3种非极性聚合物材料共混改性PA6

制备不同配比HDPE/PA6、UHMWPE/PA6和PTFE/PA6共混复合材料.对它们的吸水性和力学性能进行测试和分析,用显微镜对拉伸断面进行微观观察.结果表明:随共混材料含量增加,3种PA6基复合材料的吸水率比纯PA6明显减少,其中HDPE/PA6复合材料阻水性最好,其吸水率是纯PA6的25%;3种复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度有不同程度的降低,冲击强度得到提高,HDPE质量含量为20%时HDPE/PA6的伸长率出现最大值,比纯PA6高出48%.增容剂对3种复合材料的相容性有一定的改善效果,HDPE/PA6改善效果最好.     

PA6/SANMAH/GF复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机通过熔融共混制备了尼龙6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈／顺丁烯二酸酐）共聚物／玻璃纤维（PA6／SANMAH／GF）复合材料，测试了材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、缺口冲击强度、热变形温度、吸水率、熔点和熔融焓，并与GF增强PA6（PA6／GF）复合材料和GF增强PA6／（苯乙烯／丙烯腈）共聚物（PA6／SAN／GF）复合材料进行了性能对比。结果表明，在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：3—30时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度与PA6／GF复合材料相当，但高于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料，弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量高于PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料．缺口冲击强度高于PA6／GF复合材料，但低于PA6／SAN／GF复合材料；在PA6与SANMAH的质量比为100：40时，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度明显降低；在整个试验范围内，PA6／SANMAH／GF复合材料的热变形温度比PA6／GF和PA6／SAN／GF复合材料低4～7℃；吸水率随着SAN-MAH用量的增加而逐渐减小。     

无机颗粒/碳纤维共增强聚酰胺6复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用熔融挤出法制备出无机颗粒(IP)增强聚酰胺6(PA6)复合材料,使用叠层模压法制备了IP/碳纤维(CF)共增强PA6复合材料(PA6/IP/CF)。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机等研究了IP的形貌和含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当滑石粉(TALC)的添加量达到10%(质量分数,下同)时,PA6/CF/TALC复合材料的各项力学性能达到最大值,弯曲强度为374.6 MPa、剪切强度为58.7 MPa、冲击强度为76.9 kJ/m~2;当玻璃微珠(GB)的添加量达到15%时,PA6/CF/GB复合材料的各项力学性能达到最大值,弯曲强度为404.4 MPa、剪切强度为66.7 MPa、冲击强度为86.5 kJ/m~2;GB相较于TALC对复合材料的增强效果更好,使复合材料的综合力学性能得到进一步提高。     

纤维增强PA6/HDPE复合材料的性能

制备不同配比的碳纤维(CF)、玻璃纤维(GF)增强PA6/HDPE复合材料.对其摩擦磨损性能和力学性能进行测试,用显微镜对复合材料拉伸断面进行观察.结果表明:碳纤和玻纤对PA6/HDPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能均有一定的改善作用,其中碳纤质量含量为3％时对PA6/HDPE复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的改善效果较好,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度比未加纤维的PA6/HDPE分别提高了21.6％、38.8％和40.5％;其100 N和200 N载荷下的磨损量分别为未加纤维的PA6/HDPE的71.5％和75.6％.     

高性能碳纤维增强尼龙10T复合材料制备与性能

以半芳香族尼龙聚对苯二甲酰葵二胺(PA10T)为基体树脂,采用碳纤维(CF)增强改性的方式制备高性能CF增强PA10T复合材料,研究不同质量分数的CF对PA10T/CF复合材料力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜对PA10T/CF复合材料的断面形貌进行分析,结合X射线衍射分析和差式扫描量热分析对复合材料的熔融、结晶过程和晶体结构进行分析,采用热重分析测试了复合材料的热稳定性。结果表明,CF的加入显著提高了PA10T/CF复合材料力学性能,当CF质量分数为30%,PA10T/CF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别达到253,360 MPa和20.1 GPa,比纯PA10T的性能分别提高216%,323%和675%。CF在复合材料结晶过程中起到异相成核作用,为结晶过程提供大量晶核,CF诱导α晶型PA10T晶态结构发生变化;同时也对分子链的运动折叠产生阻碍,导致晶粒生长不完善出现晶粒细化现象。加入CF后,复合材料结晶温度提高,结晶度随CF含量提高呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,同时热稳定性提高,当CF质量分数为10%时,复合材料热分解起始温度及失重50%的温度分别比纯PA10T提高10....     

PA6／OMMT／SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

以天然蒙脱土为原料，11-氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土层间的阳离子进行交换制备OMMT，用原位聚合法制备PA6／OMMT／SiO2纳米复合材料，用X射线衍射仪、FT-IR光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等对OMMT、纳米复合材料的结构及力学性能进行表征。结果发现，添加3％（质量含量，下同）OMMT的PA6／OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量较纯PA6分别提高了19％、13．8％、14％；而纳米SiO2的加入使纳米复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度、刚性和韧性得到提高的同时，明显改善了蒙脱土使纳米复合材料缺口冲击强度下降的趋势，当纳米SiO2含量为1％时，缺口冲击强度提高了近33．5％。     

尼龙66/纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙66／纳米SiO2复合材料，并对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能以及拉伸断面形态进行了研究。结果表明，随着纳米SiO2含量的增加，复合材料的拉伸强度在纳米SiO2质量分数为3％时达到最大．较纯尼龙66提高7．6％；复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加而增加，在纳米SiO2质量分数为4％时，比纯尼龙的简支梁缺口冲击强度提高51．3％。复合材料储能模量和损耗模量也较纯尼龙66有所增加；复合材料的断面出现明显的塑性变形。     

三维编织碳纤维尼龙复合材料的研究

根据碱催化阴离子聚合原理，用液态原位聚合方法制备了尼龙／三维编织碳纤维复合材料（PA／C3D），介绍其成型工艺过程，测试并分析了PA／C3D复合材料的力学性能及影响因素。结果表明，PA／C3D复合材料具有比长碳纤维增强尼龙（PA／CL）复合材料高的冲击强度和剪切强度，其弯曲性能低于PA／CL复合材料。碳纤维空气氧化处理后制备的PA／C3D复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量及平面剪切强度均有所提高，但冲击强度下降。     

体育器材用CFRPA6复合材料的制备及其性能

采用碳纤维(CF)改性聚酰胺(PA)6,从而获得PA 6/CF复合材料。结果表明:CF被浓硝酸氧化后,表面会引入碳氮、碳氧等极性基团,增加了PA 6与CF的界面反应活性;CF经浓硝酸处理后表面有许多沟槽出现,增大的表面积对PA 6与CF间机械锁合有利;随着浓硝酸处理CF时间的延长,复合材料的悬臂梁缺口冲击强度略有提高,拉伸强度提高较大;CF被过度氧化时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度均降低;经浓硝酸氧化处理后,增强了CF界面黏结效果,CF被PA 6紧密包覆,断裂时两者有黏结现象发生;未经浓硝酸处理的样条在纤维拔出后会留下大量空洞,经浓硝酸处理后CF表面极性基团增加,提高了CF与基体树脂的黏结强度。     

聚酰胺6／玻璃纤维复合材料的界面黏接作用研究

以N-丁基对甲苯磺酰胺（BTSA）、N-环己基对甲苯磺酰胺（CTSA）、间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠（5-SSIPA）为改性剂，通过双螺杆挤出机制备聚酰胺6（PA6）／玻璃纤维（GF）复合材料。研究结果表明：三种助剂都能改善界面黏接性能，提高GF在基体中分散程度；PA6／GF／5-SSIPA复合材料性能提高最为明显，与PA6／GF相比，其干态拉伸强度提高了21．3％，弯曲强度及模量分别提高了40．5％、60．1％，相同条件下的吸水率从7．3％降低到4．7％。热重分析（TG）结果显示：PA6／GF／5-SSIPA的热稳定性要好于PA6／GF。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。