EPS混凝土的冲击力学行为及本构模型

采用大直径分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置研究了多种EPS体积掺量的EPS混凝土在不同应变率下的力学行为。分析了平均应变率以及EPS体积掺量对EPS混凝土的冲击力学性能的影响。采用朱-王-唐(ZWT)模型,在试验研究的基础上,建立了EPS混凝土非线性粘弹性本构模型。结果表明：在高应变率条件下,EPS混凝土的动态抗压强度与极限应变随平均应变率的提高近似线性增长,呈现出显著的应变率相关性。随着EPS体积掺量的增加,混凝土的动态抗压强度和弹性模量降低,变形能力得到改善。本构模型提供的理论曲线与试验曲线比较接近,ZWT模型可以较为准确地描述EPS混凝土的高应变率力学行为。     

聚乙烯拉伸应变速率的本构方程改进及运用

目的 对等密度、恒温条件下聚乙烯（PE）在不同应变率下的力学性能进行研究,改进原有本构方程的应变率项。方法 使用万能材料试验机,测量不同拉伸速率下PE的应力-应变曲线,并研究随着应变速率的增加,最大拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的变化趋势;基于Sherwood-Frost本构模型,对经典的热激活机制Seeger模型添加幂函数项,实现应变率与应变的耦合;基于最小二乘法,采用Matlab软件拟合本构模型参数,并将本构方程拟合结果与300,400,500 mm/min速率下的试验数据进行对比。结果 改进后的本构模型拟合数据与试验结果具有更高的吻合度,最大误差为8.12%,出现在300 mm/min的速度条件下。结论 随着拉伸速率的增加,PE材料的最大拉伸强度逐渐增加,断裂伸长率逐渐降低;改进应变率项后,本构模型具有更高的拟合精度,能够为有限元分析提供准确的材料参数。     

Material Model Research on Rubber Vibration Isolators

A viscohyperelastic constitutive model is proposed to describe the mechanical behaviour of vibration isolation rubber under broad-band vibration. This constitutive model comprises two parts： a component with three parameters to characterize the hyperelastic static properties of rubber materials, and the other component incorporating two relaxation time parameters, corresponding to high and low strain rates, respectively, to describe the dynamic response under vibration and impact loadings. Based on this proposed constitutive model, a series of experiments were performed on two types of rubber materials over a wide strain rate range. The results predicted from this model are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

中低应变率加载下弱胶结软岩动力学特性

我国西部侏罗系煤层上覆巨厚白垩系富水软岩,为了解此类软岩在冲击荷载作用下的力学本构关系及损伤演化规律,利用Hopkinson压杆装置对干燥、饱和红砂软岩进行中低应变率下的冲击试验,结果表明:红砂软岩峰值应力、峰值应变均表现出明显的应变率效应,其中峰值应力与应变率呈指数关系;相同应变率下,干燥红砂软岩的强度大于饱和状态,对冲击荷载表现出更强的抵抗能力,但饱和红砂软岩的宏观破坏强度大于干燥状态;低应变率加载下,干燥红砂软岩出现负损伤;结合微观机理分析,低应变率下,水对红砂软岩的弱化作用占据主导地位,随着应变率的增大,在惯性效应和水的Stefan效应共同作用下,饱和红砂软岩的动态强度得到强化;基于Z-W-T模型和应变等效原理,建立了服从Weibull分布的损伤本构方程,经验证能很好的反映红砂软岩的动态本构关系,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

Strain localization of fully dense nanocrystalline Ni sheet

The fully dense electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni sample with dimensions at tens of millimeters was characterized under quasi-static uniaxial tensile load. During testing, the sample exhibited high strength simultaneously with a decrease in tensile strain. To inspect this early failure of the nanocrystalline Ni sample in this article, the strain fields of the sample were quantified with digital image correlation algorithm, and strain localization phenomenon in the form of shear band was captured successfully. Meanwhile, the failure mode and fracture surface of the Ni sample were examined in detail. The results suggest that the shear banding is a main deformation mode in nanocrystalline Ni sample, and it is an important factor to induce the early failure of the sample during plastic deformation.     

Fe-36Ni高温高应变率动态力学性能及其本构关系

为研究Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的动态力学性能及其本构关系,在20～800℃和10-3～104 s-1的应变率内,采用电子万能试验机和高温分离式霍普金森压杆分别对Fe-36Ni因瓦合金进行准静态实验和动态压缩实验,得到其高温、高应变率下的应力-应变曲线.结果表明,Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的流动应力表现出较强的应变率和温度敏感性,随着应变率的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而减小.采用改进应变率项和温度项的Johnson-Cook本构方程拟合了Fe-36Ni因瓦合金在高温、高应变率下的动态塑性本构关系,拟合结果与试验数据吻合很好.     

基于改进后Sherwood-Frost本构模型对EPE冲击模拟

目的为了改进Sherwood-Frost本构模型,提升EPE高速、大变形冲击仿真精度。方法通过万能材料试验机对EPE进行静态压缩试验,获得不同压缩速率下的应力-应变曲线,结合热激活机制Seeger模型与反比例函数模型,对Sherwood-Frost本构模型应变率项进行改进,并用试验验证模型的可靠性;基于改进后的Sherwood-Frost本构模型,以ABAQUS软件为平台,对EPE材料进行冲击模拟仿真,并用试验数据验证仿真的准确性。结果模拟仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好;在冲击高度为1200,1300 mm的条件下,最大加速度误差分别为6%,2.03%。结论改进后的Sherwood-Frost本构模型具有良好的可靠性;基于该模型对EPE进行高速、大变形的冲击仿真,准确性较高。     

泡沫EPS非线性粘弹性本构模型在LS-DYNA空调跌落仿真中的研究

目的 研究泡沫EPS非线性粘弹性本构模型对空调跌落仿真精度的影响。方法 通过动态压缩试验获得泡沫EPS在不同应变率下的应力-应变结果,使用LS-DYNA中的非线性粘弹性本构模型Fu-Chang泡沫准确模拟泡沫在不同应变率下的力学性能,并通过空调跌落仿真进行验证。结果 使用不同应变率下的泡沫EPS非线性粘弹性本构模型进行仿真,空调不同位置的仿真加速度曲线和实际试验加速度曲线相似度在90%以上。结论 不同应变率下的泡沫EPS非线性粘弹性本构模型可以准确模拟EPS泡沫在动态冲击下的材料力学性能,可以更加准确地模拟跌落工况中空调结构的动态反应及泡沫失效状态,提高仿真精度。     

高强钢TRB高温下热流变特性

为了准确仿真高强钢板热冲压成形过程,获得高强钢高温下的材料本构关系模型,利用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机在不同温度和应变速率下对不同厚度的高强钢B1500HS钢板进行了单向拉伸试验,获得各种工艺条件下的应力-应变曲线,并基于变形抗力数学模型,引入板材厚度参数,通过最小二乘法进行数据拟合获得高强钢TRB高温下的材料本构关系.利用试验结果对本构关系模型进行的拟合验证表明,拟合程度较好,说明建立的材料本构关系能很好地描述高强钢TRB在高温下的应力-应变关系.     

X80管线钢的动态力学性能研究

为了研究高钢级管线钢X80的动态力学行为,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(简称SHPB)测量了X80钢在多种应变率(ε=500,1500,2500s-1)下的应变波形,用快速傅里叶变换对波形进行弥散修正,得到在不同应变率下的应力应变关系。基于实验获得的数据,对在有限元商业软件中广泛采用的Johnson-Cook动态强化模型进行拟合,得到X80钢在不同应变率下的Johnson-Cook本构模型的基本参数,计算结果与实验数据基本吻合。根据动态试验获得的数据而确定X80钢的动态本构关系,为研究X80钢高压埋地输气管道在各种冲击载荷作用下的动态响应提供了重要依据。     

钢纤维超高强混凝土动态力学性能

采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对不同纤维体积率的钢纤维超高强混凝土进行不同应变率的冲击压缩试验,结果表明钢纤维超高强混凝土是应变率敏感材料,并测出其应变率敏感阀值,当应变率超过阀值后,钢纤维超高强混凝土的强度、韧度与弹性模量都随纤维体积率的增加而显著提高,在高应变率下,超高强混凝土基体成粉碎性破坏,而钢纤维超高强混凝土呈现出“裂而不散”的破坏形态。     

Statistical Tensile Strength for High Strain Rate of Aramid and UHMWPE Fibers

Technora,madefromaramidfibersandsome whatsimilartothecommonlyknowKevlar,and Ultrahighlyorientedhighmolecularweightpolyeth ylene UHMWPEfibersarealloftenusedinflexible armourapplicationsandhencesubjectedtohighrates ofloading.Theutilizationoftheirreinforcedcom positesarmourincertainballisticapplicationsisin creasinglypreferredoverconventionalrigidmetalar moursystemsbecauseofitssuperiorstrength to weightratioandflexibility.Todate,thedesignand developmentofsuchfabricarmoursystemshave largelybeen…     

Large-Deformation Constitutive Theories for Structural Composites: Rate-Dependent Concepts and Effect of Microstructure

Abstract:  Polymer-based composite materials are widely used in applications subjected to a variety of loading types, including shock and impact loading in the range of hundreds of strain per second. The behaviour of composite laminates loaded at those rates is typically nonlinear and may involve rather large strains to failure. In the present study, the large-deformation characteristics and constitutive representations of structural composites were investigated as functions of strain rate and temperature. A plain-weave vinyl ester composite material was selected for the study. Tensile tests of off-axis coupon specimens were conducted over several orders of strain rates and limited change of temperatures. A three-parameter constitutive model was proposed to model the large-deformation stress–strain relationship. The constitutive model was then used to predict the material response at different strain rates. The model predictions were verified by a different set of tests. The basic concepts and methodologies involved in reducing such data to constitutive equations that can be used in commercial computational codes to enable structural analysis in the presence of large-strain progressive damage under dynamic loading is discussed.     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的应变率敏感特性

采用层合热压实验法将玻璃纤维基毡与聚丙烯薄膜复合制成不同玻纤含量的玻纤增强聚丙烯(GF/PP)复合板材,在不同的加载速率下进行拉伸测试,研究GF/PP复合材料的应变率敏感特性,分析Burgers模型对该材料本构关系拟合预测的可行性。结果表明:GF/PP复合材料在低应变率范围内对应变率是敏感的,随应变率的增加,其断裂应力和抗拉强度增大;随玻璃纤维含量的增加,其所对应的应变率效应反而有所下降。同时,Burgers模型能够有效地拟合预测出该材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线,与实验曲线相比,进一步验证了GF/PP复合材料的应变率敏感特性及其变化趋势。     

强动载荷下焊接钢板力学性能及本构模型研究

为研究强动载荷下船用焊接钢板的力学性能。开展了典型船用焊接钢板母材、焊缝和热影响区的准静态拉伸试验、高温拉伸试验及SHPB动态压缩试验,分析了焊接钢板材料在不同应力状态下的力学行为,基于力学性能试验结果拟合了焊接钢板母材、焊缝和热影响区材料的本构模型。结果表明:准静态条件下,与母材相比,焊缝和热影响区材料的屈服强度与抗拉强度偏大,延伸率偏小;高应变率下,热影响区材料抵抗塑性变形的能力明显强于其他两种材料,且随着应变率的增加抵抗塑性变形的能力呈增强趋势;焊接板母材、焊缝与热影响区材料均表现出应变率效应和温度效应;热影响区是焊接板抗冲击性能相对薄弱的区域。建立的Johnson-Cook模型可以描述强动载荷下焊接钢板的力学性能。     

Effects of transformation twin on Hall–Petch relationship in MnCu alloy

A new constitutive model based on the deformation mechanisms was developed for both bcc and fcc nanocrystalline metals over a wide strain rate range. Nanocrystalline metals were treated as composites consisting of grain interior and grain boundary phases, and the deformation mechanisms and physically based constitutive relations of grain interior and grain boundary phases over a wide strain rate range were analyzed and determined for both fcc and bcc nanocrystalline metals. Based on our recently established phase mixture method, a new mechanical model was built to calculate the stress–strain relations of nanocrystalline metals over a wide strain rate range; and the grain size and porosity effect was considered in the developed model, the predictions keep in good agreements with various experimental data in small plastic strain range, where uniform deformation can be assumed. Further discussion was presented for calculation results and relative experimental observations.     

三种建筑钢筋材料高应变率下拉伸力学性能研究

钢筋混凝土结构除承受静载荷外,在恐怖袭击、燃气管道爆炸等特殊情况下还会承受动态载荷的作用,因此,研究其组成材料之一的钢筋材料在动态载荷作用下的力学性能,对于研究钢筋混凝土结构整体在动态载荷作用下的力学响应有重要意义。该文首先利用旋转盘冲击拉伸试验系统对3种常用建筑钢筋材料(HPB235、HRB335和HRB400)在400 s-1~2000 s-1应变率范围内的动态拉伸力学性能进行试验研究,然后根据试验数据,分析应变率对屈服强度的影响规律,并对常用的Johnson-Cook本构模型进行修正,以获得可以更好描述这3种钢筋材料动态拉伸应力-应变关系的本构模型及相关的材料参数。研究结果表明:3种钢筋材料的屈服应力均随应变率的增大而增大,而静载屈服应力越低的钢筋对应变率越敏感;修正后的Johnson-Cook本构模型能较好地描述3种钢筋材料的动态拉伸应力-应变关系。     

A strain-gradient plasticity theory of bimodal nanocrystalline materials with composite structure

For the purpose of evaluating the mechanical property of bimodal nanocrystalline (nc) materials, a new composite constitutive model comprised of coarse grains evenly distributed in the nc matrix with respect to strain gradient has been developed. Due to their dissimilar properties and mismatch between the two phases, dislocation-controlling mechanism based on the statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) and geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) was analyzed and extended to consider the different influences of two parts in the composite model. We firstly built a stress–strain relation for strain gradient plasticity to predict the effect of grain size distribution on the flow stress. To describe the strain strength quantitatively, a strain-hardened law determined from strain gradient and a nanostructure characteristic length parameter were developed. The strain-hardened law and nanostructure characteristic length parameter were not the same as described in classical strain gradient theory.     

二维C/SiC复合材料准静态和动态拉伸力学性能

采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置和电子万能试验机研究了二维C/SiC复合材料在4种应变率（0.001、0.010、90.000和350.000 s-1）下的拉伸力学性能,计算并验证了动态试验中的应力平衡状态;采用SEM分析了复合材料在不同应变率下的破坏断口和失效机制;建立了复合材料包含损伤和应变率相关的本构方程。结果表明:二维C/SiC复合材料的应力-应变曲线都表现出非线性的特征。随着应变率的增加,二维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度从204 MPa增加到270 MPa,增加了33%,这表明复合材料的拉伸强度具有较强的应变率敏感性。复合材料在准静态和动态加载下表现出不同的破坏模式是由材料内部界面行为的应变率效应造成的。      

陶瓷纤维混凝土冲击力学响应及统计损伤本构模型试验研究

采用Φ100mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置对陶瓷纤维混凝土的动态力学性能进行研究,并验证了试验结果的有效性;基于IPBS模型(修正平行杆模型),建立考虑应变率效应的混凝土单轴受压统计损伤本构模型,模拟陶瓷纤维混凝土的动态损伤破坏过程。结果表明:陶瓷纤维对普通硅酸盐混凝土的增强增韧效果明显,尤其是在高应变率范围内;SHPB试验过程中应力均匀性和恒应变率加载条件得到了较好地满足;动态损伤本构模型提供曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,能够较为准确地描述陶瓷纤维混凝土破坏前的应力应变关系。