贮箱内液体小幅晃动的频率和阻尼计算

根据小幅晃动条件下利用速度势函数推导的计算液体晃动频率和内部Rayleigh阻尼的特征值方程,利用简化处理转化为一般的广义特征值问题,并针对这种非对称大型稀疏矩阵采用了Arnoldi迭代方法,求解得到晃动频率和内部阻尼。将利用Stokes边界层理论计算得到边界上的阻尼与内阻尼之和作为晃动的等效阻尼,通过两个算例比较计算结果接近实验结果。这种方法可以计算任意形状贮箱内液体的小幅晃动频率和晃动阻尼。     

摊铺机地板声辐射对驾驶员耳旁噪声的影响计算

运用边界元理论,推导出板件声辐射的边界元计算公式,并借助声学计算软件Sysnoise,计算出某摊铺机地板声辐射在驾驶员耳旁位置处的响应,计算结果与实测数据趋势吻合.研究表明,基于Sysnois软件的的边界元分析可以用于复杂机器产品的噪声成分分析.     

边界元法分析中的边界切向应力差分算法

在用边界元法作弹性应力分析中,不能直接计算出弹性体边界切向应力。本文在边界元法分析的基础上,用差分法计算边界切向应力。推导出常边界单元情况下边界切向应力的差分公式。计算表明文中所述方法是可行的,并且简单实用。所研究的方法和公式也适用于高次边界单元的边界切向应力的计算。     

边界元法在环境声学中的应用

边界元法是边界积分方程的数值解法 ,是随着计算机技术的发展而出现的。建立声学边界积分方程分两种方法 :直接法与间接法。本文介绍了边界元法在环境声学中的应用 ,如声屏障和不同情况下道路周围的声场分布、复杂气象条件对声传播的影响的问题等。由于边界元法是半解析半数值解法。在解边界积分方程时会遇到解的存在与唯一性问题。     

薄板结构边界支承刚度的识别

本文用动态测试与边界元法数值计算相结合的方法来识别薄板结构的边界支承的刚度参数。薄板在给定的激励下,根据在薄板有限点上振动响应的测量值,利用结构边界积分方程的解析关系即可较准确地估算出边界支承的参数。在建立边界积分方程中,采用了近似基本解技术。通过算例,验证了方法的可行性和有效性,其识别精度对工程问题来说,是足够满意的。     

微幅晃动下考虑地基效应的矩形贮液结构动力响应研究

一般情况下矩形贮液结构通过底板直接坐落在地基上,有必要在考虑地基效应的基础上研究其动力特;定义微幅晃动波高限值,并建立矩形贮液结构的简化模型。采用人工边界模拟地基效应,建立了有限元计算模型,对比两类模型对应的晃动波高以验证简化模型的合理性,基于势流理论在微幅晃动范围内研究在不同边界条件、不同地震波和不同地震加速度幅值下矩形贮液结构的动力响应。结果表明,两类模型得到的晃动波高趋势一致,且最大晃动波高相差较小。在微幅晃动范围,液体最大晃动波高和地震加速度幅值成线性关系,考虑土-结构相互作用后,壁板水平位移、壁板有效应力和液体晃动压力有较大程度的的减小,而地基效应对液体晃动波高影响很小。     

形状修改结构动特性快速分析的边界元摄动法

本文提出了一种用于结构特征值和特征矢量快速分析的边界元摄动法.该方法把结构的形状改变看作其边界节点坐标在某一确定值邻域内的摄动,利用以边界元为基础的摄动理论,得到修改后结构的特征对,避免了重复求解广义特征值问题.文中的算例证明了本方法的有效性.     

模态边界元法

本文介绍了用有限区域弹性体代替传统的无限区域弹性体建立边界方程基本解的思想。文中以有限弹性体模态的线性组合表示稳态基本解,建立了积分与激励频率无关的稳态边界元的直接表达式和间接表达式。其次文中提出了求解弹性系统固有频率和振型的设想,导出了边界元法特征方程。最后,文中以一维固有特性问题为例对原理、方法的正确性和精确度进行了检验,得到了不同边界条件下的固有频率和振型。文中所给数据表明与理论值吻合良好。     

路面激励引起的车内噪声仿真分析研究

使用ADAMs、Nastran与sysnoise软件,采用多体系统动力学理论,有限元理论和边界元理论相结合的方法对由于路面不平激励引起的车内低频噪声特性进行了仿真分析.还探讨了座椅特性对车内噪声的影响,并对不同车速下的车内噪声特性进行了比较.     

边界点元及其应用

本文在边界元法中引入边界点元的概念并研究了相关的问题,其中包括使用边界点元时边界元基本方程中相应系数张量的具体计算公式,点元处边界应力计算方法以及线性代数方程组可能出现的奇异性及处理途径,最后给出若干算例。应用边界点元可以更客观地反映角点处边界量的实际状况,从而大大改善了计算结果的精度。     

液舱晃荡的CIP法数值模拟

数值模拟是求解液舱晃荡问题的重要方法。基于CIP方法,该文建立了有限差分法求解二维不可压缩流体的Navier-Stokes方程的数值模型,使用对时间积分的分步算法求解流场,利用THINC格式捕捉自由液面,将液舱晃荡问题视为包括气体、液体和固体的多相流问题。分别模拟了无隔板和带纵隔板的液舱晃荡。该模型可以模拟晃荡过程中自由面破碎、翻卷和对舱壁的冲击压力以及隔板附近涡的生成与脱落,模型在不同网格的计算结果一致,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:该模型可以较好地模拟液舱晃荡问题并且纵隔板对液舱晃荡有明显的抑制作用。     

内置有水平挡板的矩形储液器非线性晃动分析

该文以内置有水平挡板的矩形储液器为研究对象,对储液器的非线性晃动问题展开研究。利用势流理论和虚功原理,推导了由水平挡板引起的储液器非线性阻尼比(非线性体现于波高有关)的计算公式,同时考虑水平挡板对储液器晃动频率的影响而对非线性阻尼比计算公式进行了修正。结合液体晃动的非线性分析理论,研究了水平挡板处于不同位置、挡板长度不同时储液器的液面波高与晃动力变化情况。利用Fluent软件进行了数值模拟,并与理论模型分析的结果进行对比。结果表明：当水平挡板靠近储液器底部或长度较小时,储液器内液体的非线性晃动现象较明显,利用非线性三阶模态方程推导得到的波高、晃动力与数值模拟结果较接近,而仅考虑一阶线性响应会明显低估储液器液面波高,但其求解的晃动力却与考虑非线性值的状况基本一致;随着挡板到自由液面距离的变小或挡板长度的增大,储液器液面波高、晃动力幅值减小,液体晃动呈线性变化,说明水平挡板靠近自由液面或增大其长度时能够提高储液器的阻尼比,进而也更能抑制液体的非线性晃动。同时水平挡板逐渐靠近自由液面或长度逐渐增大时,储液器晃动频率逐渐减小,减小的幅度分别可达到5.7%～28%。     

液体纵荡SPH法模拟中两种不同外激励加载方式的比较研究

液体纵荡是一种复杂的流体运动现象,自由液面的存在使得该现象具有很强的非线性和随机性。在基于SPH法的二维矩形容器内液体纵荡研究中,存在边壁加载和相对加速度加载两种不同的外激励加载方式。该文分别采用这两种加载方式,获得其在不同外激励振幅、不同外激励周期及不同水深下的计算结果,通过对容器内某一截面位置的液面波动曲线及其波动频谱图的分析,同时将上述结果与理论解作对比,探讨了在液体纵荡问题研究中这两种加载方式的异同。分析结果表明:在不同振幅外激励作用下,边壁加载方式较相对加速度加载方式所得结果更接近于理论解;当外激励周期与理论固有周期接近时,边壁加载方式和相对加速度加载方式所得结果比较一致;而当外激励周期与理论固有周期远离时,边壁加载方式所得结果更接近于理论解;在不同水深下,边壁加载和相对加速度加载方式下的计算结果均比较一致。     

SPLASH program for three dimensional fluid dynamics with free surface boundaries

This paper describes a three dimensional computer program SPLASH that solves Navier-Stokes equations based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element method. SPLASH has been developed for application to the fluid dynamics problems including the moving boundary of a liquid metal cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR). To apply SPLASH code to the free surface behavior analysis, a capillary model using a cubic Spline function has been developed. Several sample problems, e.g., free surface oscillation, vortex shedding development, and capillary tube phenomena, are solved to verify the computer program. In the analyses, the numerical results are in good agreement with the theoretical value or experimental observance. Also SPLASH code has been applied to an analysis of a free surface sloshing experiment coupled with forced circulation flow in a rectangular tank. This is a simplified situation of the flow field in a reactor vessel of the FBR. The computational simulation well predicts the general behavior of the fluid flow inside and the free surface behavior. Analytical capability of the SPLASH code has been verified in this study and the application to more practical problems such as FBR design and safety analysis is under way.     

Linear sloshing frequencies in the annular region of a circular cylindrical container in the presence of a rigid baffle

Sloshing in any type of container may invite instability to it. If some part of the free liquid surface in the annular region of a specially designed circular cylindrical container is covered with an annular baffle, the natural frequencies and the response of the liquid in the container undergo a drastic change. A partly covered free surface shifts the natural frequency above and away from the control frequency of the vehicle, in which the liquid-filled container is placed, which results in the reduction of sloshing mass participating in the dynamic motion of the system. The fundamental natural frequency of an inviscid and incompressible liquid is determined for increasing width of the baffle that is attached to the outer tank wall on the free surface. It is observed that by increasing the width of the baffle, natural frequencies can be significantly increased. Investigations are also carried out for different values of Bond number, which depicts different states of surface tension, and for varying values of the part of the radius in the fluid region. It is also observed that by increasing the fluid height inside the container, the natural frequencies can be increased, which results in reduction of sloshing.     

A new particle method for simulation of incompressible free surface flow problems

A new Lagrangian particle method called the consistent particle method (CPM), which solves the Navier–Stokes equations in a semi‐implicit time stepping scheme, is proposed in this paper. Instead of using kernel function as in some particle methods, partial differential operators are approximated in a way consistent with Taylor series expansion. A boundary particle recognition method is applied to help define the changing liquid domain. The incompressibility condition of free surface particles is enforced by an adjustment scheme. With these improvements, the CPM is shown to be robust and accurate in long time simulation of free surface flow particularly for smooth pressure solution. Two types of free surface flow problems are presented to verify the CPM, that is, two‐dimensional dam break and liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank. In the dam break example, the CPM solutions of pressure and wave elevation are in good agreement with published experimental results. In addition, an experimental study of water sloshing in tank on a shake table was conducted to verify the CPM solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress intensity factors for three‐dimensional surface cracks using enriched finite elements

The analysis of three‐dimensional crack problems using enriched crack tip elements is examined in this paper. It is demonstrated that the enriched finite element approach is a very effective technique for obtaining stress intensity factors for general three‐dimensional crack problems. The influence of compatibility, integration, element shape function order, and mesh refinement on solution convergence is investigated to ascertain the accuracy of the numerical results. It is shown that integration order has the greatest impact on solution accuracy. Sample results are presented for semi‐circular surface cracks and compared with previously obtained solutions available in the literature. Good agreement is obtained between the different numerical solutions, except in the small zone near the free surface where previously published results have often neglected the change in the stress singularity at the free surface. The enriched crack tip element appears to be particularly effective in this region, since boundary conditions can be easily imposed on the stress intensity factors to accurately represent the correct free surface condition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐linear sloshing in partially liquid filled containers with baffles

A finite element method is used for computing the non‐linear sloshing response of liquid in a two‐dimensional rigid rectangular tank with rigid baffles. The potential formulation is considered for the liquid domain and a mixed Eulerian–Langrangian scheme is adopted. The solution is obtained by the Galerkin method. The fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method is employed to advance the solution in the time domain. A regridding technique is applied to the free surface of the liquid, which effectively eliminates the numerical instabilities without the use of artificial smoothing. Through the comparison with the available results for the rectangular tank without baffle, the validity of the present formulation is checked and then extended to the solution of tanks with rigid baffles. The effects of baffle parameters such as position, dimension and numbers on the non‐linear sloshing response are examined. The present numerical solution procedure is also applied to the non‐linear sloshing problems in a circular cylindrical container with annular baffle. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of sloshing on the mechanics of dewar systems in low-gravity

The mechanics of a spacecraft or space module, that contains a dewar system, is affected by sloshing of the cryogen. When a spacecraft is in orbit the acceleration level is very low and sloshing differs in several ways from that on Earth. Surface tension replaces gravity as the restraining force. The liquid–gas interface is curved and the depth is variable. Cryogens have low surface tension and this causes the resonant frequencies of sloshing to be very low. Programs were developed to calculate sloshing in low-g in dewars with annular and circular cross sections and with segmented and ring baffles. The programs correct for surface curvature and variable depth. The driving force for sloshing is the motion of the wall of the dewar. Dewar motion is an unknown because the sloshing force contributes to the motion of the support structure. Programs were also written for the dynamics of the system treating the motion of the dewar as an unknown. The combined program for sloshing and dynamics is called LOWGSLOSH. The calculations are carried out in the frequency domain so that both coherent and random driving forces can be used as input. The output is the motion of the spacecraft if the dewar is firmly attached to the vehicle. For modules suspended by a vibration-isolation interface, the output is the acceleration spectrum of the module. The calculations show the conditions when sloshing has an appreciable effect on the spacecraft or module. The timeline of spacecraft maneuvers is very important in determining the sloshing amplitude. In many cases, it is possible to reduce sloshing drastically by timing a maneuver properly. The results are illustrated using calculations on two NASA projects: the Space Infrared Telescope Facility spacecraft (SIRTF) and the Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Facility (LTMPF), a module for the International Space Station.     

二维晃动自然频率与阻尼比系数的试验识别

液体的晃动模态（自然频率、振型与阻尼比系数）是贮液结构设计以及振动控制的重要参数。在液体晃动的模态试验中,需要激发液面的模态运动,但液面的对称模态运动一般比较难以激发出来,使得对称模态参数（特别是阻尼比系数）难以精确识别。本文采用参数激振的方法对矩形、U形和圆形截面容器进行竖向激振,可容易激发出液体表面的前四阶模态(包括对称模态)运动,撤除激励后液体表面按某一特定的振型作自由衰减振动,通过激光测量液体表面波高的自由衰减曲线,从而精确得到液体晃动的自然频率与对应的阻尼比系数,测得晃动频率与理论频率结果吻合良好,表明本文试验识别方法有效。