2011年农村水电十件大事

近日,由《中国水能及电气化》杂志和农村水电及电气化信息网联合评出农村水电行业十件大事一、中央一号文件和中央水利工作会议要求加强农村水电工作2011年中央一号文件和中央水利工作会议明确指出,在保护生态和农民利益前提下,加快水能资源开发利用。大力发展农村水电,积极开展水电新农村电气化县建设和小水电代燃料生态保     

以“三个代表”思想为指针加快农村水电电气化建设

“十五”水利规划新增水电装机800-1000万kW，建设一批具有调节能力的水库电站和配套电网，建设400个水电农村电气化县，水电建设任重道远，要以“三个代表”思想为指针，重新认识水电及农村电气化建设的地位和作用，围绕治水思路的转变，调整水电及农村电气化建设的发展思路，尤其要适应电力体制改革的大趋势，把水电及电气化工作纳入水利发展的规划和基本任务中，落实到西部大开发的规划和实践中，用改革创新精神加快水电及农村电气化建设。     

2011年农村水电十件大事

一、中央一号文件和中央水利工作会议要求加强农村水电工作 2011年中央一号文件和中央水利工作会议明确指出，在保护生态和农民利益前提下，加快水能资源开发利用。大力发展农村水电，积极开展水电新农村电气化县建设和小水电代燃料生态保护工程建设，搞好农村水电配套电网改造工程建设。     

全国农村水电2009年十件大事

中国水利报、中国水能及电气化杂志、中国农村水电及电气化信息网、中国水力发电工程学会小水电专委会、中国水利学会水力发电专委会联合评选产生了全国农村水电2009年十件大事。     

以创新求发展开创水电及农村电气化工作新局面

按照水利部党组的要求，认真贯彻党的路线、方针、政策和部党组新的 工作思路，不断推进水利系统水电及农村电气化工作，农村水电初级电气化县建设成效显著，农网“两改－同价”进展顺利，水电企业改革取得实质性进展。“十五”期间要以中小水电及农村电气化建设为主题，以改革和创新为动力，抓住机遇，促进可持续发展，开创水电及农村电气化工作新局面。     

发展农村水电 保障和改善民生——访水利部农村水电及电气化发展局局长田中兴

在水利部党组的正确领导和关心支持下,农村水电及电气化工作认真贯彻落实科学发展观．积极践行可持续发展水利思路,按照全国水利工作会议和农村水电工作会议部署,结合实际抓改革、求发展,抓管理、保安全,抓基础。上水平,抓队伍、强素质,小水电代燃料和水电农村电气化建设全面推进,水能资源和农村水电管理不断加强,各项工作取得新的成效。     

基于Internet/Intranet的农村水电及电气化管理信息系统规划的开发研究

针对当前水利系统地方水电行业信息化管理水平比较落后的状况，结合《全国水利信息化规划纲要》的要求和地方水电行业的特点，研究了农村水电及电气化管理信息系统规划中的系统设计，对开发和实现规划中的几个关键问题作了专题研究，为进一步建设农村水电及电气化管理信息系统莫定了基础。     

发展农村水电服务社会主义新农村建设

水电是优质的可再生能源和清洁能源,是最优先开发利用的能源资源.2006年1月1日开始实施的<中华人民共和国可再生能源法>正式将水能纳入可再生能源的范畴,加以利用、开发和保护.党中央、国务院明确指出,农村水电是直接服务"三农"的农村基础设施,并把农村水电列入重点支持发展的农村"六小工程".同时,农村水电是保护生态、支持经济发展的绿色能源,社会、生态和经济效益十分显著."十一五"期间,在建设社会主义新农村的新形势下,承德市要进一步做好水电农村电气化工作,全面落实"大水利兴市,小水利富民"战略,加快农村水电开发建设步伐,使电气化建设更加贴近"三农",使农民从电气化建设中得到更多的实惠,为建设社会主义新农村做出新的贡献.     

2012年农村水电十件大事

2012年,农村水电行业认真贯彻落实中央水利工作方针和水利部党组的部署,按照全国农村水电工作会议的要求,着力打造"民生水电、平安水电、绿色水电、和谐水电",各项工作都取得了明显成效。中国水利报、中国水能及电气化杂志和中国农村水电及电气化信息网评选出了     

大力发展农村水电实现水电农村电气化

水电及农村电气化是农业和农村的重要基础设施,是关系到广大贫困地区农民脱贫致富,改善农村生产生活条件、提高农民生活质量和发展农村经济的一项公益性事业,也是加快地方经济发展、增加财政收入、巩固退耕还林成果、改善生态环境和实现经济社会可持续发展的一件大事。党中央、国务院历来对农村水电和农村电气化     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.