基于小波的彩色序列图象压缩编码

此文提出了一种基于小波变换的运动估计算法，时间复杂度比常规算法降低了一个数量级，同时在估值精度上可与常规算法媲美。利用更佳频率分辨率小波分解处理运动补偿余量误差善了复现图象质量。实验结果表明，该算法在高压缩比情况下图象复现质量显著优于ＭＰＥＧ－２，具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种基于冗余小波变换的DT网格运动估计和运动补偿方法

网格划分和网格顶点的运动估计是基于不规则网格的视频压缩技术的关键。为了进一步提高网格运动估计和运动补偿的效果,在综合比较现有冗余小波变换域运动估计方法和适用规则网格的EMRMC算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于不规则网格的运动估计和运动补偿算法,即在冗余小波变换域提取特征点和运动潜在区,网格顶点的运动估计采用结合运动潜在区的在时域进行块匹配的运动估计和运动补偿方法,而运动补偿则通过三角形仿射变换完成。同时还给出了冗余小波变换域提取运动潜在区的计算模板。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法在补偿效果方面较前两种方法得到了改进。     

基于区域分割的小波分解运动补偿编码算法

为了提高视频运动估值的速度和运动矢量编码的效率，提出了一种基于区域分割的小波分解运动补偿的视频编码算法，该算法的几个核心部分的特点如下：（1）运动估值部分，在基本的可变块多分辨率运动估值算法的基础上，充分利用了小波分解后各子带所表征的运动结构相关性，因而提高了运动矢量的编码效率，同时提出了基于区域分割的多分辨率运动估值算法，因而在有效减少运动估值时间消耗的同时，进一步提高了运动矢量的编码效率；（2）在量化部分，提出了一种基于人的视觉系统的量化方法；（3）采用改进的高效的零树小波编码算法对帧内和帧间信息进行编码，实验结果表明，所提出的算法是有效的。     

基于小波域的视频压缩编码MRME算法的研究

小波变换将视频帧分解为一系列的不同频带的子图像,在该方法中,高分辨率的运动矢量由低分辨率的运动矢量预测,并且在每一步都要进行矢量修正.为了进一步提高运动补偿的效率,提出了一种只对运动区域进行运动补偿的多分辨率运动补偿(MRME)算法,根据当前帧和参考帧小波系数,运动区域由自适应的运动检测算法得到,实验结果表明,这种方法在运算时间、信噪比和码长度方面都得到了令人满意的结果.     

序列图象编码系统中基于小波变换的运动估计与运动补偿方法

提出了一种基于小波变换的块大小可变的多分辨率运动估计方法（ＶＢＭＲＭＥ），以减少图象间的时间冗余。首先估计最高层子图象的运动矢量，低层子图象的运动矢量由高层子图象的运动矢量经细化导出，子图象内每一块的大小随小波分解层数而变化，这能大幅度地减少搜索和匹配时间。     

基于运动补偿的三维小波视频编码

提出了一种新的基于运动补偿的三维小波视频编码方案。通过对原始图象序列沿着运动轨迹进行时间维小波分解以及空间上的二维小波分解，得到不同的时间－空间三维频率子带。然后，将这些子带中的小波系数构成三维方向等级树结构，并采用改进的ＳＰＩＨＴ零树编码算法进行压缩。实验表明，此方法不仅提高了视频编码效率，而且易于进行码率控制，以及实现时间、空间分辨率上的可伸缩编码     

数学形态学在运动序列图象压缩中的应用

基于运动补偿的编码算法在运动图象压缩中得到非常广泛的研究和应用。该文提出一种基于数学形态学形态变换的运动补偿编码方法,通过形态变换确定对宏块中的不规则小块是否进行分割,以运动矢量比特数的增加换取帧间位移误差场（DFD）能量的大大降低,从而达到了提高压缩比（或相同压缩比下提高图象质量）的目的。     

一种基于冗余小波变换的快速运动估计算法

由于冗余小波变换克服了离散小波变换的移变性,在冗余小波域进行运动估计可以达到很好的效果,其缺点是算法的时间复杂度过高。在分析视频序列的运动特性和已有的运动估计算法的基础上,提出一种快速的基于冗余小波变换的运动估计算法。在冗余小波域提取潜在运动区域并对图像块的运动剧烈程度进行划分,在此基础上对不同类型的图像块采取不同的搜索策略,从而减少了运动估计中不必要的搜索。实验结果表明,该方法较经典的基于冗余小波变换的运动估计算法在时间复杂度方面具有优势。     

基于小波变换的运动分析及其应用

对捕获的运动数据进行编辑处理 ,是生成新的复杂人体动画和提高运动捕获数据重用性的关键 ,但目前大多数运动编辑技术不具备对运动进行高层控制处理的能力 ,为此 ,提出了一种基于小波变换的运动编辑新算法 ,即将小波变换引入运动编辑 ,并对运动信号进行多分辨率分析 ,从而实现了运动特征增强、运动融合及运动特征提取与综合 .实验结果表明 ,该算法非常适合对运动特征进行处理 ,由于其能够在高层次上对运动进行有效的编辑 ,因而提高了动画师的工作效率 .     

一种快速多分辨率运动估计算法

本文提出了一种快速多分辨率运动估计算法基于内容的快速多分辨率运动估计算法.它充分利用了运动矢量在空间相邻块和分层父子块之间的相关性,缩小运动搜索范围,降低了运算复杂度.该算法在搜索过程中根据图象的内容(运动类型)设置阈值进行灵活处理,提高了块匹配的搜索速度.该算法具有基于内容搜索的特点.实验结果表明,该算法减少了搜索次数,在保持几乎相同的重构图象质量下,较DS、MRMCS等算法搜索速度快.     

一种基于小波分析的多分辨运动补偿视频编码器的设计

为了在甚低比特率下实现对数字视频的有效压缩和编码,提出了一种混合的多分辨运动补偿零树视频编码方案。在该编码方案中,运动矢量的获取采用了可变块大小的多分辨运动估计算法,运动估算在小波域中进行。编码器的核心部分是同基于内容的自适应量化方法相结合的预测误差帧的小波零树编码,它产生了一种具有嵌入特征的比特流,从而为精确的速率控制和基于内容的位流调节提供了可能。基于上述编码方案的实验表明:在甚低比特率下,所提出的编码方案在峰值信噪比和恢复视频的主观质量方面都具有较好的性能。     

Segmenting Traffic Scenes from Grey Level and Motion Information

This paper is concerned with an efficient estimation and segmentation of 2D motion from image sequences, with the focus on traffic monitoring applications. In order to reduce the computational load to achieve real-time implementation, the proposed approach makes use of simplifying assumptions that the camera is stationary, and that the projection of vehicles motion on the image plane can be approximated by translation. We show that satisfactory results can be achieved even under such apparently restrictive assumptions. The use of 2D motion analysis and the pre-segmentation stage significantly reduces the computational load, and the region-based motion estimator gives robustness to noise and changes in the illumination conditions.     

Real-time Unsupervised Segmentation of human whole-body motion and its application to humanoid robot acquisition of motion symbols

An interactive loop between motion recognition and motion generation is a fundamental mechanism for humans and humanoid robots. We have been developing an intelligent framework for motion recognition and generation based on symbolizing motion primitives. The motion primitives are encoded into Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which we call “motion symbols”. However, to determine the motion primitives to use as training data for the HMMs, this framework requires a manual segmentation of human motions. Essentially, a humanoid robot is expected to participate in daily life and must learn many motion symbols to adapt to various situations. For this use, manual segmentation is cumbersome and impractical for humanoid robots. In this study, we propose a novel approach to segmentation, the Real-time Unsupervised Segmentation (RUS) method, which comprises three phases. In the first phase, short human movements are encoded into feature HMMs. Seamless human motion can be converted to a sequence of these feature HMMs. In the second phase, the causality between the feature HMMs is extracted. The causality data make it possible to predict movement from observation. In the third phase, movements having a large prediction uncertainty are designated as the boundaries of motion primitives. In this way, human whole-body motion can be segmented into a sequence of motion primitives. This paper also describes an application of RUS to AUtonomous Symbolization of motion primitives (AUS). Each derived motion primitive is classified into an HMM for a motion symbol, and parameters of the HMMs are optimized by using the motion primitives as training data in competitive learning. The HMMs are gradually optimized in such a way that the HMMs can abstract similar motion primitives. We tested the RUS and AUS frameworks on captured human whole-body motions and demonstrated the validity of the proposed framework.     

一种自适应运动估值视频代码转换的新方法

针对窄带网络的视频信号传输问题,分析了传统视频代码转换帧速率转换时,由于运动矢量非最佳化所造成的图象质量下降的原因,并提出了一种基于量化误差的自自动化运动矢量模型,从而减小了搜索域,使最佳化输出运行矢量能进行快速运动估值;同时根据灰度系统理论,提出了一种有效的灰度预测搜索方法,另外,又根据DCT系数理论模型。采用自适应快速视频编码方法,进一步提高了编码速度,实验结果表明：该方法不仅改善了视频图象质量,而且计算复杂度也大大减小。     

Multiresolution video object extraction fitted to scalable wavelet-based object coding

To enable content based functionalities in video processing algorithms, decomposition of scenes into semantic objects is necessary. A semi-automatic Markov random field based multiresolution algorithm is presented for video object extraction in a complex scene. In the first frame, spatial segmentation and user intervention determine objects of interest. The specified objects are subsequently tracked in successive frames and newly appeared objects/regions are also detected. The video object extraction algorithm includes discrete wavelet transform decomposition multiresolution Markov random field (MRF)-based spatial segmentation with emphasis on border smoothness at different resolutions, and an MRF-based backward region classification that determines the tracked objects in the scene. Finally, a motion constraint, embedded in the region classifier, determines the newly appeared objects/regions and completes the proposed algorithm towards an efficient video segmentation algorithm. The results are applicable for generic segmentation applications, however the proposed multiresolution video segmentation algorithm supports scalable object-based wavelet coding in particular. Moreover, compared to traditional object extraction algorithms, it produces smoother and more visually pleasing shape masks at different resolutions. The proposed effective multiresolution video object extraction method allows for larger motion, better noise tolerance and less computational complexity     

River channel segmentation in polarimetric SAR images: Watershed transform combined with average contrast maximisation

This publication presents a computer method allowing river channels to be segmented based on SAR polarimetric images. Solutions have been proposed which are based on a morphological approach using the watershed segmentation and combining regions by maximising the average contrast. The image processing methods were developed so that their computational complexity is as low as possible, which is of particular importance in analysing high resolution SAR/polarimetric SAR images, where it has a measurable impact on the total segmentation time. What is more, compared to the existing solutions known from the literature review: (1) in the proposed approach, there is no need to execute further steps necessary to eliminate objects (i.e. background components) located outside the river channel from the image as a result of the segmentation carried out, (2) there is no need to sample the entire image and carry out a pixel–wise classification to prepare the segmentation process. If the steps listed in items (1) – (2) are performed, they can, unfortunately, extend the segmentation time. The experiments completed on images acquired from the ALOS PALSAR satellite for different regions of the world have shown a high quality of the segmentations carried out and a high computational efficiency compared to state–of–the art methods. Consequently, the proposed method can be used as a useful tool for monitoring changes in river courses and adopted in expert and intelligent systems used for analysing remote sensing data.     

A pattern based PSO approach for block matching in motion estimation

Block matching motion estimation is a popular method in developing video coding applications. A new algorithm has been proposed for reducing the number of search points using a pattern based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for motion estimation. The conventional particle swarm optimization has been modified to provide accurate solutions in motion estimation problems. This leads to very low computational cost and good estimation accuracy. Due to the center biased nature of the videos, the proposed approach uses an initial pattern to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. Simulation results show that improvements over other fast block matching motion estimation algorithms could be achieved with 31%～63% of search point reduction, without degradation of image quality.     

一种基于Kalman滤波的视频对象跟踪方法

为了更加准确地预测对象的位置和运动，利用刚体运动模型导出最佳Kalman系数，通过Kalman反馈滤波器对Moscheni等人提出的视频对象分割与跟踪算法进行改进，提出了一种将离散Kalman滤波技术用于视频序列的对象跟踪方法。这种方法可用于有关场景描述的各种应用领域中，如在机器视觉的研究中，对动态场景进行分析与理解；在基于对象的视频编码中（如MPEG-4），对视频对象进行分割后，分别进行编码，从而改善编码的可分级性及编码效率。实验结果表明，采用这种方法可以有效地改善时间-空间分割和目标跟踪，有助于更好地理解动态场景，并表现出良好的鲁棒性。