WSN基于区分服务的MAC性能分析与建模

针对IEEE 802.15.4协议的无线传感网络,提出一种基于区分服务的马尔科夫链模型以支持实时多媒体应用.该机制的主要思想是根据服务质量要求(时延敏感与否)为不同的数据流分配不同的优先级.分析并研究了协议参数的设置对网络性能的影响.教学分析表明,对不同数据流设置合理的CSMA/CA参数能够显著提高高优先级数据流的性能,而对低优先级数据影响较小.     

带碰撞避免机制的多址接入协议能量效率研究

研究了在自组织网络环境下CSMA/CA协议的能量消耗性能,并与传统的CSMA协议能耗性能进行比较.阐述了自组织网络中的隐藏终端和暴露终端问题,并分析CSMA/CA协议相对传统CSMA协议对该问题进行的改进.仿真结果表明,相对非坚持CSMA协议,CSMA/CA协议能够获得的能量效率更高,并且对网络负载的敏感性更低,在网络负载较高时也具有较高的能量效率.     

非饱和状态下时隙CSMA/CA机制改进与性能分析

针对无线传感器网络中有重要信息的高优先级数据包需要尽快传输,且IEEE 802.15.4协议本身不支持任何优先级机制的情况,结合优先级调度策略和差分服务机制,对具有优先级级的时隙CSMA/CA机制进行全面数学建模,包括节点马尔科夫模型和信道马尔科夫模型,据此提出了一种非饱和状态下具有优先级的IEEE 802.15.4时隙CSMA/CA机制性能的分析方法。通过比较分析,改进的机制对提高网络中高优先级数据包的传输性能具有积极作用。     

面向实时监测WSN应用的FQ-CSMA协议

在无线传感器网络(WSN)中,对于涉及到异常事件的监测应用,例如水情监测中的灾害预警等,涉及到报警信号和普通信号的区别处理。如何保障报警信号的高实时性,同时平衡报警信号和普通信号的传输质量,少有研究。首先分析了WSN数据链路层的CSMA/CA协议,继而提出了一种基于加权公平队列思想的改进协议。仿真结果证实了改进协议在队列延时和网络能耗性能上的优越性。     

无线自组网中功率控制协议研究与实现

研究和分析了无线自组网中的功率控制的问题.从无线自组织网络中数据通信过程入手,分析了其MAC协议中功率控制的基本思想,并提出了'功率控制算法,同时根据该算法改进了CSMA/CA协议的接入机制.详细介绍了改进后的CSMA/CA功率控制原理,推导了改进后的协议中数据发送功率的计算公式,以及改进后的CSMA协议的工作流程.最后对功率控制协议进行性能分析,分析表明信道利用率改进后的CSMA/PC协议比传统的CSMA/CA协议的一般高10%左右,改进后的协议能够达到提高网络容量,降低网络功耗的目的.     

基于p-坚持CSMA无线传感器网络性能优化

无线传感器网络(WSN)的MAC协议主要采用基于CSMA/CA的DCF机制,上述协议的能源效率随网络中竞争节点个数和负载的增加而迅速恶化.研究发现,CSMA/CA可以认为是1-坚持CSMA和p-坚持CSMA的混合体[3].本文提出了一种状态检测与竞争节点个数的自适应优化机制,ABM(Adaptive Backoff Mechanism),同时引入了信号流图模型这种新的方法来进行数学建模.根据相关数学模型的分析,p与系统参数存在着一定的数学关系,竞争节点个数和负载的变化都会引起p的改变,因此通过p的变化对相关参数进行动态调整,从而有效地改善了协议的整体性能.同时给出了相关模型和计算的详细说明,最后实验仿真,新的方法能够根据竞争节点个数和负载的变化对系统性能进行整体优化,在能量效率方面明显优于标准的CSMA/CA的DCF机制.     

一种应用于桥载设备监控网络CSMA/CA机制算法

在机场桥载设备在线监测管理网络的现场应用测试中,针对网络突发事件中高优先级节点传输延时长,节点能耗利用率低的问题,采用基于优先级调度策略思想的网络节点能量优化机制,对网络MAC层协议中的CSMA/CA算法参数做出调整,达到数据快速传输的目的,利用NS2软件进行网络仿真,结果表明该方法提高了高优先级节点的信道访问率,均衡了网络能耗并延长了网络生命周期.     

基于令牌的无线工业控制网络的信道接入控制

针对无线工业控制网络(WICN)的实时性和可靠性要求,在分析了几种常见的无线局域网的MAC协议(MACA、MA-CAW和IEEE802.11)的不足后,提出了一种基于令牌控制的MAC协议.并且还详细介绍了该协议中的令牌恢复机制、优先级机制和数据帧确认机制,并利用离散事件仿真平台OMNeT 对该协议和CSMA/CA协议进行了仿真对比试验.仿真结果表明,该协议保证了信道接入的公平性,减少了数据传输时延,增强了数据传输的可靠性,适用于无线工业控制网络.     

一种ZigBee网络中基于优先级的CSMA/CA优化算法

本文针对ZigBee网络中的MAC层核心算法CSMA/CA不能区分业务优先级和在高网络负荷中性能较差的问题,提出了根据网络负荷设置竞争窗口的方法来确定网络中不同业务的优先级;同时,根据网络负荷来自适应调整算法中的退避指数,进一步优化网络性能.对网络模型进行了数学建模和分析,并且利用NS2软件建立仿真场景进行了网络仿真,仿真结果表明改进后的算法以较小的时延代价提高了网络吞吐量,并降低了丢包率,从而使网络整体性能得到优化.     

交通监控中基于模糊聚类的无线传感网MAC协议

针对交通监控中突发数据实时性问题,提出一种基于模糊聚类的媒体访问控制（FC-MAC）协议。该协议采用时分多址（TDMA）和改进的载波监听多路访问冲突避免（CSMA/CA）交替工作的方式,既保证了普通周期数据的传递,又增强了突发数据的实时性。在CSMA/CA阶段,提出模糊聚类分析的方法,根据因素向量聚类簇内节点,使节点突发数据具有不同的优先级,优先级高的突发数据更早接入信道完成传输;同时,根据该协议的时隙分配策略,提出一种基于分层随机延迟的方法,减少同一时段内竞争接入Sink节点的簇头数量,降低簇头节点之间因退避而产生的数据延迟。仿真结果表明：FC-MAC在能量消耗上介于混合型Z-MAC协议与调度型S-LMAC协议之间;在突发数据平均时延减少的情况下,网络吞吐量比Z-MAC提高了11.2%,比S-LMAC提高了21.3%,并且对网络业务流量具有更好的适应性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.