超声缺陷回波信号的小波包降噪及特征提取

根据非稳态超声检测信号的特点，将小波包变换用于缺陷信号的降噪及特征提取问题的研究，并利用类别可分性判据和RBF神经网络分别对特征值提取结果进行评价。引入了平均阈值的概念，在此基础上研究了小波包降噪效果。提出了以选取小波包分解频带的能量作为缺陷信号特征值的方法。实际焊接缺陷的实验结果表明，小波包降噪效果明显；在特征数据得以压缩的同时，分类的可分性较高。     

钢轨中导波传播模式的半解析有限元分析与试验测量

导波传播模式分析是钢轨长距离导波检测和振动噪声控制的基础。钢轨中的导波传播模式可以通过波数频率关系和对应的结构形变来有效识别。应用半解析有限元法(Semi-analytical finite element method,SAFE),基于虚功原理构建导波在任意截面弹性波导中传播的控制方程,求解弹性波导中导波传播的频散曲线和结构形变。应用该方法求解0~8 k Hz频率范围自由状态CHN60型钢轨中导波传播的波数频散关系和结构形变,并讨论8个基本传播模式的特点。采用模态力锤及多传感器测量钢轨截面形变的模态分析试验方法得到钢轨横向和垂直振动模态导波的波数-频率系数,数值分析与试验结果相符合。     

Analysis of the sensor placement for optimal temperature distribution reconstruction

The temperature distribution as a function of time and space is reconstructed over a non-homogeneous media having an arbitrary three-dimensional geometry. This is done by applying an inverse problem to the collected data from optimally placed sensors on the boundary surface of the object under study. Sensor positioning and the choice of the number of sensors are optimized in terms of the resolution of the reconstructed temperature field and the error propagation of the method in case of uncertain measurements. The method can be performed in real time since the major computation burden is performed off-line.     

Estimates for the elastic moduli of random orthorhombic polycrystals

Our variational bounds are suggested to provide estimates on the possible scatter ranges for the macroscopic elastic moduli of random polycrystalline materials. Explicit expressions for the random aggregates of orthorhombic crystals are derived and calculated. The complicated general bounds are well approximated by the simple ones for specific spherical cell polycrystals, which are proposed also to represent practical equi-axed particulate aggregates. Hence the latter could be recommended for practical uses. The results for a number of polycrystals indicate that their macroscopic moduli may be determined with the accuracy from two to four significant digits.     

Semi-analytical approach for free vibration analysis of cracked beams resting on two-parameter elastic foundation with elastically restrained ends

In present study, free vibration of cracked beams resting on two-parameter elastic foundation with elastically restrained ends is considered. Euler-Bernoulli beam hypothesis has been applied and translational and rotational elastic springs in each end considered as support. The crack is modeled as a mass-less rotational spring which divides beam into two segments. After governing the equations of motion, the differential transform method (DTM) has been served to determine dimensionless frequencies and normalized mode shapes. DTM is a semi-analytical approach based on Taylor expansion series that converts differential equations to recursive algebraic equations. The DTM results for the natural frequencies in special cases are in very good agreement with results reported by well-known references. Also, the DTM procedure yields rapid convergence beside high accuracy without any frequency missing. Comprehensive studies to analyze the effects of crack location, crack severity, parameters of elastic foundation and boundary conditions on dimensionless frequencies as well as effects of elastic boundary conditions on cracked beams mode shapes are carried out and some problems handled for first time in this paper. Since this paper deals with general problem, the derived formulation has capability for analyzing free vibration of cracked beam with every boundary condition.     

Hybrid experimental/numerical technique for determination of the complex dynamic moduli of elastic porous materials

Polyurethane (PU) and other plastic foams are widely used as passive acoustic absorbers. For optimal design, it is often necessary to know the viscoelastic properties of these materials in the frequency range relevant to their application. An experimental/numerical technique has been implemented to determine the Young and shear dynamic moduli and loss factor of poroelastic materials under low-frequency 40–520Hz random excitation. The method consists of measuring the dynamic response of the sample at its surface, and matching the response with the predictions from a finite element model in which the two complex elastic moduli are the adjustable parameters. Results are presented for measurements made in air, under standard pressure and temperature conditions, and compared with predictions based on Okuno’s model. The dependence of elastic moduli on the dimension of the sample and its boundary conditions is also studied. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Hong Hee Yoo Professor Yeon June Kang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Design and Production Engineering from Seoul National University in 1988 and 1990, respectively. He then went on to receive a Ph.D. degree in Acoustics and Vibra-tion from School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University in 1994. After his Ph.D., he continued to work as a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University until 1996. Since 1997, Dr. Kang is working at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University. Dr. Kang’s research interests are in the area of acoustical materials, noise and vibration in automotive engineering, and Korean Bells.     

高速动车空心车轴超声波探伤工艺及探伤机的研究

介绍了高速动车空心车轴的结构及其疲劳缺陷的产生机理,并针对该缺陷研究相应的探伤工艺及探伤机,介绍了探伤机的原理和结构及缺陷信号的采集和处理.     

A generalized self-consistent estimate for the effective elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced composite materials with multiple transversely isotropic inclusions

The effective elastic properties of a fiber-reinforced composite material with multiple transversely isotropic inclusions are estimated by the use of a generalized self-consistent method, which considers strong interactions between the inclusion and matrix as well as among inclusions. The accuracy of this method is established by comparing to the closed-form analytic solutions by Christensen when the matrix and inclusion are isotropic. Furthermore, current predictions from the generalized self-consistent method for a composite with multiple inclusions correspond well with the numerical results from finite element analysis. The generalized self-consistent method can be particularly useful in establishing micromechanics models of natural biological composite materials such as cortical bone to examine the dependence of the elastic properties of cortical bone on its porosity.     

某机载雷达天线振动试验夹具设计

为了合理地设计符合振动环境试验要求的夹具 ,根据某机载雷达振动试验条件及有关振动环境试验夹具设计规范 ,对该天线中块振动试验夹具进行了结构动力特性设计。振动试验表明 :夹具的动态特性满足了振动环境试验夹具设计的要求。天线环境振动试验时 ,加速度谱密度值的控制误差明显小于± 3d B,完全符合有关振动环境试验规范的要求。因此 ,该夹具设计是成功的。     

Application of an improved kurtogram method for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings

Kurtogram, due to the superiority of detecting and characterizing transients in a signal, has been proved to be a very powerful and practical tool in machinery fault diagnosis. Kurtogram, based on the short time Fourier transform (STFT) or FIR filters, however, limits the accuracy improvement of kurtogram in extracting transient characteristics from a noisy signal and identifying machinery fault. Therefore, more precise filters need to be developed and incorporated into the kurtogram method to overcome its shortcomings and to further enhance its accuracy in discovering characteristics and detecting faults. The filter based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) can filter out noise and precisely match the fault characteristics of noisy signals. By introducing WPT into kurtogram, this paper proposes an improved kurtogram method adopting WPT as the filter of kurtogram to overcome the shortcomings of the original kurtogram. The vibration signals collected from rolling element bearings are used to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method compared with the original kurtogram. The results verify the effectiveness of the method in extracting fault characteristics and diagnosing faults of rolling element bearings.     

Inverse determination of the loading source of the infinite beam on elastic foundation

The primary aim of the paper is to identify the loading source of infinite beams on an elastic foundation from given information of vertical deflection of infinite beams. An integral equation is obtained for the relationship between loading distribution and vertical deflection. It is shown that the inverse identification of a loading source is one-to-one but ill-posed. Because of ill-posedness, the usual numerical schemes produce arbitrarily large errors. A method for the solution is proposed by using Tikhonov’s regularization. L-curve criterion is introduced for the determination of optimal regularization parameter. Numerical experiments show that the present methodology is accurate and robust in the inverse determination of loading source. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Joo Ho Choi T. S. Jang, the corresponding author of the paper, is by birth a Korean, with Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Ph.D degrees from Seoul National University, who worked at the department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering in Pusan National University from 2003 until now. His main field of research has been the optimization theory, water wave motion and inverse problem with special focus on ocean-related fields     

Consideration of geometric nonlinearity in rigid-plastic finite element formulation of continuum elements for large deformation

A rigid—plastic finite element formulation for the continuum elements employing the geometric nonlinearity during an incremental time step is presented. In sheet metal deformation, the displacement for each step is considerably large even though the effective strain increment is very small. For such large displacement problems, geometric nonlinearity must be considered. In the elastic—plastic finite element using continuum elements, general incremental formulations to include the geometric nonlinearity are available. However, in the conventional rigid—plastic finite element analysis using continuum, elements, the geometric nonlinearity has not been considered properly during an incremental time step. In this paper, in order to incorporate geometric nonlinearity to rigid—plastic continuum elements during a step, the convected coordinate system is introduced. To show the stability of strain distributions by the effect of geometric nonlinearity according to incremental step size, two sheet metal forming processes, stretching and deep drawing process, are analysed with various step sizes. Then the computed results using the derived equation are compared with those obtained without considering geometric nonlinearity.     

Dispersion-based continuous wavelet transform for the analysis of elastic waves

The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) has a frequency-adaptive time-frequency tiling property, which makes it popular for the analysis of dispersive elastic wave signals. However, because the time-frequency tiling of CWT is not signal-dependent, it still has some limitations in the analysis of elastic waves with spectral components that are dispersed rapidly in time. The objective of this paper is to introduce an advanced time-frequency analysis method, called the dispersion-based continuous wavelet transform (D-CWT) whose time-frequency tiling is adaptively varied according to the dispersion relation of the waves to be analyzed. In the D-CWT method, time-frequency tiling can have frequency-adaptive characteristics like CWT and adaptively rotate in the time-frequency plane depending on the local wave dispersion. Therefore, D-CWT provides higher time-frequency localization than the conventional CWT. In this work, D-CWT method is applied to the analysis of dispersive elastic waves measured in waveguide experiments and an efficient procedure to extract information on the dispersion relation hidden in a wave signal is presented. In addition, the ridge property of the present transform is investigated theoretically to show its effectiveness in analyzing highly time-varying signals. Numerical simulations and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the present method.     

锚杆轴力无损检测装置的研究与设计

锚杆加固技术在地下工程、隧道施工及岩石边坡支护中得到非常广泛的应用,但缺乏一种简单、无损地检测锚杆轴力的装置。传统的液压千斤顶拉拔检测手段只能对锚杆的极限承载力进行抽检,并且属于一种破坏性检测手段。设计了一种安装于锚杆螺母与托盘之间的锚杆轴力无损检测装置,并对其进行了有限元仿真分析,确认该方法可行。     

天线座结构的试验模态与理论模态的分析比较

针对某跟踪雷达天线座结构系统的动态特性研究问题,运用脉冲激励模态检测方法,将得到的试验模态与有限元分析的理论模态进行了比较,详述了试验模态和有限元模态分析建模应遵循的原则,对指导天线座工程结构研制具有很好的参考价值。     

基于有限元方法的钢板焊缝缺陷红外无损检测

应用有限元方法于红外无损检测中，利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS，构建不同尺寸、深度的缺陷，施加单面局部热流，计算被测物体表面的温度分布，借助图像处理得到表面温度分布云图，根据热像特征和表面温升，从定性和定量上得到对缺陷更为可信的判定。工作重点在于研究缺陷尺寸、位置与表面温度间的关系，旨在使红外无损检测从定性检测向定量检测接近，为制定焊缝缺陷准确可靠的检测标准提供依据。     

钢轨中超声导波激励响应计算方法研究

为了在钢轨中激励出特定模态的导波信号,需确定导波发射探头在钢轨上的安装位置和激励方向,导波激励响应计算方法可通过仿真和计算来研究激励位置、激励方向与响应结果的关系,替代传统的试验验证方法。计算时通过半解析有限元方法建立钢轨中超声导波传播的一般均质波动方程,求解方程得到波数和振型矢量,建立钢轨的系统函数模型,在钢轨指定位置和方向施加激励信号,结合傅里叶变换与反变换计算得到最终的激励响应结果。已知激励位置和方向,结合计算结果可以研究分析各导波模态的激励方法。在西宝高速铁路现场试验表明,激励响应计算结果与实际测试结果误差为0.4%,具有较好的一致性。     

ANSYS在弹性体点接触分析中的应用

利用ANSYS软件的接触分析功能和参数化设计语言,对两个弹性体间点接触进行有限元分析,通过精确控制网格的局部细化解决了计算的精度与效率之间的矛盾,计算结果较好的吻合了赫兹理论解,为使用ANSYS软件求解此类问题提供依据.     

High-speed test of thermal effects for a machine-tool structure based on modal analysis

A new test method has been developed to evaluate the temperature rise of machine-tool structures. In this method, which uses short period data obtained during a warm-up run, the machine-tool structure is modelled by the finite element method (FEM) and is analysed in terms of the eigenvalues of the thermal equation. Characteristic temperature rise curves for the structure are obtained, which have variable parameters. The values of these depend upon the strength of heat sources. Then, by determining the parameters such that the characteristic temperature rise curves fit those obtained during a warm-up run, it is possible to identify the strength of the heat sources, and thus the values of temperature rise for any point in the structure. Experiments have been carried out which verify the effectiveness of the method.     

An algorithm for improving the coefficient accuracy of wavelet packet analysis

On the basis of analyzing the cause of coefficients distortion inhered in the existing wavelet packet transform algorithms, a new method is presented to rectify the distortion and improve the accuracy. Its principle is to implement compensation calculation by using the complementary characteristic of wavelet filters. The simulation result of a typical signal shows the method is effective in improving the accuracy of wavelet packet coefficients. The influences of the compensation calculation times and vanishing moments of the wavelet are analyzed. Theoretically, the maximum error could be reduced to 25% with one time compensation calculation. The results show that with two and four times compensation calculations, the error is reduced to 10% and 2% respectively. The experiment result of the vibration signal of a roller bearing with outer ring fault shows that the proposed method can effectively magnify the amplitude of the fault frequencies in practice.