基于海藻酸自组装胶体粒子的制备及其乳化性能

用海藻酸(ALG)和溶菌酶(Lys)静电自组装制备胶体粒子,用纳米粒度仪和透射电镜对其尺寸和形貌进行表征,研究了溶菌酶和海藻酸的质量比(WR)对胶体粒子性质的影响,得到了具有最佳WR的胶体粒子。胶体粒子具有球形结构,粒径约为143 nm。这种胶体粒子可二次组装在油水界面稳定水包油型Pickering乳液,研究了pH值和盐浓度对胶体粒子性质和乳化性能的影响。随着pH值的增大胶体粒子和乳液滴粒径均逐渐增大而乳化性能逐渐降低; 随着盐浓度的提高胶体粒子和乳液滴的粒径先减小后增大,乳化性能先提高后降低。乳液均保留了一定的活性。     

胶状乳化炸药油溶性破乳研究

通过分析胶状乳化炸药接触机油后产生油水分离的原因,探讨胶状乳化炸药油溶性破乳机理。结合破乳案例进行原因分析,运用相似相溶原理、湿润增溶机理、模拟实验与化学分析相结合的方法,对油溶性破乳进行了研究。研究发现,油溶性破乳实际是一种溶解现象,油包水型乳化炸药基质的胶体具有亲油性,机油与胶体充分接触形成润湿现象,接触部位的界面膜遭到了破坏,相邻的内相粒子聚集形成大液滴并析晶,胶体的水、油相破乳分离,放出热量加速破乳进程,贮存环境条件不良时破乳析晶扩散。结果表明,油溶性破乳本质是相似相溶,防止乳化炸药油溶性破乳的有效方法是切断破乳路径。     

胶状乳化炸药油溶性破乳研究

通过分析胶状乳化炸药接触机油后产生油水分离的原因,探讨胶状乳化炸药油溶性破乳机理。结合破乳案例进行原因分析,运用相似相溶原理、湿润增溶机理、模拟实验与化学分析相结合的方法,对油溶性破乳进行了研究。研究发现,油溶性破乳实际是一种溶解现象,油包水型乳化炸药基质的胶体具有亲油性,机油与胶体充分接触形成润湿现象,接触部位的界面膜遭到了破坏,相邻的内相粒子聚集形成大液滴并析晶,胶体的水、油相破乳分离,放出热量加速破乳进程,贮存环境条件不良时破乳析晶扩散。结果表明,油溶性破乳本质是相似相溶,防止乳化炸药油溶性破乳的有效方法是切断破乳路径。     

阻燃包装纸的制备

本文研究了在含有胶态五氧化二锑，硼酸锌，溴化石蜡的乳状液中浸渍制备阻燃包装的工艺，确定了阻烯乳状液中的各种试剂的含量，制是氧指数为４０．１的阻燃包装纸。     

(甲基)丙烯酸-3-磺酸丙酯钠(钾)盐及自聚物的应用

本文研究了（甲基）丙烯酸－３－磺酸丙酯钠（钾）盐及其自聚物在无乳聚合反应中的乳化和胶体保护作用。实验表明,这类化合物在无乳聚合反应体系中无论以单体 是以自聚物形式使用,都具有较好的乳化分散作用和胶体保护作用。     

南京理工研制出新型二维材料锑烯

正日前,南京理工大学曾海波教授团队成功制备出一种新型第五主族二维材料——锑烯。该研究为二维材料家族引入了新成员,丰富了人们对二维材料的认知。相关研究成果发布于《自然通讯》。自石墨烯被发现以来,二维材料因独特的维度特性在基础与应用方面均成为前沿研究热点。近年来,该领域的研究从石墨烯开始,向二硫化物及第四族(硅、锗、锡),再向第五族     

用乙醇代替异戊醇

过去,我厂用比色法测定三硫化二锑中的铁含量时,一直用异戊醇作为 Fe(CNS)_5~(2-)的萃取剂。但异戊醇具有持久而奇特难闻的味道,致使操作人员嗅后心中翻腾,难以忍受。为此我们用乙醇代替异戊醇进行了试验,获得成功。我们对含铁量为0.2%的三硫化二锑粉的分析过程是:把0.1克硫化锑的水溶液稀释至     

低锑铅合金及其应用

配制含Ｓｂ为１．８％的铜－锑－铅－砷－锡的五元低锑合金，它可用于制造阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池的板栅，其电池的自放电明显降低，本文介绍其配制方法，并讨论了有关铅锑合金中锑含量对电池性能影响的一些问题。     

高分子量聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液和醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物乳液的合成及力学性能

对比研究了保护胶体聚乙烯醇(PVA)、阴离子乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)加料量和引发剂加料速率对聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)和醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(VAE)乳液聚合过程中乳胶粒粒径和相对分子质量演化的影响。乳胶粒成核后明显的团聚特性决定了增加保护胶体PVA和阴离子乳化剂SDS加料量对提高PVAc相对分子质量作用不明显。该聚合体系中由于成核乳胶粒强烈的团聚倾向,同一乳胶粒中可同时存在多个自由基,减小引发剂加料速率可降低双基终止几率,明显提高PVAc相对分子质量。进一步利用该技术合成了不同相对分子质量的VAE乳液,力学性能对比测试表明,高分子量VAE乳液成膜具有更优异的力学性能,在聚合物水泥防水复合材料领域具有明显的性能优势。     

锑系阻燃剂研究新进展

锑系阻燃剂在高聚物阻燃技术中占据着重要地位，本文从对锑系阻燃剂的超细化、复合化和表面处理等方面对锑系阻燃剂近年来的发展和研究热点等进行了评述。开展锑产品的深加工研究，对丰富我国锑产品种类、提高锑产品的市场竞争力和生产企业的经济效益，促进我国锑业的健康和可持续发展，具有很现实的意义。     

Review on oxides of antimony nanoparticles: synthesis,properties, and applications

In this article, synthesis methods, properties, and applications of antimony oxide nanoparticles are reviewed. Oxides of antimony exist in three phases, namely antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide, and antimony pentoxide. Physical and optical properties of these nanoparticles are reviewed and compared with their bulk forms. According to literature works, a total of eight synthesis methods have been used to produce these nanoparticles. The size, distribution, shape, and structure of the nanoparticles which are synthesized by different methods are compiled and compared. It is reported that the properties are strongly dependent on the synthesis methods. Advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis method are discussed and compared. Most literatures report on the optical and physical properties of the nanoparticles. Reports on the electrical properties are scarce. As the applications of these nanoparticles cover a wide range, several challenges must be overcome to use them well. These challenges are also being presented and explained in this article.     

二氧化硅胶体晶体的制备及其光子带隙特性

利用胶体颗粒悬浊液的自组织生长技术制备了两种二氧化硅胶体晶体．透射光谱表明：所制备的胶体晶体的光子带隙位于近红外波段,带隙的位置随胶体晶体中胶粒的尺寸而变化;且放置时间延长,带隙将发生蓝移．     

Colloidal Self‐Assembly Meets Nanofabrication: From Two‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystals to Nanostructure Arrays

Self‐assembly of colloidal microspheres or nanospheres is an effective strategy for fabrication of ordered nanostructures. By combination of colloidal self‐assembly with nanofabrication techniques, two‐dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals have been employed as masks or templates for evaporation, deposition, etching, and imprinting, etc. These methods are defined as “colloidal lithography”, which is now recognized as a facile, inexpensive, and repeatable nanofabrication technique. This paper presents an overview of 2D colloidal crystals and nanostructure arrays fabricated by colloidal lithography. First, different methods for fabricating self‐assembled 2D colloidal crystals and complex 2D colloidal crystal structures are summarized. After that, according to the nanofabrication strategy employed in colloidal lithography, related works are reviewed as colloidal‐crystal‐assisted evaporation, deposition, etching, imprinting, and dewetting, respectively.     

纳米技术在药学研究中的若干应用(二):胶体药物载体

胶体药物载体的纳米技术是在药学研究中最活跃的领域。综述了其主要特点、类型和表面修饰等问题,并提出了该领域值得注意的若干问题。     

陶瓷粉体新型胶态成型方法

陶瓷粉体的胶态成型方法是制备高可靠性,大尺寸,复杂形状瓷部件的有效方法。本文比较详细地介绍了四种新型胶态成型方法,离心注模成型,压滤成型,凝胶注模成型,直接凝固注模式型的成型原理和主要工艺。     

Bio‐Inspired Bright Structurally Colored Colloidal Amorphous Array Enhanced by Controlling Thickness and Black Background

Inspired by Steller's jay, which displays angle‐independent structural colors, angle‐independent structurally colored materials are created, which are composed of amorphous arrays of submicrometer‐sized fine spherical silica colloidal particles. When the colloidal amorphous arrays are thick, they do not appear colorful but almost white. However, the saturation of the structural color can be increased by (i) appropriately controlling the thickness of the array and (ii) placing the black background substrate. This is similar in the case of the blue feather of Steller's jay. Based on the knowledge gained through the biomimicry of structural colored materials, colloidal amorphous arrays on the surface of a black particle as the core particle are also prepared as colorful photonic pigments. Moreover, a structural color on–off system is successfully built by controlling the background brightness of the colloidal amorphous arrays.     

Functional Macromolecule‐Enabled Colloidal Synthesis: From Nanoparticle Engineering to Multifunctionality

The synthesis of well‐defined inorganic colloidal nanostructures using functional macromolecules is an enabling technology that offers the possibility of fine‐tuning the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and has contributed to a broad range of practical applications. The utilization of functional reactive polymers and their colloidal assemblies leads to a high level of control over structural parameters of inorganic nanoparticles that are not easily accessible by conventional methods based on small‐molecule ligands. Recent advances in polymerization techniques for synthetic polymers and newly exploited functions of natural biomacromolecules have opened up new avenues to monodisperse and multifunctional nanostructures consisting of integrated components with distinct chemistries but complementary properties. Here, the evolution of colloidal synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles is revisited. Then, the new developments of colloidal synthesis enabled by functional macromolecules and practical applications associated with the resulting optical, catalytic, and structural properties of colloidal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, a perspective on new and promising pathways to novel colloidal nanostructures built upon the continuous development of polymer chemistry, colloidal science, and nanochemistry is provided.     

特种陶瓷材料胶态无模成形技术研究进展

综述了特种陶瓷胶态无模成形技术的研究进展.按照陶瓷浆料固结方式的不同对其进行了分类,分别为通过液体排除、物理或化学胶凝及颗粒流动进行陶瓷浆料固结的无模成形技术.对基于不同固结方式的各种成形方法的原理、工艺过程及应用进行了详细的分析.最后对陶瓷胶态无模成形技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

Effect of antimony surface treatment on nitrogen absorption during batch annealing of an electrical steel sheet

Nitrogen absorption is usually observed during batch-type hot-band annealing of electrical steel sheets containing aluminium. This nitrogenizing causes the deterioration of magnetic properties, such as core loss and induction. In order to prevent nitrogenizing, we investigate an antimony treatment on the hot strip surface of electrical steel sheets containing aluminium. Potassium antimonyl tartrate and colloidal antimony oxides (Sb2O5) are effective against nitrogenizing. It seems that active sites on the surface of the hot strip after pickling are covered with antimony oxides to block the adsorption of nitrogen. Magnetic properties, after cold-rolling and continuous annealing of the nitrogenizing hot band, deteriorate due to small grains near the surface whose boundaries are pinned by aluminium nitrides.     

Colloidal Crystals from Microfluidics

Colloidal crystals are of great interest to researchers because of their excellent optical properties and broad applications in barcodes, sensors, displays, drug delivery, and other fields. Therefore, the preparation of high quality colloidal crystals in large quantities with high speed is worth investigating. After decades of development, microfluidics have been developed that provide new choices for many fields, especially for the generation of functional materials in microscale. Through the design of microfluidic chips, colloidal crystals can be prepared controllably with the advantages of fast speed and low cost. In this Review, research progress on colloidal crystals from microfluidics is discussed. After summarizing the classifications, the generation of colloidal crystals from microfluidics is discussed, including basic colloidal particles preparation, and their assembly inside or outside of microfluidic devices. Then, applications of the achieved colloidal crystals from microfluidics are illustrated. Finally, the future development and prospects of microfluidic‐based colloidal crystals are summarized.