The characterisation of polyolefins using a curie-point pyrolyser and gas chromatography

The products of controlled thermal degradation of polyolefins have been examined by gas chromatography. The factors determining the formation of decomposition products in the Curie-point pyrolyser have been studied and a highly reproducible distribution of products has been obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 595 °C. The probable degradation mechanisms are discussed and a diagnostic scheme has been derived for determining from the degradation products the nature of the branches and thus identifying the comonomer in an ethylene copolymer.     

清洁剂市场的升级

表面活性剂市场的主流发展趋势是开发环境友好型产品。人们对于环保型产品的需求比任何时候都要迫切,供货商们也在源源不断地开发新产品来满足市场需求。介绍了“绿色”产品的定义及其市场的发展状况。同时介绍了一些已经投入使用的新型环保型表面活性剂。     

An investigation of acrylic processing aids for low molecular weight PVC

Acrylic processing aids have long been used in rigid PVC to increase fusion, decrease jetting and blushing down in blow molding, decrease parison draw down in blow molding, improve the rolling bank in calendering, improve thermoforming, and improve cell structure in foam extrusion. It has generally been thought that the specific viscosity (Nsp/c) of process aids were limited to a fairly limited narrow range. Recently, significantly higher molecular weight process aids have been developed and commercialized. Very little work though has been done with low molecular weight process aids as these products were assumed to be ineffective when compared to the commonly used products. This paper will investigate currently available products and some experimental products well above and below the Nsp/c of currently available products. The major area of investigation will be in very low to low molecular weight PVC resins and will deal with the applicability of these products in injection molding.     

橡胶制品表面涂层的研究进展

橡胶制品经表面涂层改性后，具有了许多新的优良特性，制品抵御外界不良因素侵害的性能也得到了一定程度的提高，改性后的橡胶制品其应用领域也得到了进一步的拓宽。目前国内外在橡胶制品表面涂层改性的研究领域已经取得了一定的成果，尤其在抗老化、抗菌、抗磨损等领域最为突出，部分产品已经实现了工业化生产。笔者介绍了国内外橡胶制品表面涂层改性的研究进展，提出了我国应加强橡胶制品表面涂层这方面的研究，并对橡胶制品表面涂层的发展前景做了展望。     

Processing and product characteristics for textured soy flours,concentrates and isolates

During the last 25 years, the development of processes to provide textural properties in soy proteins has greatly increased the market potential for soy protein products. Many different processes based on soy flour, concentrates and isolates have been developed. They have ranged from products to be used in extension of meats to meat analogs themselves. The real success of new processes is measured by their success in the commercial marketplace. The most successful products have been based on thermoplastic extrusion of soy flour. More recently, second generation products made by the thermoplastic extrusion of soy protein concentrates have been introduced. These products have less flavor, wider variety of functional characteristics and greatly reduced flatulence characteristics compared to textured soy flour products. This paper describes processes used to texturize soy proteins and characteristics of the various products. Product characteristics, functionally and economics are key factors in deciding which product to use in end-product formulations. The wide variety of textured soy proteins available provides a product for each individual need.     

植物天然产物的微生物合成与转化

植物天然产物是一类结构复杂、性能多样的次级代谢产物,广泛应用于食品、药品、化妆品等多个领域。目前植物天然产物的主要来源依赖于从植物中提取,这种生产方式周期长且占用大量耕地。微生物细胞因其生长周期短、操作简便、环境友好、大规模发酵可控等优势而被广泛研究用以替代传统的植物提取法。目前利用微生物细胞工厂合成和转化植物天然产物已成为研究的热点,实现了萜类、黄酮、生物碱、皂苷等多种植物天然产物的合成和转化。本文分别从从头合成和生物转化的角度综述了微生物细胞工厂在植物天然产物合成中的应用,为更加系统、深入地研究植物天然产物的微生物合成与转化提供参考。     

Decomposition products of PVC for studies of fires

Approximately seventy-five organic materials have been detected by gas chromatography in the thermal decomposition products of PVC and are shown by mass spectrometry and retention studies to consist mainly of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Weight-loss experiments and time-resolved chromatography indicate that these products are formed mainly during dehydrochlorination. The products are modified by the presence of oxygen but no oxygenated organic species have been detected. Experiments to specifically monitor the production of phosgene from the decomposition of both a rigid PVC sheet and a PVC polymer in air are recorded. Phosgene has not been detected and direct seeding techniques have been used to investigate the detection limits of this material. PVC is known to release the toxic gases, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride, when involved in fires. It is shown that the minor products, including phosgene, make little or no contribution to the overall toxicity of the decomposition products.     

Mass Spectrometry of Irradiated Linolenic Acid

Identification of the products of irradiated micelles of linolenic acid methyl ester (5×10^?2mol · dm^?3) in the presence of O₂ has been studied using GC, chemical-ionization (CI/MS) and electron-ionization (EI/MS) mass spectrometry. CI/MS showed better results than EI/MS, where 17 products have been identified by the former method. However four products only have been recognized using latter method, this due to the disappearing of the molecular ion of the relatively high molecular weight products. The products include hydrocarbons, fatty acids, hydroxy compounds, hydroperoxides and epoxides.     

炭黑-石墨导电涂料导电性能之影响因素的试验研究

为提高炭黑—石墨导电涂料的导电性能，对各种影内因素进行了考察，在最佳条件下得到的最终产品的主要技术指标已达到了日本、美国同类产品指标，可作为进口产品的替代品。     

Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of glycidyl methacrylate—alkyl acrylate copolymers

Thermal degradation pattern of copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with alkyl acrylates have been studied by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Various degradation products have been identified and based on the products obtained, the mechanisms of polymer degradation have been elucidated.     

A TBP/BTBP-Based GANEX Separation Process – Part 3: Fission Product Handling

A Group ActiNide EXtraction (GANEX) separation system for transmutation has been developed, combining CyMe₄-BTBP with TBP and cyclohexanone. This new GANEX solvent has proven efficient in actinide extraction but also been found to extract some undesired fission products and corrosion products. Three major fission products were primarily selected for the study: Mo, Zr, and Pd. There are three main strategies for handling the extraction problem, all of which have been investigated and discussed; these are Pre-extraction, Suppression, and Scrubbing. The only strategy that was found to control the behavior of all three main fission products was suppression by the combination of two water-soluble complexing agents bimet and mannitol.     

A review of products evolved from heated coal,wood and PVC

A review is presented of the gaseous combustion and pyrolysis products evolved from coal, wood and PVC. Information has been collated on the range of products evolved, the temperatures of evolution and the effect of different ambient conditions (e.g. oxidizing of inert conditions). The data for coal have been subdivided into those from which rates of gas evolution have been or can be derived and those from which this is not possible. Probable decomposition routes for PVC and for wood are discussed. Although all three materials have been widely studied, the correlation between the work of different authors in not always good. The data obtained are dependent on the form of the experiment, and there are gaps in the information available, especially information on the rates of evolution of products of products as a function of temperature.     

液体聚丁二烯的环氧化

分析了影响环氧化聚丁二烯合成条件的诸多因素、原料以及产物的结构，为该产物的实际应用创造条件。     

氯产品的生产、市场与发展建议

对氯产品需求的增长拉动了氯碱产能增长,氯产品的健康、稳定发展成为氯碱工业可持续发展的关键。近年来国内氯产品的产能快速增长,但是生产工艺整体水平不高,部分产品的产能趋于过剩,与上下游衔接不紧密,抵御市场风险的能力较弱,整个行业大而不强。针对目前国内外经济形势、氯产品生产现状和存在的问题,提出了我国发展氯产品的主导思路;并针对聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯糊树脂、甲烷氯化物、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、异氰酸酯、氯代芳烃、氯化高聚物、氯乙酸、氯代异氰尿酸、氯化法钛白粉这些主要的氯产品,提出了未来生产与发展中应该关注和须解决的问题。     

天然产物抗植物病毒剂国内外研究进展

综述了国内外天然产物抗植物病毒剂的研究进展，包括天然产物来源，分类，制备，化学，性质，生物活性和防治效果。     

Textural contribution of vegetable protein products

Many textural characteristics of food products may be affected by soy protein products. Texture may produce, may limit, may restrict certain of the functional properties of soybean products which have been discussed at this meeting. This paper describes some of the types of textures which soybean products contribute to food products, some of the methodology employed in producing the more common textures, and the rationale for the production of varying textures.     

Bacteria of Lactobacillus casei group: characterization, viability as probiotic in food products and their importance for human health

Lactobacillus casei is a group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous lactic acid bacteria, able to colonize various natural and man-made environments. Strains of the Lactobacillus casei group have been widely studied with respect to their health-promoting properties. Several beneficial functions for the human organism have been attributed to regular consumption of food products containing these strains. Bacteria of the Lactobacillus casei group are of great interest for the food industry to improve food quality. A number of studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the viability of strains of Lactobacillus casei group as probiotic in dairy products, desserts, among others food products. Despite its importance for the food industry, the taxonomy of the Lactobacillus casei group is still unclear. This review discusses important studies related to characterization of strains of Lactobacillus casei group, the application of these bacteria as probiotic in different food products and the main beneficial effects attributed to regular consumption of products containing such microorganisms.     

Commercially available alternatives to palm oil

Since several years there has been a demand for food products free of palm oil, noticeable in the Western European market. Alternatives based on liquid oils, fully hydrogenated fats, and exotic fats like shea and sal etc., have been developed by the research groups of several specialty oils and fats suppliers. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of those products and compares them to similar products based on palm oil. It is also discussed how reasonable the replacement of palm products would be, since sustainable and 3‐MCPD/glycidolester‐reduced palm based specialty oils are also available on the market.     

氯产品的生产、市场与发展建议

氯产品需求的增长拉动了氯碱生产能力的增长,氯产品的健康、稳定发展成为氯碱工业可持续发展的关键。近年来国内氯产品的产能快速增长,但是生产工艺整体水平不高,部分产品的产能趋于过剩,与上下游衔接不紧密,抵御市场风险的能力较弱,整个行业大而不强。针对目前国内外经济形势、氯产品生产现状和存在的问题,提出了我国发展氯产品的主导思路;并针对聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯糊树脂、甲烷氯化物、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、异氰酸酯、氯代芳烃、氯化高聚物、氯乙酸、氯代异氰尿酸、氯化法钛白粉这些主要的氯产品,提出了未来生产与发展中应该关注和须解决的问题。     

铝炭制品防氧化涂料的作用机理

采用热分析等研究方法，分析了铝炭制品的氧化过程，研究了以阻断铝炭制品与氧气接触来实现防氧化的硼硅酸盐系涂料的高温特性和防氧化机理，以及不同结合剂对涂料与铝炭制品界面行为的影响。