真空辅助RTM环氧树脂性能的研究

以低黏度环氧树脂为基体树脂、耐高温的胺类为固化剂,制备了一种真空辅助树脂传递模型(RTM)环氧树脂体系,研究了其黏度特性、树脂的固化反应热和力学性能等。结果表明,我们研发的环氧树脂体系的凝胶时间、固化温度和后处理温度分别为53.2℃、87.39℃和127.7℃。该体系的黏度、凝胶时间、耐热性和高温固化后的力学性能均适合真空辅助RTM成型。     

低溴环氧/氰酸酯树脂共固化反应及其层压板性能的研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅立叶交换红外光谱(FT-IR)对不同配比的低溴环氧／氰酸酯树脂的共固化反应机理以及固化物的结构特征进行了研究,同时测定和讨论了其层压板的耐热性和介电性能等。研究结果表明,在低溴环氧／氰酸酯树脂的固化体系中,氰酸酯和环氧树脂通过两种途径反应最终生成噁唑烷酮结构：固化反应温度与体系的组成有关,体系中低溴环氧树脂减少固化反应温度降低：加入催化剂能明显促进体系共固化反应,同时也降低了层压板的耐热性和介电性能。在性能方面,低溴环氧树脂中加入氰酸酯使共固化物耐热性增加、Tg升高,但氰酸酯用量增加到一定范围后,低溴环氧树脂／氰酸酯配比对Tg影响不大;低溴环氧树脂／氰酸酯层压板的耐热性和介电性能在一定实验范围内随着氰酸酯用量的增加明显提高。     

环氧树脂聚酰胺网络体系性能研究

用红外光谱法表征了4种聚酰胺固化剂与环氧树脂按等当量配比,在一定条件下的固化反应过程。DSC法测定了其固化反应活性。桐马聚酰胺/环氧树脂固化体系较聚酰胺650/环氧树脂固化体系的固化活性大大提高,同时测定了该固化产物的热失重(TG)及玻璃化温度(Tg),对该固化物的热稳定性进行了评价,还测定了不同固化时间的剪切强度以研究其动态力学性能,从浇铸体的冲击强度方面比较其韧性。综合比较分析了聚酰胺固化剂与环氧树脂固化体系的力学性能、耐热性、电绝缘性等。结果表明:桐马聚酰胺Ⅲ型固化剂具有黏度低、粘接强度大、耐热性好、力学性能优等优点。     

噁唑烷酮改性环氧树脂的性能

采用4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)对双酚A环氧树脂和脂肪族环氧树脂进行噁唑烷酮化共改性,研究了MDI及作为活性稀释剂的脂肪族环氧用量对改性产物黏度及树脂固化物力学性能、耐热性的影响。结果表明,低改性比和稀释剂可以有效降低唑烷酮改性环氧树脂黏度,当改性比为4∶1时,树脂固化物拉伸强度、弯曲强度达到75.4 MPa和158.2 MPa,分别比环氧树脂固化物提高了64%和57%,断裂延伸率和冲击强度有较大提高,具有高强高韧的特点。稀释剂含量对Tg影响较小,各改性树脂Tg在108～118℃之间,与纯环氧树脂的耐热性相当。     

特种工程塑料对环氧树脂的改性作用

研究了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、热塑性聚酰亚胺(TPI)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚砜(PSF)、液晶高分子聚合物(LCP)和聚芳酯(PAR)等特种工程塑料对环氧树脂力学热学和电性能改性效果。具有刚性基元及活性基元的工程塑料在环氧固化过程中产生微分相,吸收应力作用下的能量,阻止微裂纹扩散,对环氧树脂力学性能(拉伸、压缩、冲击强度)有提升作用;耐热性优于环氧的特种工程塑料对提高环氧耐热性有益,在固化过程中与环氧树脂产生分子间作用力引起耐热性进一步提高;绝缘性更佳的工程塑料改性环氧后绝缘性能提高。分散性差的PSF聚集形成弱界面层,受力作用下首先破坏,主要力学性能稍有降低。LCP与PAR难以在环氧树脂中形成均一相,不能用于环氧树脂改性研究。     

含有环氧基的丙烯酸酯的合成及其固化物的研究

采用脂肪族环氧树脂(EP-664)与丙烯酸(AA)合成了低黏度的含有环氧基的丙烯酸酯(AEG),该反应性酯类化合物与双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44、EP-6002)共混,以甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)为固化剂,并分别采用三级胺和2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)为促进剂,通过混合物黏度曲线的变化与其固化物力学性能的测试,研究了AEG含量对环氧树脂体系黏度的变化和固化物力学性能的影响。结果显示,AEG的添加可以有效地降低树脂体系的黏度,25℃下混合体系黏度仅为300～600mPa·s;其固化物的力学性能随AEG含量的增加先增加后降低,具有最大值。三级胺固化体系的力学性能明显优于2E4MZ固化体系,当w(AEG)为20%时,固化物的综合力学性能最好。     

室温固化低黏度双酚F环氧树脂体系的研究

选择具有设计结构的固化剂和活性稀释剂,并研究其对体系性能的影响,确定了室温固化耐高温低黏度双酚F环氧树脂配方体系。该体系黏度低,凝胶时间较长,耐热性良好,力学性能优异。固化产物的T_g可达110℃以上,拉伸强度可达90 MPa,弯曲强度可达150 MPa。能够很好地适用于低温固化,中、高温使用的树脂基复合材料成型技术。     

脂环族环氧树脂及其在阳离子UV固化中的应用

脂环族环氧树脂除具有传统环氧树脂的特性外,其粘度低、工艺操作性好,耐热性高,固化收缩小,电性能好,耐紫外线及耐候性好等独有特点,使得其在紫外光固化涂料和油墨、电力绝缘材料、复合材料、胶黏剂、电子灌封等各个行业的应用需求逐年增加,是一种应用前景很好的树脂。     

碳纤维复合材料壳体湿法缠绕用高性能树脂基体的研究

树脂基体的低黏度和长适用期是大型固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体长周期湿法缠绕成型的基本保证。通过与高活性固化剂物理相容的活性溶剂的添加,研制出一种具有低黏度、长适用期、优异力学性能及耐热性能的环氧树脂基体。采用差式扫描量热法（DSC）、动态热机械仪（DMA）、万能材料试验机、水压爆破系统等对该树脂体系的固化行为、黏度、浇铸体力学及耐热性能和碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能、容器爆破性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明,该树脂基体黏度低,黏度变化平缓,适用期超过10h,满足大型发动机壳体湿法缠绕成型工艺要求;且该树脂基体以及碳纤维复合材料具有优异的力学性能,缠绕成型的Ф150mm容器的容器特性系数>50km,纤维强度发挥率>90%。     

新型环氧改性己二胺固化剂的制备与性能研究

采用多官能度环氧对己二胺进行改性,得到了一种无毒、低黏度、适用期长、无色透明的液体固化剂,并利用红外光谱表征其结构.通过差示扫描量热法研究了该固化剂的反应活性与最佳固化剂用量,并采用环氧树脂E44进行固化,对其固化物的剪切强度、冲击强度等力学性能和耐热性能进行初步探讨.结果表明改性后的固化剂在力学性能和耐热性能略有提升...     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。