飞机三维姿态测量的角平分线方向向量法

基于交会测量提出了一种飞机三维姿态测量的新方法—角平分线方向向量法。对交会图像进行边缘检测和特征线提取,获得飞机两机翼边缘特征线上适当两点的坐标,经两次坐标转换到特定坐标系下;联合经纬仪参数及跟踪的俯仰、方位角,解算机翼边缘特征线在特定坐标系下的方向向量,利用飞机结构的对称性,在机翼特征线平面求解其两条角平分线方向向量;重构飞机中轴线及其同面垂线的方向向量;据此计算出飞机的俯仰、偏航和滚动三维姿态。利用两台光电经纬仪交会跟踪飞机的眼镜蛇机动飞行表明提出的方法稳定、实用,只要图像上机翼边缘线成像清晰,测量的姿态角误差不会超过1°。此方法不仅可为靶场光测设备跟踪图像的处理提供一种新途径,而且可为其他运动目标的姿态测量提供借鉴。     

基于构建最优函数提高飞机姿态测量精度

提出了基于构建最优函数来提高飞机姿态测量精度的方法.首先,利用模板匹配法获得飞机在两个测站投影的同名特征点,在发射坐标系下采用交会获得飞机同名特征点的坐标值,根据飞机在空间的特征三角形解算飞机姿态的初值.然后,建立飞机体坐标系;利用成像的共线方程,重新计算空间特征点对应的像点坐标;以重投影结果与实际像点之间的偏差最小作为优化目标函数.最后,通过迭代提高目标姿态解的精度.实验结果表明,飞机轴向成像在大于500pixel时,姿态角测量误差小于0.1°.与中轴线法及飞机角平分线方向向量法测量精度比对,本文提出的方法采用的数学模型正确、算法合理,有效地提高了飞机姿态的测量精度.     

光电经纬仪单站空间余弦及多站面面交汇的飞机姿态测量

本文对光电经纬仪测量飞机姿态的方法进行研究。首先介绍单站经纬仪在有距离信息时测量飞机姿态的方法,采用穷举的方法,获得飞机轴线上的特征点,利用空间的位置关系获得空间姿态参数。然后介绍多站经纬仪利用面面交汇的方法获得飞机飞行姿态;首先对二维平面图像采用Hough变换拟合算法获得目标中轴线,然后计算原点到目标的中轴线的垂直距离及原点到目标的中轴线的法线与X轴的夹角,获得目标在二维平面的直线方程,目标图像的二维中轴线与摄影系统的光学中心唯一确定了一个空间平面;采用面面交汇的方法,获得空间中轴线,可以得到飞机轴线的偏航角及俯仰角。实验结果表明,两种计算方法的结果误差偏航角为0.28%,俯仰角为1.1%。本文采用的数学模型正确、算法合理,有效的提取了飞机的姿态参数。     

二维合作目标的单相机空间位姿测量方法

针对空间交会对接的近距离位姿测量要求,提出了一种基于单目视觉的二维合作目标位姿解算算法。为方便空中移动平台的调整以满足特定的位姿关系,引入了一种新的姿态角定义方法,此方法定义的三个姿态角可以作为平台姿态调整的反馈量且不受旋转顺序的限制。平面模型相对于相机坐标系的三个姿态角和位置向量可通过平面单应矩阵直接导出。在测量实验中,算法基于DSP平台实现,合作目标由4个共面LED光源构成,测量值基准由高精度倾角传感器和全站仪获得。对空间位置变化范围为2m×2m,姿态角变化范围为-30°~30°的目标平面进行测量,结果表明,本算法可实现0.88%的相对位置定位误差和最大为0.996°的姿态角测量误差,且单帧算法的解算速度仅为0.25ms。     

基于关键特征的飞机大部件对接位姿调整技术

为实现飞机大部件姿态的自动调整,必须先获得大部件的空间姿态表达,进而确定具有6个自由度的调整向量.为此,针对大部件外形面装配误差累积,采用以大部件外形面测量点作为对接基准点进行姿态拟合的传统对接方法难以获得正确对接位置的问题,提出基于关键特征的大部件对接位姿调整方法.该方法首先确定对接大部件的关键特征,获得大部件的对接向量,然后通过优化协调尺寸误差分配建立满足装配质量要求的最优对接矩阵,确定对接过程中的大部件位姿,以提高对接精度与效率.通过在飞机平垂尾对接中的运用,并与一般位姿计算方法比较,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于双平行线特征的位姿估计解析算法

提出了一种基于特征直线的单目单帧计算机视觉相对位姿估计算法.用几何的方法代替常规代数方法,回避了特征点算法中传统的通过求解旋转矩阵和平移向量来获取位置和姿态参数的过程.以特征直线的平行关系和四直线围成的面积作为输入,推导出了几何意义下的位置和姿态参数解析表达式,求解过程简单、直接.理论推导和实验验证表明了该算法的正确有效性.     

扫描平面激光坐标测量系统校准方法的优化

介绍了一种基于旋转平面激光单站测角、多站交汇的坐标测量系统,并对其校准方法进行了优化.分析了系统的测角方式和多传感器交汇测量的特点,阐述了基于传统方法的单基站方位信息测量原理及系统结构,并提出了相应的单站结构参数和系统参数校准方法.针对转轴直线和光平面的特点,设计了配套附件并借助经纬仪标定了结构参数,同时通过接收器确定...     

车载经纬仪的测量误差修正

载车平台变形会直接导致经纬仪方位旋转轴线产生倾斜,从而影响经纬仪的测角精度。为补偿测角精度,实现活动站测量,通过球面几何推导了平台变形对光电经纬仪测角误差影响的修正公式,利用光电轴角编码器精度高、采样频率高的特性,测量出经纬仪坐标系倾斜,经过坐标变换推导出经纬仪倾斜角和倾斜方向,该测量装置通过时统终端与经纬仪望远系统同时记录测角数据及倾斜数据,从而对测角误差进行修正。实验结果表明,该方法能够实时有效地补偿因平台变形而带来的测角误差,使经纬仪不落地测角精度控制在20″内,为实现高精度车载光电测量提供了一种有效的途径。     

车载平台变形对测角误差的影响分析与修正

分析了车载平台变形对经纬仪测角误差的影响,将平台变形分为平移变形和旋转变形转两类.采用数值模拟实验论证了平台旋转变形是影响测角误差的主要因素,建立了车载经纬仪测角误差与旋转变形角的关系模型,并在此基础上对目标位置和平台旋转变形对测角误差的影响进行了仿真.利用基于莫尔条纹的自准直测量系统测量平台偏向角,倾角传感器测量平台...     

车载平台变形对测角误差的影响分析与修正

为了分析车载平台变形对经纬仪测角误差的影响,将平台变形分为平移和旋转两类。采用数值模拟实验论证了平台旋转变形是影响测角误差的主要因素,建立了车载经纬仪测角误差与旋转变形角的     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.