金属板材激光弯曲成形应力应变场的数值模拟

采用有限元对激光弯曲成形过程中应力应变场的过程进行了模拟，分析了弯曲成形过程中钢板上下表面弹塑性变形的变化规律及激光工艺参数对成形的影响。模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。     

单曲率板材激光弯曲成形过程的有限元模拟

利用有限元软件MSC.Marc建立了单曲率板激光弯曲成形过程的热力耦合有限元模型。计算并分析了激光弯曲成形过程中板材内部的温度场、应力场和位移场。此外,还研究了扫描线的长度和单曲率板的初始形状对激光弯曲成形的影响。结果表明:随着扫描线长度的增加,板材的弯曲变形量增大;随着单曲率板曲率的增加,板材的弯曲变形量减小。实验结果验证了模型的可靠性。     

C194铜合金薄板单点脉冲激光弯曲特性数值模拟

为研究薄板脉冲激光弯曲特性,以C194铜合金薄板为研究对象,采用ABAQUS软件对其单点脉冲弯曲成形过程进行有限元数值模拟。结果表明:脉冲激光加热阶段,上下表面存在着明显温度梯度,这是单点脉冲激光弯曲成形过程的主要机制;在应力分布方面,受辐照区域在厚度方向均表现为残余拉应力分布,且存在着一定的梯度分布,单点脉冲激光辐照后,压力分布表现为"中拉外压";在位移场方面,随着温度由高到低,试样出现了由反向弯曲转为正向弯曲的变化,这与材料受热区域的正负应变、压拉应力的转变有关。     

中厚船舶钢板激光弯曲成形几何效应的数值模拟

建立板材激光弯曲的三维非线性准静态弹塑性热力耦合有限元模型。使用有限元软件 MSC Marc对中厚船舶钢板的激光弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟。计算了船舶钢板激光弯曲成形过程的温度场和变形场, 并进行相应的实验验证。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。用建立的模型对中厚船舶钢板的激光弯曲成形过程中钢板的几何效应进行数值模拟, 讨论了一定工艺条件下钢板几何参数与弯曲角度之间的关系, 为在将来实际生产中制定和优化钢板激光弯曲成形的工艺参数提供理论依据。     

网格自适应技术在船用钢板激光弯曲成形过程数值模拟中的应用

利用有限元分析软件MSCMarc,采用不同网格划分方法 ,分别建立板材激光弯曲成形的三维弹塑性热力耦合有限元模型。其中一些模型引入了网格自适应技术。用这些模型计算分析了 6mm船用钢板激光弯曲成形过程的温度场及变形场。结果表明 ,自适应技术有效的缩短了模拟计算的时间 ,在精度变化不大的情况下 ,大大提高分析效率。计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

正方形薄板激光三维成形球冠面的应力场分析

激光成形是利用激光束的能量修整板材曲率的一种新型柔性无模成形加工方法。为了描述激光三维成形中的弹塑性变形过程,以进一步揭示其三维成形的机理,文章采用显式动力学方法分析了交叉线扫描激光三维成形正方形薄板为球冠面的物理过程,揭示了激光扫描过程中正方形薄板的温度场、应力场、应变场的变化情况,虽然激光引起薄板温度变化产生的热应力仍是三维成形的主要因素,但是激光三维成形与激光直线扫描成形不同,激光三维成形扫描过程中在薄板内部形成的应力波是影响激光三维成形的主要因素之一,薄板的应变、变形等均与应力波有关,本文揭示的物理行为为下一步的机理研究打下了良好的基础。     

板材脉冲激光微冲击成形技术及研究现状

激光微冲击成形是利用脉冲激光作用于材料时引起的等离体爆轰波的冲击作用,使超薄板材产生塑性变形的新技术,可以用于微弯曲、微拉深、微胀形等。文章介绍了脉冲激光微冲击成形技术的原理和特点,概括了激光微冲击成形的影响因素和有限元模拟关键技术,从激光诱导冲击波、板材变形机制、冲击后材料力学性能和微观组织变化等方面,综述了激光微冲击成形技术的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

筒形件磁脉冲辅助冲压成形数值模拟

针对磁脉冲辅助冲压成形过程,提出了基于ANSYS平台的有限元分析程式,通过编制用户子程序,采用重启动分析法,建立了冲压预成形过程显式求解和瞬态磁脉冲成形"松散"耦合分析之间的动态连接,并用于5052-O铝合金圆筒形拉深件磁脉冲辅助冲压成形过程的有限元仿真研究。结果表明,所建立的有限元分析方案,能实现圆筒形件磁脉冲辅助冲压成形连续变形过程的模拟,板坯变形信息体现了准静态冲压变形和高速率磁脉冲成形之间的耦合。有限元模拟结果与实验吻合较好。     

电火花加工热应力诱导微弯曲方法研究

针对电火花加工热应力诱导微弯曲方法进行研究,采用热-结构顺序耦合方法分别对单脉冲及连续随机放电过程进行电火花热弯曲变形的有限元建模分析,说明放电受热区域不均匀的温度梯度是弯曲成形的成因;通过铜合金薄板的放电弯曲实验研究指出电火花热应力诱导弯曲变形具有较高的精度和可重复性,并研究了弯曲变形角度随着放电时间变化的规律.     

GH5188密排孔薄板滚弯成形孔变形特征分析

在解决了高温合金GH5188密排孔薄板三辊非对称滚弯成形有限元建模中的材料模型、几何模型、网格划分等关键技术问题后,建立了密排孔薄板三辊非对称滚弯三维有限元模型,并实验验证了该有限元模型的可靠性。基于获得的仿真结果和理论分析,提出了密排孔薄板滚弯成形孔变形的定量表征方法,分析了密排孔薄板三辊非对称滚弯成形过程中孔的变形规律。结果表明:孔变形后,外表面孔的扩张量略大于内表面孔的压缩量,在滚弯过程中孔的变形量有轻微波动,略有增大;沿成形件同一轴向上的孔的变形量差值极小;沿成形件同一周向上的孔的变形量是波动变化的,但差值很小。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRAIGHT-LINE LASER FORMING UNDER THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT MECHANISM

Laser forraing is a new flexible and dieless forming technique. To achieve the high accuracy forming, the temperature gradient mechanism （TGM） is studied. In the analysis of TGM, the plate bends about x-axis and about y-axis as well. To understand the deformation trend, the numerical simulation of deformation of plate is conducted by choosing different laser powers, laser spot diameters, scanning speeds, lengths, widths and thicknesses. From the results of simulation, it can be seen that the laser spot diameter, the scanning speed, laser power and thickness of plate play dominant roles in the laser forming process. However, the bending angles αx and αy show different trends with the variation of parameters. In addition, in comparison with above four parameters, the effect of length and width of plate on the beading angle may be neglected, but their effects are significant for the bending radius R.     

Thin-sheet-metal bending by laser peen forming with femtosecond laser

A femtosecond laser is a type of ultrashort-pulse laser. Femtosecond laser irradiation induces high-pressure plasma and shock waves at the surface of a target. Under some irradiation conditions, such shock waves are enough to deform the target plastically. Laser peen forming is a type of sheet metal forming using this deformation by shock waves. The author adopted laser peen forming using femtosecond laser for thin-sheet-metal bending. Generally, shock waves induced in air are much smaller than those induced in water, and thus; are unfavorable for plastic deformation. However, the shock waves induced by a femtosecond laser were enough to bend a thin sheet metal even in air. Elastic pre-bending was adopted during the process. Bending angle was increased by applying pre-bending. The effects of laser irradiation conditions on bending efficiency were investigated. The large spot diameter and high fluence improved bending efficiency.     

Simulation and prediction in laser bending of silicon sheet

The laser bending of single-crystal silicon sheet (0.2 mm in thickness) was investigated with JK701 Nd:YAG laser. The models were developed to describe the beam characteristics of pulsed laser. In order to simulate the process of laser bending, the FEM software ANSYS was used to predict the heat temperature and stress-strain fields. The periodic transformation of temperature field and stress-strain distribution was analyzed during pulsed laser scanning silicon sheet. The results indicate that the mechanism of pulsed laser bending silicon is a hybrid mechanism in silicon bending, rather than a simple mechanism of TGM or BM. This work also gets silicon sheet bent after scanning 6 times with pulsed laser, and its bending angle is up to 6.5°. The simulation and prediction results reach well agreement with the verifying experiments.     

Thermal–mechanical analysis on the transient deformation during pulsed laser forming

The transient deformation of thin grade 304 stainless steel metal sheets heated by a single pulse of a CO₂ laser beam is simulated in this paper. The laser beam is assumed to be Gaussian mode and the coupled thermo-elastoplastic problem is treated as three-dimensional. The temperature field, deformation pattern, stress–strain states, and the residual stress distribution of the specimens have been calculated numerically and the transient response of the bending angle has been validated by experiments. Good agreement has been obtained between the numerical simulation and the experiments under various operating conditions. The numerical study reveals that a high temperature gradient exists for a positive bending angle and a low one for a negative angle. It transpires that the mechanisms of pulsed laser forming are dependent mainly upon the laser power, the heating time, the clamping arrangement, as well as the geometry, the thermal properties, and the original stress states of the specimen.     

激光成形工艺方法及其发展前景

介绍了激光成形的工艺特点和四种不同的工艺方法：板材正向弯曲,板材反向弯曲,型材弯曲、空间变形。分别阐述了这四种工艺的成形机理和可能的应用领域,以及激光成形的发展前景。     

Numerical investigation on the laser bending of stainless steel foil with pre-stresses

In this paper, a new laser bending process of stainless steel foils with applied pre-stresses is presented. Three different loading models are analyzed. The desired pre-stress distribution in the heated zone of the stainless steel foil is obtained. Using the thermal elastic–plastic finite element method (FEM), the 3D thermal–mechanical FEM models of laser bending process with various pre-stresses are developed and the forming mechanism is analyzed. The simulation results show that under buckling mechanism, the deformation of the stainless steel foil depends on the integration of the thermal stress and the pre-stress when the laser beam irradiates the foil. The forming performance can be improved significantly under pre-stress, and the deformation direction can also be controlled easily by changing the direction and value of the pre-loading. The bending angles of the stainless foils increase remarkably with the increase of the pre-loading, and both are almost in linear relationship.     

脉冲激光再制造船用5083铝合金防护板试验研究

针对远洋舰船铝合金防护板受风浪、潮汐以及随机性爆炸冲击波影响,易萌生裂纹或产生断裂的工程实际,通过控制有限单元"生死"状态,动态模拟了防护板脉冲激光再制造温度场变化历程,获取了再制造过程温度变化规律,并对脉冲激光再制造工艺进行了优化。分析和试验结果表明:脉冲模式优化工艺参数为激光功率3 kW,光斑直径3 mm,扫描速度6mm/s,脉冲激光脉宽10 ms,占空比1:1。成形后防护板热影响区变形量控制在0.02 mm以内,硬度(HV0.1)最大值出现在热影响区,约为950 MPa。焊缝区与母材呈致密的冶金结合,主要为致密的细晶组织,抗拉强度达到222 MPa。     

Simulation and prediction in laser bending of silicon sheet

The laser bending of single-crystal silicon sheet (0.2 mm in thickness) was investigated with JK701 Nd:YAG laser. The models were developed to describe the beam characteristics of pulsed laser. In order to simulate the process of laser bending, the FEM software ANSYS was used to predict the heat temperature and stress-strain fields. The periodic transformation of temperature field and stress-strain distribution was analyzed during pulsed laser scanning silicon sheet. The results indicate that the mechanism of pulsed laser bending silicon is a hybrid mechanism in silicon bending, rather than a simple mechanism of TGM or BM. This work also gets silicon sheet bent after scanning 6 times with pulsed laser, and its bending angle is up to 6.5o. The simulation and prediction results reach well agreement with the verifying experiments.     

激光弯曲工艺中板材厚度的影响规律

用大变形弹塑性有限元法对金属板材柔性成形新工艺———激光弯曲进行了动态数值模拟。从热学及热力学的观点出发,阐明了该工艺的变形机理,建立了弯曲过程中的应力模型;论证了板料厚度对温度梯度和弯曲角度的影响,提出了能够实现激光弯曲工艺的最小相对光束半径的新概念,为该工艺进一步深入研究奠定了基础。模拟结果与试验吻合较好。