基于微纳米图像的样品全景图像观测

纳米图像观测在许多领域都具有重要的意义,包括微样本观测、缺陷检测、材料表征等。然而,目前,由于显微镜的视场有限,多方位的微观目标成像仍然具有很大的挑战性。本文基于可旋转纳米机器人的显微成像系统,将样品通过旋转的方式,从不同的方向拍摄一系列图像。然后,通过特征提取与匹配、图像配准和图像拼接等步骤自动的对纳米图像拼接,获取样品的全景图像。本文在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下从多方位观察多类样品,并对样品的纳米图像拼接成全景图像。该方法为显微成像感知提供了新的视角,通过对多个样品的图像拼接实验,和与现有方法进行的对比,证明了本文提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

单幅RGB图像计算光谱成像的深度学习研究综述

为解决传统的光谱成像方法成本高、图像采集时间较长的问题，深度学习被引入计算光谱成像来研究如何从单幅RGB图像中重建光谱，为各种计算机视觉应用提供辅助信息。当前对基于深度学习的单幅RGB图像计算光谱成像方法还未有全面、系统的深入认识与研究。为此针对计算光谱成像所使用的深度学习算法和网络模型进行了系统的归纳、分析和对比。基于CNN(convolutional neural networks)、GAN(generative adversarial networks)、注意力和Transformer四个类别详细梳理了近几年重建性能优异的有监督学习方法；基于自编码器和领域自适应两类别分析、探讨、比较了热度较高的无监督学习方法。同时列举了算法常用数据集和评估指标，对未来的研究趋势和发展方向进行了展望。     

基于CUDA的干涉型高光谱实时光谱复原处理技术

随着干涉成像技术的发展,卫星地面处理系统对干涉型高光谱数据的应用提出了实时光谱复原处理及快速成像显示的需求。针对干涉型高光谱图像数据码速率高、可并行处理性强等特点,将干涉型高光谱复原处理算法与新兴的CUDA技术相结合,进行了算法应用研究与软件设计,实现了干涉型高光谱实时光谱复原处理技术。实验结果表明,基于CUDA的干涉型高光谱数据的光谱复原处理技术能够满足地面应用系统的需求。     

应用引导滤波器和成像系统特性的多光谱与全色图像融合算法

为了提高多光谱与全色图像融合的质量,提出一种应用引导滤波器和成像系统特性的多光谱与全色图像融合算法。该算法采用引导滤波器建立降质全色图像与多光谱图像的关系,进而利用这种关系对多光谱图像进行插值;再对待融合的多光谱和全色图像进行区域划分和NSCT变换,然后结合LCCS、FOCC和图像成像系统特征对图像高频系数进行区域融合,最后进行逆NSCT变换得到融合图像。实验数值表明,该算法在充分保留了多光谱图像光谱信息的同时,尽可能多地注入了全色图像的细节信息,提高了多光谱图像的融合效果。     

基于LabVIEW的太赫兹二维扫描成像系统设计

采用LabVIEW语言设计的透射式单频太赫兹二维扫描成像系统,选择基频为140 GHz的太赫兹源发射连续的太赫兹波,调用平移台驱动器和锁相放大器的LabVIEW功能函数,实现了待成像样品的逐点二维移动和太赫兹信号的幅值数据读取,对样品位置及其对应的幅值信息进行图像重构与灰度处理,完成了太赫兹二维快速扫描成像的设计。使用基频140 GHz和3倍频420 GHz作为太赫兹成像源,对网孔钢板和十字板两个样品进行成像实验,验证了所设计本系统的成像效果的有效性和可行性。实验结果表明:420 GHz辐射源的成像分辨率高,成像分辨率主要与样品的扫描步进和太赫兹源波长有关。     

基于PCI总线的成像光谱数据传输系统的设计

本文针对干涉成像光谱仪,详细分析了干涉成像光谱信号特征及其时序关系,研究了干涉成像光谱数据传输系统的关键技术,提出了使用CPLD技术,设计基于微机PCI总线的干涉成像光谱仪输出数据传输系统的方案,并介绍了该系统的电路原理及实现的功能.     

融合摄像机位姿信息的模板匹配跟踪算法

针对图像制导目标跟踪系统在跟踪过程中,由于图像旋转、成像视角和目标尺度的变化带来的跟踪漂移问题,提出一种利用摄像机的位姿信息的匹配模板校正和更新方法。根据摄像机与目标的相对位姿信息,建立目标透视成像模型以及不同摄像机位姿情况下的模板校正方程;将校正方程分解为实时图像旋转和模板仿射变换两部分减小模板变换的误差;通过设计与相关系数和距离信息相关的模板更新策略达到适应跟踪系统逐渐接近目标过程中目标的变化。采用基于视景仿真软件Vega Prime产生的模拟飞行视频对算法进行了验证。实验表明所提算法能够适应图像制导跟踪系统在跟踪过程中目标尺度、成像视角以及图像旋转的变化,减小跟踪漂移。     

基于非均匀采样数据的SD-OCT成像算法研究

在频域光学相干层析成像(SD-OCT)中,数据通常通过波数域的非均匀采样得到。在进行快速傅里叶变换得到图像之前需要进行一个数据重采样过程。数据重采样会造成额外的计算负担,而且会带来一定的数据误差。采用一种逆成像算法得到SDOCT图像,将SD-OCT系统建模为一系列线性方程组,通过求解一个逆问题以实现SD-OCT系统的成像。利用全变差(TV)作为限制条件以保留图像的边缘信息,然后由SD-OCT测量数据直接估计样本的二维互相关。仿真结果表明,和传统方法相比,该算法所得到的噪声残余量更低。同时还验证了利用TV限制条件以抑制SD-OCT中对衰落的敏感性的可能性。     

POS数据在机载干涉SAR运动补偿中的应用

提出了一种利用高精度的定位定向系统(POS)数据,在SAR成像阶段实现机载干涉SAR运动补偿及图像配准的成像处理方法。该方法针对机载干涉SAR系统的双天线雷达数据对的特点,在成像阶段直接利用高精度的POS数据完成干涉SAR图像对的位置误差补偿、干涉相位误差补偿以及自动配准等过程。实际处理结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高机载干涉SAR的图像质量,改善复图像对之间的相干性,非常适用于机载双天线干涉SAR雷达数据的成像处理过程。     

基于Wollaston棱镜阵列的目标识别系统

针对传统目标识别方法识别率低、受背景环境影响大等问题,设计了一种基于Wollaston棱镜阵列的偏振光谱成像系统.为了有效地探测野外目标的微弱信号,采用了高光通量的光学天线、偏振模块及干涉模块的设计.为了保证实时采集及高稳定性的设计要求,采用了全静态光学器件完成偏振分光及空间光程调制.系统由偏振成像模块与光谱成像模块构成,可实现同一视场内4个偏振方向图像及光谱图像的同时采集,并经图像融合算法重建被测区域的偏振光谱图像.实验在不同测试距离上分别以钢板和某型火炮作为被测目标,分别采用本系统偏振模块与传统非偏振系统进行测试.实验结果显示,偏振目标识别信噪比高、受距离影响小.基于此实验,再将偏振识别图像与光谱识别图像相融合,从而构成偏振光谱图像.与传统目标识别图像相比较,本系统合成图像中目标清晰可见,受背景环境影响小、可探测距离远,具有很高的野外适应性及稳定性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。