纳米复合碳化钨-钴粉末的分散与粒度表征

为研究纳米复合碳化钨-钴粉末的分散稳定性和粒度表征方法，以一定量分散介质和分散剂作用于纳米复合碳化钨-钴粉末，利用氮吸附法(BET)、光子相关光谱法(PCS)和电位分析仪分别测试了粉末的比表面积、粒度及其分布和粉末的ξ电位．研究结果表明：高比重的纳米复合碳化钨-钴粉末经一定工艺处理后具有相当的分散稳定性，但长时间球磨对分散并非有利；用BET可表征一次粒径，而PCS则表征二次粒径。     

磁性钴纳米粒子的制备和应用

介绍了制备磁性钴纳米粒子的方法 ,尤其是介绍了近年发展起来的高温液相法 ,即高温液相还原法 ,金属盐醇解法和金属有机化合物热分解法 ;同时就制备颗粒尺寸小、粒度分布均匀的钴纳米粒子所采用的两种表面活性剂从理论上给予了说明。最后简单介绍了磁性金属钴纳米粒子的主要应用。     

纳米碲粉体的制备及表征

利用惰性气体保护蒸发-冷凝法制备了碲（Te）纳米粉体颗粒。通过热力学计算得到碲的蒸汽压随温度的变化关系。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、激光粒度仪观测了碲纳米颗粒的晶体结构、形貌,并研究了粉末粒径、分布及形貌与蒸发冷凝过程中气氛压力的关系。结果表明,随着气氛压力的增加,粉末粒径分布范围变窄,粉末粒度...     

基于纳米镍锌铁氧体以Co2+逐步替代Ni2+制备钴锌铁氧体及吸波性能对比

应用水热法掺杂钴离子到纳米镍锌铁氧体粉末中,制备处纳米镍锌钴铁氧体,继而用钴离子代替镍离子制备钴锌铁氧体.并利用XRD、TEM、VNA对其进行表征和分析,研究了纳米镍锌钴铁氧体和纳米钴锌铁氧体的样品粒度、形貌、电磁损耗性能及吸收性能.结果表明：纳米镍锌钴铁氧体由原先纳米镍锌铁氧体的类球形转变为不规则四边形结构.掺杂钴离子后增加吸收器的带宽, 改善材料在低频率的吸波性能。钴锌铁氧体中当Co²⁺: Zn²⁺=1: 1时,对于电磁波吸收性能比镍锌钴铁氧体要好,在16.47 GHz处到达33.9 dB.     

纳米RDX的热性能及感度研究磁

采用激光粒度仪跟踪粒度分布,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察颗粒大小和形貌;通过热重（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析了使用HLGB-10型粉碎机批量制备纳米黑索今（RDX）的热分解特性,并测定了5s爆发点和感度。研究结果表明,制备的纳米RDX粒度分布窄;与原料RDX相比,活化能和5S爆发点稍有降低,热安定性基本不变,静电感度与火焰感度与原料RDX相当;摩擦、撞击和冲击波感度分别比原料RDX降低了37．5％、92．8％和51．0％。     

可生物降解高分子纳米微粒的制备及表征

以合成的聚己内酯（ＰＣＬ）、聚丙交酯（ＰＬＬＡ） 们的共聚物（ＰＣＬＬＡ）为材料,通过沉淀法制备了ＰＣＬ、ＰＬＬＡ、ＰＣＬＬＡ纳米微粒。透射电子显微镜和激光粒度仪分析表明,获得了纳米微粒具有较小的尺寸和粒径分布。同时还研究了水相温度、聚合物的分子量以及聚合物材料本身性质对纳米微粒粒径大小和分布的影响。     

活性模板法制备纳米铜粉体

采用活性模板法制备了高纯纳米铜（Cu）粉体。研究了超声波频率、焙烧温度对纳米粉体性能的影响，通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和激光粒度分析仪等手段对样品的成分、形貌、粒度及其分布进行了分析。结果表明，模板介质炭黑具有微反应器作用、空间位阻效应和较强的还原性，模板法制得的纳米Cu粉呈规则的链状球形，无明显团聚体，平均粒径为32．3nm，粒径分布窄，粒径范围在19．4～49．5nm。     

超重力反应结晶法制备纳米碳酸钙颗粒研究

以Ca（OH）2悬浊液和CO2气体在起重力反应器（旋转填充床反应器）中进行碳化反应制备纳米立方形碳酸钙为研究对象，实验研究了超重力加速度gr，液体循环量L，气体流量G，Ca（OH）2初始浓度等操作条件对产物粒度及其分布、碳化反应时间的影响。结果表明：利用超重力反应结晶法可以制备出平均粒度为15～40nm、分布较窄的CaCO3，碳化反应时间较传统方法缩短约4～10倍。     

纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

X射线小角散射法对纳米氧化锆粒度分布的研究

采用小角X射线散射法，在普通的X射线衍射仪上实现纳米级氧化锆粒度分布的表征；并按照国标（GB／T13221-2004）的标准，使用SAXS程序计算出纳米氧化锆的粒度分布范围在1-36nm之间。与纳米氧化锆的TEM图像相比较，对比结果表明该方法测得的纳米氧化锆粒度可靠。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...