基于DCT图像编码法的比较和分析

ＤＣＴ变换是图像压缩中普遍采用的基本方法,但在高压缩比情况下方块效应非常明显,为克服这一缺陷,本文对ＤＣＴ变换、零树编码和层式ＤＣＴ变换进行了分析比较,以期得到一种高压缩比下有效消除方块效应的图像压缩算法。     

减少JPEG压缩图象方块效应的小波域图象增强

低比特率ＪＰＥＧ压缩图象往往产生严重的方块效应。利用小波分析良好的去噪和边缘检测特性,本文提出一种减少ＪＰＥＧ压缩图象中方块效应的有效算法。计算机仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效地改善解码图象的视觉质量。     

基于感知度量的分形编码

传统的分形编码利用最小均方差准则（ＭＭＳＥ）来度量图象子块的变换匹配，未能充分利用人眼的视觉特征。本文提出了基于人眼视觉模型的分形编码方案。算法中，按视觉上的差异对图象子块进行分类；由“视觉最相似”的准则确定最佳匹配的域块，为此，相似匹配转换到ＤＣＴ域进行，导出了图象块的相似匹配在ＤＣＴ域的形式；算法进一步通过自适应误差校正来消除解码图象中的方块效应。解码图象的视觉质量有了明显的改善。实验结果证实了算法的有效性。     

一种用于MPEG的IDCT算法

离散余弦变换（ＤＣＴ）及其逆变换（ＩＤＣＴ）广泛应用于图像编码系统中，在本文中，我们提出了一种针对ＭＰＥＧ特点的ＩＤＣＴ的实现算法，根据ＭＰＥＧ中ＤＣＴ系数的分布特性和ＩＤＣＴ算法的对称性质，我们可以采用同一运算结构计算不同的频率分量，从而减小系统的实现复杂度，测试结果表明，当采用该算法时，在运算速度下降约１４％的情况下，ＩＤＣＴ的ＶＬＳＩ实现规模约下降为１／３。     

图象块编码—分类的方法

提出了一个基于ＤＣＴ和二维多项式近似的块分类编码算法。在该算法中，原始图象被分割成互不覆盖的８×８子块。通过依次地利用灰度局部方差、二维多项式近似误差和图象信号的空间频率分布，把图象块分为均匀、平滑、粗糙和细节４类。均匀块和平滑块分别采用零阶和一阶多项式近似。粗糙和细节块先进行ＤＣＴ变换，然后对其ＤＣＴ系数量化后采用改进的游程编码表示。实验结果表明该算法具有良好的性能。在未采用熵编码为编码码流作后处理的情况下，性能仍优于ＪＰＥＧ标准。     

基于模糊联想神经网络分类器的JPEG彩色图象压缩编码

基于模糊联想神经网络分类器的ＪＰＥＧ彩色图象压缩编码尹捷，王煦法（中国科学技术大学电子技术部合肥２３００２６）关键词：模糊，神经网络，ＤＣＴ变换，ＪＰＥＧ图象压缩．工引言ＪＰＥＧ图象压缩中采用了视觉量化技术，即根据人眼视觉特性对不同频率的变换系数进行...     

减少JPEG压缩图象方法效应的小波域图象增强

低比特率ＪＰＥＧ压缩图象往往产生严重的广声效应。利用小波分析良好去噪和边缘检测特性,本文提出一种减少ＪＩＰＥＧ压缩图象澡方块效应的有效算法。计算机仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效地改善解码图象的视觉质量。     

不变味儿的“高压锅”——JPEG图象压缩工具专辑

目前在因特网上应用最广泛的图片格式就是ＧＩＦ和ＪＰＥＧ了;查看一下网上各种照片的属性,你会发现它们几乎全是 ＪＰＥＧ格式。尽管我们知道, ＪＰＥＧ格式的图片采用的是一种有损压缩算法,压缩后的图象会出现一定程度上的失真（即“毛边”现象）,但我们还是喜欢用它。这是因为在目前的静止图象格式中ＪＰＥＧ的压缩比是最高的──仅为其ＳＭＰ原图象大小的十分之一左右！这使得在网上传送图片不再那么困难,浏览图片较多的网页时等待的时间也不再那么漫长。但是,ＪＰＥＧ图象能不能再作进一步的压缩呢？通常认为ＪＰＥＧ图象的压缩比已经较高,进一步的压缩容易使图象产生严重的失真而丧失其使用价值。其实不然, ＪＰＥＧ图象的再压缩还有“戏”！这不,我们现在就用这些不变味道的“高压锅”为你奉上一桌 ＪＰＥＧ压缩套餐,希望能从中找到适合你口味的“佳肴”！     

基于小波系数零树结构的分形预测图象编码

提出了一种基于小波系数零树结构的分形预测图象编码方法,首先按照零树结构在同方向不同分辨率的各个子带图象上确定要预测的图象块（Ｒａｎｇｅ Ｂｌｏｃｋ）,也就是将这些图象块串起来构成一棵与零树相类似的图象树（Ｒａｎｇｅ Ｔｒｅｅ）;然后,对每一图象块,在同方向低一级分辩率的子带图象上寻找与其最佳分形匹配的相似块（Ｄｏｍｉａｎ Ｂｌｏｃｋ）,而这些相似块也按照零树结构上下延伸,以产生多棵相似树（Ｄｏｍａｉｎ Ｔｒｅｅ）,其中与图象树最接近的相似树就是图象树的预测树,理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法在峰值信噪比稍微下降的情况下,能够获得较高的压缩比。     

一种用于远程监控系统的视频编码方案

提出一种基于ＪＰＥＧ的活动图象编码方案,该方案运用帧间差分去除时间相关性,运用ＤＣＴ去除空间相关性,并借用了ＪＰＥＧ的变换系数编码方法。实验证明,所提方案在编码效率和算法复杂性方面较适合ＰＳＴＮ上的远程图象监控系统的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。