煤系针状焦生产废水处理的研究

采用SH-A强化脱氮除碳工艺对煤系针状焦生产废水进行了实验研究,详细讨论了各个处理环节的运行情况和处理效果。通过该工艺处理后的废水各项指标均达到国家污水综合排放一级标准(GB8978—1996),NH3-N去除率达96.3%～100%,COD去除率达92.4%～94.2%。     

石油焦质量下滑对预焙阳极的危害及控制

深入分析当前石油焦质量下滑的三大因素:杂质含量高、粉焦和丸状焦比例增加等,以及对炭阳极质量造成的危害,并有针对性的提出一些预防措施,旨在引起石化和炭素行业提高对石油焦质量的重视程度。     

Effects of chemicals and blending petroleum coke on the properties of low-rank Indonesian coal water mixtures

In this study, the effects of different chemical additives including dispersant and stabilizer on the solid loading, viscosity, rheological behaviour and static stability of coal water mixtures have been investigated. In the experiments, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) was selected as dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) and nano-stabilizer were employed as stabilizers. An Indonesian low-rank coal, taken from Berau, East Kalimantan, was used for the study. To obtain high-loaded slurry, Liaohe petroleum coke was used to blend with Indonesian coal sample. The results of the experiments showed that adding chemical additives and blending Liaohe petroleum coke can effectively improve the slurryability of Indonesian low-rank coal.     

Thermogravimetric study of coal and petroleum coke for co-gasification

As a preliminary study of gasification of coal and petroleum coke mixtures, thermogravimetric analyses were performed at various temperatures (1,100, 1,200, 1,300, and 1,400 °C) and the isothermal kinetics were analyzed and compared. The activation energies of coal, petroleum coke and coal/petroleum coke mixture were calculated by using both a shrinking core model and a modified volumetric model. The results showed that the activation energies for the anthracite and petroleum coke used in this study were 9.56 and 11.92 kcal/mol and reaction times were 15.8 and 27.0 min. In the case of mixed fuel, however, the activation energy (6.97 kcal/mol) and reaction time (17.0 min) were lower than the average value of the individual fuels, confirming that a synergistic effect was observed in the coprocessing of coal and petroleum coke. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

煤干馏生产半焦、煤焦油及干馏炉煤气的发展前景

介绍了国内半焦的发展现状、市场需求及综合效益。通过对半焦各项技术指标与铁合金专用焦的对比及半焦生产与煤制甲醇、煤制油、煤制化肥及煤电一体化等煤化工项目投资、消耗、定员等的对比分析,认为半焦产业发展前景广阔,并对半焦产业的发展提出了建议。     

煤系针状焦原料预处理技术进展

针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极的新型材料。据针状焦成焦机理,煤焦油和煤焦油沥青作为针状焦生产原料时必须进行预处理将其中的喹啉不溶物等杂质除去。煤系针状焦原料的预处理方法主要包括溶剂法、过滤法、离心分离法、加氢法、改质法及溶剂-加氢法。上述方法均可将煤焦油和煤焦油沥青中的喹啉不溶物降至满足针状焦生产的要求,其中溶剂法中的溶剂-沉降法现已得到工业化应用。     

煤沥青制备针状焦的研究

通过溶剂-离心法净化原料沥青,应用延迟焦化工艺制备针状焦,考察了在聚合过程中QI含量、温度、压力以及时间对成焦的影响.结果表明,原料中QI含量的减少有利于针状结构的生成,当QI含量小于0.1％时能形成大面积的针状结构;适当的温度和压力能使体系的黏度降低,促进气流拉焦作用,在470℃、0.35 MPa条件下得到的针状焦较为理想;充足的反应时间保证小球的充分融并,反应24h体系能融并、重排,形成良好的针状结构.     

煤系针状焦生产用延迟焦化加热炉清焦技术的研究

针对延迟焦化生产中延迟焦化加热炉炉管结焦的现象,研究了现有清焦工艺,提出对于煤系针状焦延迟焦化加热炉采用传统的蒸汽-空气清焦工艺技术是可行的,并给出了具体实施方案与操作要点。     

Investigation of resole, novalac and coal tar pitch blended binder for the production of metallurgical quality formed coke briquettes from coke breeze and anthracite

In order to reduce the cost and also enlarge the solid carbon source suitable for the formed coke production further investigations were conducted to produce formed coke using anthracite which can provide a new and relatively economic abundant raw material suitable for this purpose. The results indicated that, anthracite can also be used for the production of metallurgical quality formed coke, but the tensile strength of the anthracite formed coke were found to be comparatively lower than that of the coke breeze formed coke, 64.6 MPa, 73.2 MPa, respectively, when carbonized at 950 °C for 1 h, due to the decomposition of the volatiles that causes fissures, cracks and new pores. To produce anthracite briquettes of higher tensile strength, either anthracite of lower volatile matter should be used or it should be blended with coke breeze.     

煤系针状焦生产用延迟焦化加热炉清焦技术的研究

针对延迟焦化生产中延迟焦化加热炉炉管结焦的现象,研究了现有清焦工艺,提出对于煤系针状焦延迟焦化加热炉采用传统的蒸汽-空气清焦工艺技术是可行的,并给出了具体实施方案与操作要点。     

石油焦配煤炼焦试验研究

通过对石油焦的特性研究及配煤炼焦试验,考察其对配煤黏结性能及焦炭质量的影响,研究结果表明,添加石油焦会引起煤的黏结指数下降,加入石油焦配煤炼焦会降低焦炭灰分,提高焦炭硫分,降低焦炭冷强度,提高焦炭热强度。     

焦粉替代瘦煤回配技术的经济可行性分析

分析焦粉替代瘦煤回配技术的经济预算过程,从焦化专业技术方面细化投资预算,进而为该技术的实施提供数据基础和投资依据。     

Preparation of natural gas adsorbents from high-sulfur petroleum coke

HSPC (high-sulfur petroleum coke) has been used as precursor in the preparation of natural gas adsorbents with chemical activation. The effects of activating parameters, such as activating temperature and duration, on the pore-structure of adsorbents and methane uptake were investigated systematically in this study. The results show that the adsorbents derived from HSPC have comparable pore-structural characteristics and methane uptake to that derived from LSPC (low-sulfur petroleum coke). As evidenced by methane adsorption measurements, the highest deliverable capacity of methane, 129.7 v/v at 3.5 MPa and 25 °C, is obtained on HSR4 prepared at activating agent/coke mass ratio of 4:1. Furthermore, sulfur distribution analyses show that the sulfur in HSPC was almost removed by chemical activation and that sulfur content of as-synthesized adsorbent was as low as 0.18 wt% for HSR4. This study shows that HSPC could be used potentially as a good precursor to prepare high quality adsorbents with lower cost.     

Relevance of the composition of municipal plastic wastes for metallurgical coke production

This study is concerned with the effects of the composition of mixed plastic wastes on the thermoplastic properties of coal, the generation of coking pressure and the quality of the resulting cokes in a movable wall oven at semipilot scale. The mixed plastic wastes were selected to cover a wide spectrum in the relative proportions of high- and low-density polyethylenes (HDPE and LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). From the results it was deduced that the reduction in Gieseler fluidity in the coal blend is linked to the total amount of polyolefins in the waste. It was also found that these thermoplastics increase the pressure exerted against the wall in the course of the coking process and that coke quality is maintained or even improved. However, when the level of aromatic polymers such PS and PET are increased at the expense of polyolefins, the coking pressure decreases. Thus, the amount of aromatic polymers such as PS and PET in the waste is critical, not only for controlling Gieseler fluidity and coking pressure, but also for avoiding deterioration in coke quality (reactivity towards CO₂CRI and mechanical strength of the partially-gasified coke CSR). An amount of polyolefins in the waste lower than 65 wt.% for a secure coking pressure is established.     

我国煤系针状焦的研究及生产状况

概述了中国煤系针状焦的研究发展过程,讨论了国内煤系针状焦的基础理论研究及工业试验、生产状况,着重介绍了原料预处理、延迟焦化制备生焦和回转窑煅烧的煤系针状焦生产工艺过程,评价了目前国内煤系针状焦的质量和应用状况。     

单种煤细度对焦炭热强度的影响

通过对单种煤细度进行预处理,利用70kg焦炉及配套干熄炉进行试验,在保证焦炭热强度的前提下,确定了预粉碎的煤种及最佳细度范围,研究表明,随着细度的增加,不同细度的瘦煤和气煤对焦炭热强度的影响不同,控制出料细度在60%左右时,配合煤堆密度增大,有利于提高焦炭产量及质量。     

Comparison of flame propagation properties of petroleum coke and coals of different rank

Ignition and flame propagation characteristics of 18 kinds of coal and a petroleum coke were investigated through a laser ignition experiment. Flame stability was strongly influenced by amount of volatile matter and pyrolysis rate. Lean limit of flame propagation was strongly influenced by amount of volatile matter. Flame propagation was observed when pyrolized volatile matter was mixed with surrounding air or oxygen, until the concentration of pyrolized volatile matter reached a constant value. Flame propagation velocity was strongly influenced by pyrolysis rate. As the pyrolysis rate increased, the flame propagation velocity increased. The flame propagation velocity of petroleum coke was higher than that of coal with the same volatile content. The flame propagation of petroleum coke was superior to what was expected based on the volatile content, primarily because the high pyrolysis rate caused a shorter ignition delay than what would be expected given the volatile content. A database for the lean limit of flame propagation was used to develop a flame stability model to estimate lean flammability of a large-scale burner. The model could predict the effect of the coal rank, the particle diameter distribution for lean flammability limit. The estimated lean flammability limit of petroleum coke (volatile content 11.5%) was equal to that of lv bituminous coal with volatile content of about 15%.     

Utilisation of the binders prepared from coal tar pitch and phenolic resins for the production metallurgical quality briquettes from coke breeze and the study of their high temperature carbonization behaviour

To reduce the cost of the formed coke briquettes which can be used as a substitute fuel to the metallurgical coke for the blast furnace from the coke breeze alternative binders and their blends were used. The high temperature behavior was investigated. The binders tested were: the nitrogen blown, air blown coal tar pitch and the blend of air blown coal tar pitch with the phenolic resins blends. The phenolic resin blends were prepared by mixing equal amount of resole and novalac. From the results, nitrogen blowing resulted in the weakest briquettes. The air blowing procedure should be preferred in place of nitrogen blowing for this purpose. When the air blown coal tar pitch was used alone as a binder, the briquettes must be cured at 200 °C for 2 h, then carbonized at a temperature above 670 °C. Since it requires higher temperature at carbonization stage, using air blown coal tar pitch alone as a binder was not economical. Therefore, the briquettes were prepared from the blended binder, containing air blown coal tar pitch and phenolic resins blend. The optimum amount of air blown coal tar pitch was found to be 50% w/w in the blended binder. Curing the briquettes at 200 °C for 2 h was found to be sufficient for producing strong briquettes with a tensile strength of 50.45 MN/m². When these cured briquettes were carbonized at temperatures 470 °C, 670 °C and 950 °C, their strength were increasing continuously, reaching to 71.85 MN/m² at the carbonization temperature of 950 °C. These briquettes can be used as a substitute for the metallurgical coke after curing; the process might not require un-economical high temperature carbonization stage.     

石油焦脱硫技术研究进展

综述了高硫焦的现状,分析了高硫焦对铝用预焙阳极的危害,总结归纳了目前国内外的各项脱硫技术.     

不同吨焦煤耗计算方法的探讨

利用吨焦煤耗的4种估算方法,分别对7m焦炉和7.63m焦炉的吨焦煤耗进行计算。分析表明,干熄焦烧损率对吨焦煤耗影响较大。利用焦炉装煤量和电子秤配煤2种估算方法能较准确地反映实际吨焦煤耗。