沙枣种子油的超声波辅助提取及抗氧化作用

以沙枣种子为原料,利用超声波辅助提取沙枣种子油,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验进行优化,确定超声波辅助提取沙枣种子油的最佳提取条件。结果表明,各因素的主次顺序为浸提温度>浸提时间>超声波功率>料液比,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为浸提时间30 min、浸提温度30℃、超声波功率120 W、料液比1∶6(g/mL),提取率为26.07%。超声波辅助提取的沙枣种子油具有较强的抗氧化活性。10 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对羟自由基(.OH)清除率为87.05%;8 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对DPPH自由基的抑制率为52.36%;8 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对超氧负离子(O2-.)的清除率为59.55%。     

超声波辅助提取南瓜籽油及其脂肪酸组成研究

采用超声波辅助提取南瓜籽油,并用单因素试验和正交试验筛选最佳提取条件。结果表明：超声波辅助提取南瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为料液比1:8(g/mL)、超声时间20min、超声功率90W、超声温度30℃,在此条件下油脂提取率高达94.22%,各因素对提取率的影响依次为料液比、超声时间、超声功率和超声温度。气相色谱分析南瓜籽油表明,南瓜籽油中主要含有5 种脂肪酸,分别是棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸。     

超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油的工艺条件优化

以亚麻籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油.在单因素试验的基础上,通过二次正交旋转组合试验确定了超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油的较佳工艺条件.结果表明:在试验范围内各因素对亚麻籽油得率影响大小依次为提取时间>料液比>提取温度>超声波功率,以石油醚为溶剂提取亚麻籽油的较佳工艺参数为料液比10 mL/g,提取温度60℃,提取时间35 min,超声波功率60 W.在该条件下提取三次亚麻籽油得率45.75%,提取率达93.27%.     

超声波辅助提取花椒籽油的工艺研究

为了提高花椒的经济价值,充分利用花椒籽中的花椒籽油,以脱蜡花椒籽为原材料,利用超声波辅助提取花椒籽油.首先,通过预处理试验确定最佳提取溶剂,然后,通过单因素试验对影响花椒籽油得率的因素(液料比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率)进行探讨.最后,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以油脂得率为考察指标,对液料比、超声功率、提取时间进行3因素3水平响应面分析,确定了在该试验中超声波辅助处理提取花椒籽油最佳工艺参数:液料比:21.5∶1 (mL/g),提取时间:25 min,提取温度:60℃,超声功率350 W.在此条件下,花椒籽油得率为27.25％.     

黄连木籽油的超声波辅助提取工艺及油品组成分析

本文以黄连木籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取黄连木籽油,通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了料液比、提取温度、超声波频率、以及提取时间等因素对得油率的影响,确定了超声波辅助提取黄连木籽油的最佳工艺条件,并采用气相色谱(GC)分析了黄连木籽油的脂肪酸组成.结果表明,各影响因素的主次顺序为:料液比>超声提取时间>提取温度>超声波频率;黄连木籽油超声提取最优工艺参数为:料液比1:10(g/mL),提取温度30℃,提取时间30min,超声波频率40 kHz,在该工艺条件下得油率达35.96%.气相色谱分析表明,超声提取的黄连木籽油含有5种脂肪酸成分,分别为亚油酸32.35%、油酸47.59%、棕榈酸18.55%、亚麻酸0.9834%,十六碳烯酸0.5305%.     

苹果籽油提取工艺研究

采用溶剂浸提法和超声波辅助提取法对苹果籽油的提取进行了研究.溶剂浸提法结果表明:石油醚为提取苹果籽油的适宜溶剂,通过单因素和正交试验得出苹果籽油提取的优化工艺条件为:提取温度45℃,提取时间7h,料液比1∶6.超声波辅助提取法的结果表明:超声强化可以降低提取温度、缩短提取时间和节省溶剂用量;超声波功率和提取时间对于苹果籽油的提取均有显著的影响.试验得出,在料液比1∶6条件下,功率为250W和时间25min时提取效果最佳.     

石榴籽油提取工艺的研究

以石榴籽为原料,利用超声波辅助有机溶剂提取石榴籽油,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验研究了料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对石榴籽油得率的影响,确定了超声波辅助提取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,石榴籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶20,提取时间40 min,提取温度50℃,超声波功率400 W。在该条件下石榴籽油得率为21.77%。     

超声波法提取南瓜籽油的工艺条件优化研究

采用超声波法提取南瓜籽油,筛选了提取南瓜籽油的理想溶剂,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了提取温度、提取时间、液料比、超声频率和功率对南瓜籽油得率的影响,结果表明：石油醚为提取南瓜籽油的理想溶剂;各因素对南瓜籽油得率的影响大小依次为：液料比＞超声时间＞超声温度＞超声频率和功率;优化的提取工艺参数为：液料比6:1(V/W)、超声频率和功率59kHz、280W、提取温度60℃、提取时间35min,此条件下无壳瓜籽油的得率达39.04%。     

超声波辅助法提取鸵鸟油

探索超声波法辅助提取鸵鸟油的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用二次通用旋转组合设计研究提取温度、提取时间、超声波功率、料液比对鸵鸟油得率的影响。结果表明,超声波辅助提取鸵鸟油的最佳工艺条件为温度65℃、时间25min、功率140W、料液比1:8(g/mL),此条件下,鸵鸟油得率达93.9%。     

石榴籽油超声波辅助萃取工艺研究

以大青皮石榴籽为原料,利用超声波技术辅助提取石榴籽油,研究了料液比、超声波功率、提取温度以及提取时间等因素对出油率的影响.试验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为料液比1:7(w/v),超声波功率70 W,提取温度40℃,提取时间50 min,出油率达19.81%.同时还研究了石榴籽油的理化特性.超声波辅助提取与常规法浸提和微波提取相比,具有出油率高、提取时间短、所需温度低等优点,便于石榴籽油的工业化规模生产.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the