to radar imaging,and achieve benefits in several aspects,including improvement of image quality,reduction of data amount for sparse scene and enhancement of system performance.The sparse signal processing has also been applied in several specific radar imaging applications.     

基于改进压缩感知的运动目标跟踪

针对运动目标在被遮挡和目标纹理变化大时会导致跟踪丢失以及跟踪误差大等问题,提出了一种改进的压缩感知（ CS）算法。算法采用设置Sigmoid函数响应阈值,判定是否存在遮挡,以决定是否更新分类器参数,使得目标在遇到较大遮挡时目标模型不会被错误更新;针对特征单一导致跟踪不稳定问题,提出根据设定融合规则进行灰度特征和纹理特征融合的方法,使得两种特征指导跟踪。实验证明：改进后的算法比传统算法跟踪成功率提高了17.84%,平均误差率降低11.59%。     

基于压缩感知的正交频分复用信道估计方法

传统的信道估计方法未充分利用信道的稀疏性.利用信道冲激响应的稀疏特性,提出了将FOCUSS(Focal Underdetermined System Solver)压缩感知算法应用到信道估计中,从均方误差和正确检测率方面分别与传统最小二乘估计和正交匹配追踪压缩感知信道估计相比较.仿真结果表明,本文算法的均方误差较小,正确检测率较高,能够以较少的导频信号获得好的估计性能.