一种CMOS电流控制振荡器的分析与设计

提出了一种结构简单的CMOS电流控制模式振荡器.该电路充分利用系统内部基准电流源产生的电流信号对电容进行充放电,在5 V电源电压下,经过控制电路作用后,上升时间和下降时间非常小,使产生的输出振荡波形更接近理想矩形波;通过调节基准源电流信号或者电路中电容值的大小,可以调节振荡输出波形的频率和占空比.     

LED汽车前照灯驱动电路设计与仿真

随着大功率LED性价比的提高,输出光流量的增加,使LED应用在汽车前照灯成为可能。在输入电压在10～14V之间变化,负载采用8颗700mA大功率白光LED的条件下确定驱动方式、拓扑结构和调光方式,设计一种基于LTC3783芯片PWM控制LED亮度的恒流I。ED汽车前照灯驱动电路,并用LTspiceIV软件对电路进行了仿真。结果表明,输入电压在10～14V变化时输出电流为一个710mA均值,有0．7％纹波的电流,电流精度为2．1％,输出电压为28．6V,输出功率为20w,电路转换效率为91％。有PWM信号输入时,电路输出一个与PWM信号相同占空比的电流。通过调节PWM信号的占空比实现LED亮度的控制。     

基于AVR的新型LED无线智能调光系统设计

设计了一种基于AVR单片机的LED智能无线调光系统。该系统驱动电源部分采用高度集成反激型电源拓扑结构,采用MAX16802作为LED的恒流驱动器,调光部分采用ATmeagel6单片机作为控制核心,利用AVR单片机定时器的精确定时来产生占空比可调的PWM信号对LED灯进行调光。无线控制模块采用体积小、成本低、功耗小的红外遥控,实验结果显示所设计的LED调光系统效率高、满足大功率LED照明的电压电流工作要求,具有良好的无线调光功能。     

一种用于LED驱动的恒流控制电路设计

提出一种用于LED驱动的恒流控制电路,通过对一个基准电流进行放大,得到LED的输出电流;通过改变基准电流的大小,可以按比例改变输出电流的大小,即实现LED驱动的模拟调光功能.该电路对基准电流进行2000倍的放大,基准电流可以在5～110 μA的范围内变化,能满足常规LED驱动芯片模拟调光功能的要求.仿真结果表明,该电路产生的LED输出电流误差小于0.03％,对温度敏感性小,能在较大温度范围内保持正常工作,且设计了相关的修调电路,使电路的匹配性更好、精度更高.     

采用自适应滞环控制的LED恒流驱动芯片

设计了一种降压型LED恒流驱动芯片。该芯片采用电流滞环控制技术对输出电流进行恒流控制,实现输出高达2 MHz的开关频率。通过比较外部反馈电阻上的压降与芯片内部的滞环电压,使输出电流的波形为滞环变化三角波。采用了全新的自适应滞环电压产生电路,以补偿芯片内部的延时,实现了在2 MHz的开关频率下小于3%的恒流精度。该LED恒流驱动芯片采用ASMC 0.35 μm 5 V/60 V BCD工艺,工作电源电压范围为5~60 V,最高工作频率为2 MHz,典型平均输出电流为700 mA。该芯片具有PWM调光功能,通过DIM信号的占空比来调节LED的亮度。     

高亮度LED的高效率电流驱动电路

本文介绍调整高亮度LED电流的简单电路.它包括一个流行的高集成降压开关稳压器,此开关稳压器能精确地控制LED电流.MAX5035是工作在125KHz固定频率的DC/DC转换器,其宽范围的输入电压(7.5V～76V)特别适合于汽车应用.对于亮度控制,它能实现模拟(线性调光)或低频占空比调制(PWM调光).     

手机控制的调光调色的LED灯的设计

阚述一种通过手机蓝牙遥控大功率的可调光调色照明LED的软、硬件设计。手机蓝牙作为客户端,与单片机控制板的蓝牙模块HC-06通信,产生四路可调占空比的PWM信号,控制大功率LED驱动电路。通过采用PWM光技术,用一路PwM波调节白色LED灯实现调光,用三路嗍波调节大功率全彩RGBLED灯实现DIY调色。客户端采用Echpse开发环境,android编程,服务端采用单片机产生控制信号控制LEDE电路,双方通过串口仿真协议进行通信。实验结果表明,单片机可以接收手机遥控信号并灵活地进行O～100％的LED的亮度调节,调光亮度为100级和全色LED的DIY调色,调色有10027种。     

PIC10F20X系列单片机的四例应用

基于空间受到限制的电路中,寻求实现智能化系统管理与控制的目的,通过给出:LED的变闪灯驱动、医用输液监视、电热剪调控、高亮LED亮度调光共四例应用电路设计,在设计中采用PIC10F20X系列单片机,通过软件产生PWM控制信号、间歇式电源供电与测试点检测过程管理,说明在定时控制、PWM信号产生、I/O监控、电池供电下能耗控制方面的应用方法.从而实现了高亮LED调光电路PWM信号占空比1%～99%以上控制、医用输液监视器电池使用寿命延长4倍以上等技术需求.     

一种带有软启动与欠压锁定电路的新型可调光LED驱动器

本文提出了一种基于电流PWM模式DC-DC转换器的全集成LED驱动器。设计了一个软启动电路,用以消除启动瞬间的浪涌电路与过冲电压。此外,为了调整LED的亮度但不产生色散,同时获得较宽的调光范围和较高的效率,设计了一个PWM调光电路。另外,设计了一个内部补偿网络,用来消除占空比大于50%时产生的次谐波振荡,以保证LED驱动器的环路稳定性。UVLO电路保证了LED驱动器在输入电压变化时的可靠性。LED驱动器采用标准的0.5 μm CMOS工艺生产。实验结果表明：LED的亮度可被一个片外的PWM信号调整,在较宽的调光范围内。在全负载变化范围内,电感电流以及输出电流在启动时都平滑上升。当输入电压低于2.18V芯片被锁定,典型的启动时间为137μs。     

提供64级对数调光的白光LED驱动器

图1所示电路是为需要多级对数调光白光LED的便携式电源而设计的.该电路依靠3.3V电源驱动多达4个白光LED,并调节LED总电流,调节范围为1 mA～106 mA,共64级,每级1dB.该驱动器是一个电荷泵,它建立电流ISET(来自IC3的SET引脚)的镜像,以便产生流过每一个LED的(215·ISET±3%)电流.内部电路使SET引脚保持在0.6V.为了控制LED亮度,运算放大器IC2监视数字电位计IC1的高侧电压和动能点电压之间的电压差.然后,运算放大器放大该电压,放大倍数等于增益值,用以设置最大输出电流.电位计的W1端子的零电阻对应于最小LED电流,因此对应于最低亮度.由于SET引脚电压固定在0.6V,因此R5左侧的任何电压变化都会改变ISET,由此引起的LED电流的变化则会改变LED的亮度.R5设置最大LED电流:R5=215×0.6/ILED(DESIRED),其中ILED是流过一只LED的电流.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.