Local housing policy and residential segregation

The focus of the article is on the relationship between local housing policy and residential segregation. The former is specified as decisions concerning type of tenure and the location of new dwellings, the latter in terms of class and income. Three structurally similar Swedish cities are compared. The results show that, the more market orientated local housing policy and the less “mixed housing” is, the stronger residential segregation. One planning implication seems to be that the development of housing segregation according to class and income, indeed, may be influenced by local planning. If desegregation is given a high priority in a city, housing production should be directed to accomplish this aim.     

Housing and the Migration Turnaround in Ireland

This article examines how changing patterns of migration in Ireland affected housing markets. It identifies a dramatic migration turnaround in the Republic of Ireland as net migration loss was replaced by high levels of net inward migration after 1996. The migration turnaround comprised less outward migration and a strong inflow, including return migrants (first and second generation) and overseas-born non-citizen immigrants. The migration turnaround resulted in greater ethnic diversity and, combined with other economic and demographic changes, boosted already-growing housing demand. Northern Ireland, by way of contrast, had net migration loss during the 1990s and lower growth in housing demand.     

Beyond residential segregation: Introduction

This essay introduces the special issue and explains its rationale. It argues that, while the residential location and neighbourhood remain significant, urban segregation needs to be understood and examined in terms of everyday activities, social networks and mobility within the context of broader social and political-economic processes. This broader focus is needed, among others, because of the emergence and diffusion of uneven urban infrastructures and enhanced – albeit unequal – physical mobilities within and between cities. After briefly reviewing recent work that understands and analyses segregation as dynamic and multi-dimensional, the essay summarises the contributions of the eight papers to the existing literature. These lie primarily in the analysis of how exposure to social difference and to opportunities for upward social mobility – as both indication and antecedent of segregation – is shaped by everyday activities and mobility in a wider context of unevenly networked urbanism.     

浅谈小区规划中的住宅设计

结合当前小区规划中的住宅设计现状 ,从住宅套型、朝向、层数、空间利用等方面介绍了住宅设计的构思 ,指出好的居住环境能使人心情舒畅 ,因此住宅设计要以人为本     

Housing at Clonmel,Ireland

A 63‐house public authority scheme was chosen to monitor the energy performance of three house types: ‘standard’, ‘well insulated’ and ‘passive solar’, all essentially based on a prize‐winning house design in an EEC competition. However, inadequate space heating — since replaced —vitiated many of the expected energy savings, and in the passive solar design heat losses from the uninsulated south‐facing conservatory largely offset the solar gains. Experience also showed that some form of curtaining should be assumed when considering direct solar gain through windows. The author is a Senior Research Officer at An Foras Forbartha.     

浅谈住宅小区供热规划

介绍了住宅小区中供热规划的要点 ,从锅炉房、室外管网、用户室内采暖系统等方面进行了论述 ,指出小区在开发初期就应做好供热规划工作 ,为将来的综合运行管理打下良好的基础     

Combating residential segregation of ethnic minorities in European cities

This introduction paper to the special issue on combating residential segregation provides an overview of desegregation policies in European countries. Housing diversification is the main desegregation measure in most countries, while housing allocation measures are also implemented in several European cities to disperse ethnic minorities. A comparison of the five countries covered in this special issue (UK, Finland, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands) reveals that each of them is characterised by a huge gap between an ambitious anti-segregation policy rhetoric and the limited effectiveness of desegregation policies. Housing policies have a limited effect on ethnic concentration, not only because they often contradict each other, but also because they fail to address the main causes of segregation.     

Planning for Anywhere: Housing Policy in Northern Ireland

The establishment of the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) in 1971 was a response to a complex crises in which the existence of the state, the objectivity of policy and housing allocation and supply decisions were questioned. By adopting highly technocratic values, systems and policies the NIHE successfully depoliticised housing in a short and highly productive period. However, the organisation's most recent strategic policy statements ignore the local ethnic context within which housing need is analysed and determined. This paper offers some explanations for this and highlights the need for a more positive and open engagement of the reality of ethnic cleavages and how they shape the local housing scene.     

浅谈住宅小区的给排水设计

根据工程实际的设计经验与体会 ,结合国家规范要求 ,从给水支管的布置与敷设及排水管道的敷设两方面对住宅建筑给排水系统设计的特点展开了探讨 ,以寻求最佳的给排水设计方案来满足住宅设计发展的新要求     

Devolving Housing Policy and Practice in Northern Ireland 1998-2002

This paper reviews the effect of devolution on housing policy and practice in Northern Ireland. It outlines the history and context of devolution and housing policy in Northern Ireland, including the legacy and persistence of intense social conflict. Current devolution arrangements are reviewed, including the implications of enforced coalition for policy governance. The paper focuses on three dimensions of housing and housing-related policy development and implementation: social housing, especially the distinctive history and changing organisation of social housing provision; policies affecting the housing market, including the changing regime for spatial planning; and, regeneration and tenant participation. The paper argues that housing policy has tended to converge with policies in England, rather than moving towards a distinctively local agenda. Local political agendas remain dominated by disagreements over constitutional status thus policy formulation is determined more by officials than by elected politicians.     

住宅的给水设计

结合住宅设计有关规范,通过对住宅给水系统供水方式的比较,介绍了工程中生活水箱、生活贮水池及住宅供水压力等有关参数,详述了各种给水系统适用场所和特点。     

住宅给水排水设计应注意的几个问题

结合工程实践对住宅给水排水设计中排水系统水封的设置、地漏的设置、坐便器排出口的定位、噪声的控制、雨水管的设置等问题进行探讨,并提出合理化建议,供同行参考。     

谈住宅建筑给水排水节能设计

从节能环保角度入手,探析了住宅建筑给排水节能设计的主要措施,分别从用水器具选用、管网布置、可再生能源利用、管材选择等方面引起重视,以期在满足使用功能的同时实现节能环保的目标。     

区域消防给水设计

为了在满足现有建筑消防规范的要求下,更大地发挥消防设施的功能,介绍了区域消防给水系统的概念及规范依据,着重对区域消防给水系统设计中应考虑的问题进行了阐述,并对其经济效益做了分析,以满足消防给水的要求。     

Multi-criteria evaluation of residential energy supply systems

In this paper, we consider the selection of a residential energy supply system as a multi-criteria decision-making problem, which involves both financial and environmental issues. Specifically, we compare micro-CHP (micro-cogeneration) heating with traditional heating systems through an evaluation that accounts for: (i) the decision-makers’ subjective preferences, (ii) uncertainties in the performance of micro-CHP heating systems (which are partly caused by the lack of long-term operational experiences) and (iii) the context-dependency of life-cycle costs and environmental burdens of heating systems. Motivated by these considerations, we employ the PAIRS multi-criteria decision-making methodology that captures incomplete information by way of interval-valued parameters and provides support for sensitivity analyses, too. Our comparative analysis of alternative heating systems suggests that micro-CHP is a reasonable alternative to traditional systems, particularly from the environmental point of view.     

小区供水管网信息系统

介绍了小区供水管网信息系统的产生背景和应用,详细地阐述了小区供水管网信息系统所包含的各个系统,最后总结了建立有特色的小区给水管网信息系统的意义,以推广小区供水管网信息系统的应用。     

Bringing proximate neighbours into the study of US residential segregation

The race and ethnicity of neighbours are thought to be critical in shaping household mobility underlying residential segregation. However, studies on this topic have used data at the census-tract level of analysis rather than at the proximate-neighbour level. Using a non-publicly available version of the neighbour-cluster sample within the American Housing Survey, this study incorporates data on the race, ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics of the proximate neighbours of White, Black and Latino households and examines their impact on household residential satisfaction, out- and in-mobility. Results indicate that proximate-neighbour race and ethnicity matter in influencing endpoints of the mobility process and do not necessarily parallel those at the census-tract level. Implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to the study of residential segregation.