光栅投影测量系统三维形貌拼接技术研究

针对尺寸较大或型面复杂的被测物形貌的测量,提出了一种基于投影仪投射标记点和全局控制点的三维形貌拼接方案。方案充分利用光栅投影测量系统的优势,以拼接相机坐标系为中介,将被测物表面在投影系统视觉传感器坐标系下的多视点云坐标转换到全局坐标系下,实现了将投影系统视觉传感器在不同位置、不同角度的测量数据统一到全局坐标系,完成拼接。该方案避免了人工标记点的粘贴,保持了被测物表面的原有形貌,提高了测量效率,同时克服了基于相邻图像重叠拼接中的误差累积问题。此方案方法操作简单,原理可行,精度可满足要求。实验结果表明:拼接的X,Y,Z坐标均方根误差分别为:0.056 mm、0.023 mm、0.165 mm,测量系统的绝对误差为0.33 mm。     

利用控制点提高光度立体技术重建精度研究

基于光度立体技术的原理,使用物体表面方向梯度在局部范围内可以获得三维表面较高的精度,但由于重建过程中存在累积误差,在全局范围内存在偏移或扭曲.为此,提出了利用少量位置信息已知的控制点来校正误差以提高整体测量精度.由激光三角测量获取控制点的精确三维坐标,采用加权最小二乘法和改进的插补面法,得到了物体表面的三维形状.在合成球上的模拟结果表明,改进的插补面法可以更好地提高重建精度.     

基于全局配准累积误差极小的人体RGB-D数据三维重建

针对RGB-D扫描数据获取和人体三维重建过程中存在扫描数据分辨率不高、噪声干扰影响较大、配准误差较大等问题,提出一种基于累积误差极小的RGB-D扫描数据全局配准的人体模型三维重建方法.首先采集人体扫描数据并进行预处理,去除噪声和背景;然后利用基于三维点特征描述符匹配求解局部扫描数据的粗略配准,并通过最近点迭代的方法进行精细配准;再构建局部配准数据加权图,通过最小生成树方法合并局部相邻帧数据来减少全局误差传播的影响,利用环闭合的方法解决累积误差问题并得到全局刚体配准结果;通过对全局刚体配准后的数据依次进行非刚体变换并不断融合配准后数据,解决扫描过程中的移动问题,进一步减少全局累积误差;最后利用全局配准结果和扫描数据中的颜色信息生成融合颜色信息的人体三维重建模型.利用2台Kinect设备扫描获取的人体全方位扫描数据进行实验的结果表明,该方法能够方便、高效地重建具有高度真实感的三维人体,而且重建生成的三维人体测量尺寸与真实人体尺寸之间的误差较小.     

自由曲面视觉测量标志点三维匹配方法研究

提出一种适用于自由曲面视觉测量的标志点三维匹配方法.该方法首先通过编码标志点确定局部测量区域在物体上的初始位置,获得可能匹配点集;然后根据非编码标志点与编码标志点之间的距离、角度、方向等特征,获得全局坐标系与局部坐标系之间的初始转换关系;最后根据此初始转换关系求解最终匹配点集,完成标志点的三维匹配.该方法适用于基于标志...     

基于多模态关系建模的三维形状识别方法

为了充分利用点云和多视图两种模态数据之间的局部空间关系以进一步提高三维形状识别精度,提出一个基于多模态关系的三维形状识别网络,首先设计多模态关系模块(multimodal relation module, MRM),该模块可以提取任意一个点云的局部特征和一个多视图的局部特征之间的关系信息,以得到对应的关系特征.然后,采用由最大池化和广义平均池化组成的级联池化对关系特征张量进行处理,得到全局关系特征.多模态关系模块分为两种类型,分别输出点-视图关系特征和视图-点关系特征.提出的门控模块采用自注意力机制来发现特征内部的关联信息,从而将聚合得到的全局特征进行加权来实现对冗余信息的抑制.详尽的实验表明多模态关系模块可以使网络获得更优的表征能力;门控模块可以让最终的全局特征更具判别力,提升检索任务的性能.所提网络在三维形状识别标准数据集ModelNet40和ModelNet10上分别取得了93.8%和95.0%的分类准确率以及90.5%和93.4%的平均检索精度,在同类工作中处于先进水平.     

基于Gocator的多传感器数据拼接方法研究

点云数据拼接在众多科研领域有着十分广泛的应用。为完整、精确地得到复杂物体的点云数据,提出一种基于Gocator的多传感器数据拼接方法。该方法需要对多传感器系统进行两两校准以获取各传感器坐标系与基准坐标系之间的空间变换关系,进而将各传感器自身坐标系下的数据转换到基准坐标系下,实现多传感器数据的拼接。对于双传感器数据拼接,首先通过两只传感器同时拍摄单孔标定块,利用最大距离法提取标定块轮廓坡口特征点,根据坐标转换原理,初步确定了两传感器间的旋转平移关系;在此基础上采用迭代最近点(ICP)算法进一步优化确定两传感器之间的最优变换矩阵,以得到精确的拼接关系。实验室搭建双传感器钢轨廓形检测平台对该算法进行验证,实验结果表明,多次拼接得到的钢轨廓形与标准模板误差不超过0.2mm,完全符合钢轨廓形允许误差要求,该算法具有较高精度和稳定性。     

基于标志点的三维点云自动拼接技术

为实现三维点云的自动拼接,提出一种标志点的三维点云自动拼接方法.根据标志点的空间特征不变性,匹配3个标志点,利用三点法求取坐标变换矩阵,对目标标志点集合进行坐标变换;采用k-d树搜索最接近标志点,设置距离阈值排除错误标志点对,通过哈希表替换坐标变换后的标志点;运用最小二乘法求解点云的变换矩阵,进行点云拼接.三维拼接实验结果表明,该方法拼接精度高、错误率低,能够实现快速、自动拼接.     

任意视角的多视图立体匹配系统

为了得到高精度深度图,通过特征点提取与匹配、计算基础矩阵F、引导互匹配、捆集调整等一系列技术,求出每幅视图在同一空间坐标系下的高精度摄像机矩阵P.为任意角度的多个视图建立可扩展的主框架,不需要图像矫正.基于图像坐标和自动计算出的视差范围建立三维网络,为每条边分配适当的权值,把多视图立体匹配问题转化为网络最大流问题.算法保证了高准确率和平滑性,实验结果表明此方法适用于三维模型重建.     

多特征扩展信息滤波在RGB-D点云数据中的应用

针对RGB-D相机获取的数据在全局拼接中由于单点精度不高而导致误差累积的情况,提出一种多特征扩展信息滤波模型(multi feature extended information flter,MEIF)。利用迭代最近点(iterative closest points,ICP)算法获取场景内的点特征,利用区域面生长法平面拟合得到的空间平面参数作为面特征,构建多特征加权扩展信息滤波模型,实现对RGB-D相机数据的全局拼接。实验证明,该方法对误差累积的消弱有一定的作用,对RGB-D数据在室内场景生成的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

基于渐进迭代逼近的矢量地图曲线化简方法

矢量地图化简在地形仿真、制图综合等研究中具有重要应用。针对已有算法难以兼顾化简曲线 的整体形态和局部特征点精度的问题,提出一种基于 B 样条曲线渐进迭代逼近(PIA)的矢量地图曲线化简方法。 首先筛选出能保持曲线轮廓、具有最大信息量的特征点列,将其作为初始控制点列,得到相应的非均匀 3 次 B 样条拟合曲线;然后根据拟合曲线与特征点的误差进行迭代调整控制点,逐步得到一系列逼近曲线,直至最终 满足精度要求。实验表明,PIA 方法不仅保持了化简曲线的整体几何形态,而且能在满足全局误差要求的情况 下,实现特征点处的高精度逼近。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。