“长林”系列油茶籽中非油类主要功能性成分比较

对“长林”系列10个品种油荼籽种仁中4种非油类主要功能性成分进行测定和分析,采用香草醛-冰醋酸-高氯酸比色法测定总三萜含量,采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝比色法测定总黄酮含量,采用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法测定总多糖含量,采用Lowry法测定总蛋白含量.结果表明,总蛋白质量分数为12.96％～17.38％,总三萜为2.56％～5.37％,总多糖为0.65％ ～ 1.43％,总黄酮为0.53％～1.06％,4类功能性成分含量在油荼品种间均存在较大的差异.因此,针对油茶不同功效产品的开发应选择相应的品种.     

不同枣品种果实中功能性成分含量的比较研究

采用紫外分光光度法对10个枣品种果实中总黄酮、总酚、三萜和皂苷等活性物质成分含量进行测定分析,评价不同枣品种果实功能性产品的开发价值。结果表明,10个枣品种果实中总黄酮、总酚、三萜和皂苷含量平均值分别为3.07、17.39、39.45、30.50 mg/g,相关性分析显示三萜含量与皂苷含量呈极显著的正相关。不同枣品种各活性物质成分含量对比和对应分析结果均显示,总黄酮与总酚含量最高的枣品种分别为灰枣优株、京39,三萜与皂苷含量最高的枣品种均为赞2与骏1。灰色关联度法研究表现为枣果实中功能性成分含量综合表现较高的枣品种依次为赞2、灰枣优株、京39、中枣1号、骏1,可作为新疆枣功能性产品开发的适宜品种。     

10种不同来源桑黄中4种有效成分含量的对比研究

对比研究10种不同桑黄多糖、黄酮、三萜类化合物及总蛋白的含量。采用苯酚-硫酸、亚硝酸-硝酸铝、香草醛-冰醋酸和BCA法对其提取物中几种活性成分进行含量测定。结果表明,多糖含量最高为8年野生桑黄提取物(2.491%),含量最低的是7号人工桑黄(0.264%);黄酮含量最高和最低分别为4号(1.829%)和6号(0.179%),二者为人工桑黄;三萜含量最高为6号人工桑黄(0.306 8%),最低的为9号野生桑黄(0.068 3%);蛋白含量最高为7号人工桑黄(0.602 2%),最少的是9号野生品种(0.210 5%)。结果表明,野生桑黄中多糖含量较高,可能是野生桑黄生长年份较长,有利于一级代谢产物多糖的累积;人工桑黄中黄酮、三萜和蛋白含量较高,可能是优化培养条件,有利于此类活性成分的富集。     

基于主要功能成分含量的不同品种枇杷叶评价

为探明不同品种枇杷叶中主要功能成分含量差异,给枇杷叶的加工利用提供理论参考,以生长在陕南安康的14个品种枇杷叶为材料,通过测定总黄酮、总酚、三萜酸、多糖、维生素C等主要成分含量以及ABTS阳离子自由基清除率和FRAP值指标,并运用主成分分析法对枇杷叶品质进行综合评价。结果表明:‘佳伶’、‘培优’和‘麦后黄’叶片中总黄酮、总酚和三萜酸含量较高,抗氧化活性较强,具有更好的药用价值和功能性。‘西农枇杷2号’和‘津云’叶片中多糖和维生素C含量较高,具有较好的营养价值。主成分分析评价结果,综合排名前三的品种依次为‘佳伶’、‘麦后黄’、‘培优’。     

蜜环菌菌丝与菌索活性成分含量研究

目的 测定蜜环菌(Armillariamellea)菌丝、菌索两种形态总多糖、总蛋白、总三萜、麦角甾酮、麦角甾醇、腺苷的含量差异。方法 采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定总三萜、总多糖及总蛋白含量。采用高效液相色谱法测定麦角甾酮、麦角甾醇、腺苷成分含量。结果 蜜环菌菌丝与菌索两种形态的大部分活性成分含量差异显著,其中总三萜、总蛋白、麦角甾醇成分显示菌丝含量优于菌索,且具有显著性差异(P<0.05);菌索总多糖含量、麦角甾酮含量优于菌丝,含量差异明显;两者腺苷含量相似。结论 对于蜜环菌的药用以及开发保健食品方面,需要根据具体方案进行合理开发,达到资源的合理利用。研究结果可为今后的综合利用开发奠定理论基础。     

陕南蕨菜有效成分的分析

为了充分利用蕨菜植物资源,对陕南蕨菜的有效成份中的总脂肪、总黄酮和总多糖进行了分析,分别采用索氏提取法、比色法和苯酚-硫酸法等测定.结果表明:蕨菜中总脂肪、总黄酮总和总多糖含量分别为:2.13%,2.20%和8.22%.     

枇杷果皮热风干燥前后功能性成分含量变化与挥发性成分分析

研究热风干燥对枇杷果皮中功能性成分（多酚、黄酮、三萜酸）及果皮挥发性成分的影响。用60 ℃热风干燥将枇杷果皮烘干至水分含量为9%～10%后,测定干燥前后功能性成分的含量,并利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用分析和鉴定挥发性成分及相对含量。结果显示,干燥后枇杷果皮中的总多酚（（37.94±0.84） mg GAE/g）和总黄酮（（19.29±0.76） mg Rutin/g）的含量较新鲜果皮（总多酚：（63.66±1.68） mg GAE/g;总黄酮：（56.78±1.44） mg Rutin/g）显著减少（P＜0.05）,总三萜酸含量变化不显著;在新鲜果皮中检测到35 种挥发性成分,主要是醛、酯、酮,其中己醛（相对含量19.79%）和反-2-己烯醛（相对含量26.59%）为主要挥发性成分。与新鲜枇杷皮相比,热风干燥增加了挥发性成分的种类,共检测到73 种挥发性成分,主要是醛、酯、酮,与新鲜果皮共有的成分有21 种。壬醛（相对含量31.47%）为干样中的主要挥发性成分,其他相对含量较高的成分为β-环柠檬醛、β-紫罗酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、癸醛等,这些成分共同构成了干燥果皮的特有香气。     

内蒙古地区白刺属植物主要活性成分含量比较研究

目的:比较内蒙古分布的4种白刺果实和叶总黄酮和总生物碱的含量。方法:以索氏提取法提取总黄酮类成分,以硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。采用酸碱提取法提取总碱,以硫酸阿托品为对照品,酸性染料比色法测定白刺总生物碱的含量。结果:4种白刺果实和叶总黄酮和总生物碱的含量差异显著(p<0.05),其中果实中小果白刺总黄酮含量最高,叶中球果白刺的中总黄酮含量最高,而唐古特白刺总生物碱含量最高。结论:本研究可为白刺属种质资源筛选及质量评价提供一定的参考依据。     

广西河池、百色和梧州油茶种子含油率和脂肪酸组成测定

选取广西油茶重点产区河池、百色和梧州的主要油茶品种普通油茶、岑溪软枝油茶及大果红花油茶的种子为原料,石油醚为溶剂提取油茶种子的油脂及测定含油率,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同油茶籽油试样的脂肪酸成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：4个不同产地不同品种的油茶种子出仁率为53.29%～68.91%;干籽含油率为47.05%～59.51%;GC-MS共鉴定出14种脂肪酸,单不饱和酸含量为72.91%～80.11%,其中河池巴马软枝油茶籽油的单不饱和酸含量最高,为80.11%,主要成分是油酸;多不饱和酸含量为5.85%～9.14%,其中梧州岑溪软枝油茶籽油的多不饱和酸含量最高,为9.14%,主要成分是亚油酸;饱和脂肪酸含量为13.62%～17.95%,主要成分为棕榈酸和硬脂酸;同时,广西油茶籽油中含有少量的9,10-环氧-十八碳烷酸尚未见报道。     

淡竹叶中总黄酮和多糖的微波提取与含量测定

从淡竹叶中提取总黄酮和多糖,并测定其含量。运用微波技术提取淡竹叶总黄酮和多糖,用比色法测定总黄酮和多糖含量。测得淡竹叶中总黄酮含量为1.62%,平均回收率为100.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.77%(n=5);多糖含量为2.66%,平均回收率为98.86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.21%(n=5)。首次运用微波技术从淡竹叶中联合提取总黄酮和多糖,反应速度加快,提高了提取效率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the